wappatoo

[See def.] Botany: The name given by the Indians of northwestern America to (1) the tubers of Sagitta ria lit toralis , which they eat; (2) to the potato. (Treus. of Bot .) wăppe, s. [WAPPET.] *wap-pened, a. [See def.] A word only found in the pa age given below, and of doubtful origin and meaning; one suggestion is that it is connected with wap , in the old sense of, to have sexual intercourse. A proposed emendation is wappered (q. v.). "This [gold] it is That makes the wappened widow wed again." Shakesp.: Timon , iv. 3. wapper, s . [Etym. doubtful.] A name given to the smaller species of river-gudgeon. wap-pěr, v . i. [A freq. from wap (q. v.); Dutch wapperen to waver, to fluctuate, to vacillate.] To move quickly and tremulously, as from natural infirmity; to totter, to twitter, to blink. "But still he stole his face to set awrye, And wappering turned up his white of eye." Mirror for Magistrates. wapper-eyed, s. Having eyes that move in a quick, tremulous manner. (Prov.) wap'-pered, a. [WAPPER, v.] Restle , fatigued, worn out. ( Prov.) wap-pět, s . [See def.] A kind of cur, said to be so named from his yelping voice. ( Prov .) wap-pler-ite (wasv), s. [After Herr Wappler of Dresden; suff. -ite ( Min .).] Min.: A magnesian-pharmacolite crystallizing in the triclinic system. Crystals small, sometimes in globular encrustations. Hardne , 2-2-5; specific gravity, 2.48; color, white; luster, vitreous. Composition: A hydrated arsenate of lime and magnesia, the mean of two analyses yielding the formula 2CaOAsO5+8H where some of the lime is replaced by magnesia. Found at Joachimsthal, Bohemia. wâr, *warre, *werre, *wyrre, s . [An English word, appearing in the Laws of Canute, De Forest a , §9. Cogn. with O. Fr. werre (Fr. guerre ) , from O. H. Ger. werra =vexation, strife, confusion, broil; sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. war-club, 8. A club used by savages in war. "Laden with war -clubs, bows and arrows." Long fellow: Hiawatha , xv. war-cry, s. A cry or phrase used in war for mutual recognition and encouragement; a short, pithy expre ion or phrase used in common by a body of troops or the like in charging an enemy. "And the war - cry was forgotten." Long fellow: Hiawatha , xiii. under the supervision of a Secretary of War, who has entire control of all matters relating to the equipment, discipline, ., of the military forces of 1. A contest between nations and states (Inter- national War), or between parties in the same state (Civil War), carried on by force of arms, and resorted to either for purposes of advantage or of revenge. The one party po e es or takes po e ion of some thing which the other has resolved to seize, or has inflicted some real or supposed injury on the other, which he determines to punish by the infliction of a corresponding chastisement. Formerly, war was waged at the will of despotic monarchs; now wars usually arise, in the first instance, from disputes concerning territorial po e ions and frontiers, unjust dealings with the citizens of one state by another, questions of race and sentiment, jealousy of military prestige, or mere lust of conquest. Civil wars arise from the claims of rival competitors for the supreme power in a state, or for the establish ment of some important point connected with civil or religious liberty. In all cases, the object of each contending party is to destroy the power of the other by defeating or dispersing his army or navy, by the occupation of some important part of his country, such as the capital, or the principal administrative and commercial centers, or the ruin of his commerce, thus cutting off his sources of recuperation in men, money, and material. An international or public war can only be authorized by the sovereign power of the nations, and previous to the commencement of hostilities it is now usual for the state taking the initiative to i ue a decla- ration of war, which usually takes the form of an explanatory manifesto addre ed to the neutral states. An aggre ive or offensive war is one carried into the territory of a hitherto friendly power; and a defensive war is one carried on to resist such aggre ion. Certain laws, usages, or rights of war are recognized by international law. By such laws it is allowable to seize and destroy the persons or property of armed enemies, to stop up all their channels of traffic or supply, and to appropriate everything in an enemy's country nece ary for the support or subsistence of the invading army. On the other hand, though an enemy may lawfully be starved into a surrender, wounding, except in bat tle, mutilation, and