BACILLUM

(Lat.),n.n. ®k)-i?llufm(lutm). See Bactt- Lus (Ist def.). 13 ACILLUS (Lat.), n. m, (as a botanical term, occasionally f.). Ba?s(ba>k)i2lluSs(lu*s). Dim. of baculus, a rod. Fr., bacitle, batonnet. Ger., Bacitlus, Stäbchen, It., bacillo. Sp.,bacilo, bacilus. 1. Literally, à little rod; hence, in pharmacy, a medicated, bougie or candle (candela rey 2 In anatomy, one of the rods of the retina, also any rod-like body. (L, i15.] 3. In botany, a term a relied by Link to the cotyledon of the hyacinth, and also to the small bulb on the inflorescence of some plants. [B, O, no; 0%, not; 0%, whole; ‘Ph, thin; Th?, the; U, like 00 in too; U2, blue; U3, lull; Us, full; U%, urn; Us, like ü (German). crease by transverse division and are disposed in a chain forming long, straight, or bent pseudo-filaments. By suitable cultivation they form long, often convoluted, filaments which may attain a lengt of 500 or more, and then develop ovate spores in their interior. The latter, after the di olution of the parent filament, form ovoid ma es surrounded by a clear, gla y envelope, This soon ruptures, and the spore, by growth at one of its poles, elongates into a bacillar form. These spores are very resistant against reagents and preserve their vitality for years. The B. anthracis is aerobic, It liquefies gelatin and forms in plateeultivations rounded colonies which a ume a peculias floccose appearance like a Medusa’sead, and in needle-cultivations white centres which send out a number of anastomosing filaments. On potatoes it forms circumscribed white colonies. It is readily stained by the usual reagents. In most animals and in man the injection of the B. anthracis or of its spores into the blood produces charbon, either as a local affection or as a fatal systemic disease. Its virulent power can be diminished by various proced hres and the organism then, on being injected into the blood, produces a mild type of charbon which appears to render the individual, for a time at least, proof against subsequent infection. According to Buchner, the B. anthracis is identical with B. subtil is, which it elec resembles in morphological characters. This, however, is still very doubtful. [B, 122, 209, 238.)—B. ans Faeces (Ger.). See Bacilli of the fœces—B. bei Diphtherie des Mensclien (Ger.). See B. diphtheriæ. — B. bel ErysIpel am Kaninchen (Ger... See B. of erysipelas in the rabbit._B. bei Gelbfieber (Ger.). See B. of yellow fever.—B. bei Kenchhusten (Ger... See B: of whooping-cough.— B. bei Lichen ruber (Ger.). See B. of lichen ruber. — B. be rib eric us [De Lacerda]. Fr., bacille du béri-béri. A species of B. alleged to occur in the blood, urine, viscera, spinal cord, and nerves of patients affected with beri-beri. It consists of jointed cylindrical filaments much resembling those of B. anthracis, but smaller, which sometimes contain highly refractive Ç ints regarded as spores. Cultivations of this B. injected into the blood of rabbits are said to cause the symptoms of beri-beri. The B. is thought to develop from some peculiar condition of the rice-plant. [B,73; * Nederl Tijdschr. v. Geneesk.” and “Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,” Dec. 9, 1886 p. 887 (B).]—I3. bra icæ [G. Pommerj. A species of B. found in infusions of cabbage leaves, which consists at first of filaments 9 to 224 long and 0°9 to 12 y thick, but which by subsequent division forms rods of 45 to 54, and afterward of 36 to 1 # in length. Various involution and irregular forms are also known. It forms spores 12 to 15 w long and”0-9 p broad which develop into filamentous cells which sometimes attain a length of 150%. [G. Pommer ‘ Mittheil.,” ete.; “ Crrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 4, p. 100 (B).j —B, butylicus [Fitz]. Fr., bacille butylique * À species which has the property of decomposing alyccrta: mannite, and invert-sugar with the formation chiefly of butyric acid, and to a le extent of butyl alcohol, lactic acid, and trimethyleue alcohol. It also acts upon milk-sugar when hydrated by acids, inverts cane-sugar, and di olves albuminoids. It is aerobic. It is of varying dimensions, usually 1°8 to 24 p loug and 07 to 1 @ broad, a umes the clostridium form at the time of sporification, aud then also contains granulose and is colored by iodine. It'is perhaps identical with Pasteur’s butyric ferment, as suggested by Fitz, but more probably is the B. butyric us of Hiippe. [A. Fitz, “ Bericht. d. dtsch. chem. Geselisch.,” 13, 1880, p. 1183; 15, 1882, p. 867; and 17, 1884,p. 1188 (B).|—B. butyricns. Fr., bacille butyrique (ou de la fermentation butyrique). Ger., B. der Buttersäuregährung, Buttersäure bacillus. It., bacillo butirrico. 1. Of Prazmowski, see B. amylobacter. 2. Of Liborius, see B. amylobacter. 3. Of Bree a B. found in imperfectly sterilized milk and which was capable of producing the butyric-acid fermentation only after the milk had been acted upon by other organisms or when lactates were present. It also coagulated casein and subsequently decomposed it with the formation of peptone, leucine, and tyrosine. In morphological characters it resembles B. amylobacter, but differs in being aerobic, requiriug oxygen for the development of its spores, [B, 238} “ Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” 12, 1887, p. 367 (B).] — B. caucasieus [Kern]. Ger., Kefir ferment. Syn.: B. kaukasicus, Dispora kaukasica, Bacterium caucasicum, À B. which with other organisms is found in kefir and kumys, and is believed to be the cause of the alcoholic fermentation of milk by which these beverages are produced. It forms rod-cells 32 to 8 # long and 08 6 broad, sometimes provided with a flagellum and exhibiting a slow oscillatory movement. It has a spherical enlargement at each end, in each of which forms a spore of 0'8 w diameter, When set free, these spores enlarge and germinate by protruding through the outer spore-coat a hernial projection of the inner spore-coat, which subsequently enlarges and reer into the indrical form. [B,