radiator (radiator)

[ IMG:content-1554.png:[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small] a, a direct radiator with cast-iron base m and cap n; f, vertical tubes of wrought-iron screwed into the base; g, inlet; h, outlet; d and e, detail sections of tube; i, diaphragın used in one kind of vertical-tube steam-radiators, steam pa ing through it, as indicated by arrow. b, a direct-indirect radiator, air entering at 1, and circulating upward through pa ages in base k '. c, an indirect steam-radiator: m, base; /, tubes; cold air from without is admitted at /, and pa es over radiator as indicated by arrows; k, flues up which warm air pa es to registerj. A common form of radiator is a sheet-iron drum or cylinder containing deflectors or baffle-plates, placed over a fireplace to cause the volatile products of combustion to give up their heat as they pa : a heating-drum. A steam radiator consists of a ma of coiled or flexed pipes to which steam for heating is conveyed through a continuous pipe from a boiler, and which is provided with suitable valves for the control of the steam. radiatory (ra'di-ā-to-ri), a. [ = G. Sw. Dan. radikal, Pertaining or relating to a root or to roots. The cause of a thynne and watery radycall moyster to suche thynges as drawe theyr nuryshement therof. R. Eden , tr. of Gonzalus Oviedus (First Books on America, [ed. Arber, p. 227). Specifically-(a) In bot., belonging to the root: opposed to cauline. See radical leaves and radical peduncle, below. (b) In philol., of the nature of or pertaining to a root, or a primary or underived word or main part of a word: as, a radical word; a radical letter or syllable; radical accentuation. (c) In math., consisting of or in dicating one of the roots of a number: as, a radical expre ion; the radical sign. (d) In chem., noting any atom 4933 or group of atoms which is, for the moment, regarded as a chief constituent of the molecules of a given compound, and which does not lose its integrity in the ordinary chem Chem. Philos., p. 106. ical reactions to which the substance is liable. Cooke, 2. Making part of the e ential nature of the subject or thing concerned; existing inherently; intrinsic; organic: as, radical defects of character; a radical fault of construction; the radical principles of an art or of religion. The Latin word first occurs, about the beginning of the thirteenth century, in the phrase humidum radicale, or rad i cal moisture, that moisture in an animal or a plant which cannot be expelled without killing the organism which was supposed to remain unchanged throughout life, and to be the chief principle of vitality. The word seems to translate the pseudo-Aristo tel i an ὡς ἄν εἶποι τις ρίζαι, 'as one may say, roots' an expre ion applied to moisture and certain other conditions as being e ential to the life of plants. Radicall moisture, or first or naturall moisture, spred like a dew thorow all the parts of the bodie, wherewith such parts are nourished: which moisture, being once wasted, can neuer be restored. Minsheu. Whilst thus my sorrow-wasting soul was feeding Upon the radical humour of her thought. Quarles, Emblems, iv. 12. This radical error.. has contributed more than any other cause to prevent the formation of popular constitutional governments. Calhoun , Works, I. 30. 3. Of or pertaining to the root or foundation of the subject; concerned with or based upon fundamental principles; hence, thoroughgoing; extreme: as, a radical truth; a radical difference of opinion; radical views or measures; the Radical party in British politics. His works are more radical in spirit and tendency than any others, for they strike at all cant whatever, whether it be the cant of monarchy or the cant of democ Whipple, E . and Rev., I. 147. racy. 4. [ cap.] Of or pertaining to a political party or body of persons known as Radicals (see II., 4, below): as, a Radical candidate; the Radical program.-Radical axis of two circles. See axis1.-Radical ba , in music, same as fundamental ba (which see, under fund a mental ). - Radical cadence, in music, a cadence consisting of chords in their original position. Radical center of Radical Axes and Radical Center. radicant those consisting of carbon and hydrogen alone are usually basic, and those containing oxygen also are usually acid. Cooke, Chem. Philos., p. 106. 3. In music, same as root.-4. A person who holds or acts according to radical principles; one who pursues a theory to its furthest apparent limit; an extremist, especially in politics. In the political sense, in which the word has been most used, a Radical is one who aims at thorough reform in government from a liberal or democratic point of view, or desires the establishment of what he regards as abstract principles of right and justice, by the most direct and uncompromising methods. The political Radicals of a country generally constitute the extreme faction or wing of the more liberal of the two leading parties, or act as a separate party when their numbers are sufficient for the exertion of any considerable influence. The name Radi cal is often applied as one of reproach to the members of a party by their opponents. In the United States it has been so applied at times to Democrats, and to Republicans especially in the South about the period of reconstruction. The French Radicals are often called the Extreme Left. The British Radicals form an important section of the Liberal party. In politics they [the Independents] were, to use the phrase of their own time, "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, Radicals . Macaulay. He [President Johnson] did not receive a single Southern vote, and was detested through every Southern State with a cordiality unknown in the case of any Northern Radical . The Nation , III. 141. 5. In alg., a quantity expre ed as a root of another quantity. - Negative, organic, etc., radical. See the adjectives. [= F. radica