all cruel and wanton devasta- tion, are contrary to the usages of war, as are also the bombarding of a defensele town, firing on a hospital, the use of poison in any way, or torture to extort information from an enemy. (SUCCESSION, Ternment. He was succeeded by Joseph Holt, who, (7.).] the country, and is charged with the duty of carry- ing into effect all laws relative to the army enacted by Congre . His authority in military matters is second only to that of the President of the United States. He is a Cabinet officer, and is usually accounted the third in point of dignity and import. ance, the portfolios of State and the Treasury being the first two. During the stormy career of the republic this office has several times been one on which devolved the conduct of weighty affairs. The first Secretary of Warwas Henry Knox of Ma a- chusetts, whose term of office began with that of President Washington. During the second war with Great Britain three secretaries of war followed each other in quick succe ion. They were John Arm- strong, James Monroe, and William H. Crawford. The secretary at the time that war broke out was William Eustis. During the Mexican War William L. Marcy guided the department. During Buchan- an's administration, the exciting period just pre- ceding the Civil War, John B. Floyd was the head of the department, and it was charged that his Southern sympathies induced him to store a large amount of war supplies in the South, which sup- plies when appropriated by the seceding states enabled them to levy war against the general gov upon the breaking out of hostilities, severed his connection with the department, and was succeeded by Simon Cameron, who in the same year (1861) gave place to Edwin M. Stanton, under whose guid. ance the department waged the long and bloody war of sece ion. Stanton during the reconstruc- tion period was succeeded ad interim by Gen. U. S. Grant, and the following secretaries succeeded in the order named: Lorenzo Thomas, John M. Scho- field, John A. Rawlins, William T. Sherman and W. W. Belknap, whose term of office expired when 3. The profe ion of arms; the art of war. "Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither the country was once more in statu quo . With all his rage, and dread, and grief, and care; His complement of stores and total war ." IMG:content-0653.png:[blocks in formation] "Till the war - drum throbbed no longer." Tennyson: Locksley Hall , 127. "Through the war - field's bloody haze." Moore: Paradise and the Peri. *war-flame, s. A beacon-fire placed on an emi nence to rouse the inhabitants of a county or district in case of invasion or attack; a fire-signal. *war-garron, subst . A war-horse; a jade used in war. ( Carlyle .) *war-gear, s. Accouterments or equipment for "Armed himself with all his war - gear ." IMG:content-0654.png:[blocks in formation] "And I that prated peace, when first I heard War-music felt the blind wild beast of force." Tennyson: Prince , v. 256. "But the rude litter, roughly spread With war - cloaks , is her homely bed." Moore: Lalla Rookh. war-worn, a. Worn with military service. C. As subst.: A singing with sweetly flowing, wâr, *warre, *werre, *wer-rei-en, v. i. & t. flexible, or trilling notes; a warble, a carol, a song. "All the warring winds that sweep the sky." Dryden: Virgil ; Georgio i. 432. "To werre each other and to slea." -Gower : C. A. iii. 2. To carry on, as warfare or a contest. war-a-tah, war'-ra-tah, s. [Native Australian name.] [TELOPEA.] 1. To utter or sing in a trilling, quavering, or vibrating manner; to modulate with turns or variations. "Such notes as warbled to the string, Drew iron tears down Pluto's cheek." Milton: Il Penseroso , 106. marvelous. Each civilized nation vied with the other in the production of what was vainly imag- ined would prove invincible and invulnerable ships, but as fast as the defensive power of armor was increased the offensive power of the guns with which other ships were armed was augmented. This led to a great reaction in the methods of naval construction, and the efforts of engineers were di- rected to the production of warships of the swift of violent opposition. cruiser type, rather than that of the battleship, and for awhile the U. S. government constructed only swift armored and protected cruisers. The first con- tract for first-cla battleships for the U. S. navy was signed in 1890, and they were officially designated "coast-line battleships." They were three in num- ber, named respectively the Oregon, the Indiana and the Ma achusetts. The first of these to be com- pleted was the Indiana in November, 1895. Half a year later the Ma achusetts was commi ioned, and a month later, the Oregon. These three battleships are precisely similar in all respects, and represent the first of the type ever attempted by American shipbuilders. They are each of 10,300 tons displace ment, and have a main armament of four 13-inch guns in two circular turrets, fore and aft, on the same deck; eight 8-inch guns in four turrets on deck above the deck of the 13-inch guns; and four 6-inch guns on upper deck in broadside. Each has also a secondary battery of rapid-fire guns. These ships cost about $3,100,000 each to build. In one of their prominent features they differ materially from simi- lar ships in foreign navies-that is, in the mounting of 8-inch guns in connection with 13-inch guns and 6-inch guns. This is also the case with the first-cla battleship Iowa, that was next constructed, only the latter has 12-inch in place of the 13-inch guns. The low a was denominated "seagoing coast-line bat- tleship No. 1." The contract for her construction was signed in Feb., 1893, and she was four years in buiding, her first commi ion bearing date of June, 1897. The Iowa has a displacement of 11,340 tons, and her main armament consists of four 12-inch guns in two circular turrets, forward turret on higher deck; eight 8-inch guns in four turrets on same deck as forward 12-inch guns; and six 4-inch guns on upper deck in broadside. She cost over $3,000, 000. In 1895, Congre authorized the construction of the Kentucky and the Kearsarge, and three years were given the contractors in which to complete them. Each of these first-cla battleships was to be of 11,525 tons displacement and have a main armament of four 13-inch guns in two circular tur- rets on same deck; four 8-inch guns in two turrets on top of the 13-inch gun turrets; and fourteen 5- inch guns in broadside. Their cost was to be about $2,600.000 each. A year later, in 1896, Congre appropriated money for the construction of the Alabama, the Illinois and the Wisconsin. Each of these new first-cla battleships was to be of 11.525 tons displacement, and have a main armament of four 13-inch guns in two eliptical turrets, forward turret on deck higher than the after one, and four teen 6-inch guns in broadside. These were con- tracted for in the fall of the same year for about $2,600,000 each, and three years were given as the time in which to build. They are of a different type, in that their armament consists of 13-inch and 6-inch guns to the exclusion of the 8-inch guns. In IMG:content-0655.png:[blocks in formation] "By the nightingale warbling nigh." Cowper: Catharina. 2. To have a trilling, quivering, or vibrating sound; to be produced with free, smooth, and rapid modulations in pitch; to be uttered in flowing, gliding, flexible melody. 3. To give out a smooth, flowing sound. "The gentle warbling wind low answered to all." Spenser: F. Q., II. xii. 71. *4. To shake, to quaver, to wobble. "It but floats in our brains; we but warble about it."- Andrewes: Works , i. 15. war-ble (1), *wer-belle, wer-ble, s . [WARBLE (1), v.] A soft sweet flow of melodious sounds; a strain of clear, rapidly uttered, gliding tones; a trilling, flexible melody; a carol, a song. "All kinds of birds ywrought Well tune their voice with warble small, as Nature hath them taught." Surrey: Having Defied the Power of Love. wâr-ble (2), *war'-blět, s. [Etym. doubtful.] Farriery : One of those small, hard tumors on the there has been an enlargement of displacement, backs of horses occasioned by the heat of the saddle with the corresponding advantages that go with big in traveling, or by the uneasine of its situation; qualities, larger coal supply, better distribution of the armor, and heavier armament. The last of these gadfly on the backs of horses, cattle, . advantages the armament-is, other things being "He was either suffering from warbles or another form of skin eruption."-London Daily Telegraph. warble-fly, s. The gadfly. "Among the pests was named the ox-bot, or warble-fly, which Mi Ormerod has recently investigated."-London Daily Chronicle. wâr-blēr, s . [Eng. warbl (e); -er.] I. Ord. Lang.: One who or that which warbles; a singer, a songster. (Applied especially to birds.) "Ten you sand warblers cheer the day and one The livelong night." Cowper Task , i. 200. Sylvia, now divided. Many of the Sylviinæ (q. v.), sometimes called True Warblers, are distinguished for the sweetne and compa of their vocal power; in some of the other sub-families the popular name has no special significance-e. g., in the case of the Hedge-Sparrow. Most of the Warblers are of sober, or even dull, plumage, but some of the Australian species are brilliantly colored. wâr'-bling, pr. par ., a. . [WARBLE (1), v.] A. & B. As pr . par. & participial adj.: (See the "That eche of you to shorten with youre way, In this viage, shal tellen tales tway, To Canterbury-ward." IMG:content-0656.png:[blocks in formation] "Up and down he traverses his ground; Now wards a felling blow, now strikes again." Daniel. (Todd.) 4. To line, to cover, as a dog a bitch. "She used to live in kennel with my beagles, and when about a year old came in season, and was warded in kennel by one of the hounds."- Field , March 17, 1888. IMG:content-0657.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0658.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0659.png:[blocks in formation] 9. Guardianship; right of guardianship. "It is also inconvenient, in Ireland, that the wards and marriages of gentlemen's children should be in the disposal of any of those lords." - Spenser : State of Ireland. 10. One who or that which is guarded, or is under watch, control, or care; specifically, a minor or person under guardianship. Ward in Chancery: A minor under the protection of a Court of Chancery, generally called a Ward in Chancery, or a Ward of Court. For the due protection of such wards the court has power to appoint a proper guardian, where there is none, or to remove, whenever sufficient cause is shown, a guardian, no matter by whom appointed; but in all cases there must be property. The court has also full power to use vigilant care over the conduct of the guardians, to see that the wards are duly maintained and educated; and should any one marry a ward of court without the sanction of the court, even with the consent of the guardian, he may be committed to prison for contempt, and be kept there till he consents to such a settlement as the court may direct. 11. A certain division, section or quarter of a town or city, such as is under the charge of an alderman, or is constituted for the convenient transaction of local public busine through committees appointed by the inhabitants. "Makes all the matches and the marriage feasts Within the ward ." Ben Jonson: Magnetic Lady, i. 1. 12. A territorial subdivision of some English counties, as West more land, Cumber land, and Durham, equivalent to the hundred of the midland counties. *13. A division of a forest. 14. One of the apartments into which a hospital is divided. IMG:content-0660.png:[blocks in formation] 3. A churchwarden (q. v.). *4. A kind of pear, so called because it would keep long without rotting. It was principally used for roasting or baking. "Ox-cheek when hot, and wardens bak'd, some cry." King: On Cookery. II. Eccles.: The title given to the heads of some colleges and schools and to the superiors of some conventual churches. (1) Lord Warden of the Cinque-ports : [CINQUE PORTS.] (2) Warden of the Marches: [MARCH (1), s.] fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fall, warden-pie, subst. A pie made of warden pears, baked or stewed, without crust, and colored with saffron. "I must have saffron to color the warden - pies ."_ Shakesp.: Winter's Tale , iv. 3. warden-raid, s. An inroad commanded by the Warden of the Marches in person. ""And by my faith, the gate-ward said, 'I think 'twill prove a Warden -raid.'" Scott: Lay of the Last Minstrel , iv. 4. war'-den-ship, *war-den-rỹ, subst . [English warden; -ship, -ry.] 1. The office of a warden. "In the wardenship of Mert. Coll. succeeded Nat. Brent, LL.D."- Wood : Athena Oxon ., vol. i 2. The jurisdiction of a warden. "All through the western wardenry." Scott : Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. ward-er, s . [Eng. ward , v.; -er.] 1. One who wards or keeps; a keeper, a guard. "The warders of the gate but scarce maintain Th' unequal combat, and resist in vain." Dryden: Virgil's Æneid , ii. 451. *2. A truncheon or staff of authority carried by a king, commander-in-chief, or other important dignitary, by which signals were given; as, the throwing down of it was a signal to stop proceedings, the raising it a signal to charge, or the like. "Take thou my warder as the queen And umpire of the martial scene." Scott: Bridal of Trier main , ii. 20. war-der-ere, s . [WARDER.] *ward-er-e , s. [Eng. warder ; -e .] A female warder. "On one occasion she met the wardere as she was leaving the prison."-London Echo. *ward-hold-ing, s. [Eng. ward , and holding .] The ancient military tenure in Scotland, by which va als were at first obliged to serve their superior in war as often as his occasion called for it.