polytocous (politokus)

[ IMG:content-0613.jpg:[blocks in formation] -ic.] I. a. Of, pertaining to, or affected with polyuria. II. n. One affected with polyuria. poly vol tine (pol-i-vol'tin), п. [ volta , turn, time, + -inel .] A silk- worm which yields more than one crop of co- coons a year: usually applied only to those races which have more than four yearly generations. For the protection of the mulberry-trees, the raising of poly vol tines , or worms that hatch several broods a year, is ducing many or several at a birth; multiparous. polyuric (pol-i-ū'rik), a . and n. [ polyuria + Also poly toko us , poly parous .-2. In bot . , fruiting year after year, as perennials: a term proposed by Gray in place of De Candolle's polycarpous . poly to mous (po-lit'ō-mus), a. [ bot ., sub- divided into many distinct subordinate parts, which, however, not being jointed to the pet- iole, are not true leaflets: said of leaves.-2. Dividing once or repeatedly into sets of three or more branches: opposed to dichotomous . poly to my (pō-lit'ō-mi), n. [ polytom -ous + -y3.] Division into more than two parts: dist in- guished from dichotomy . polytope (pol'i-top), n. [ πολύς , many, + τόπος, & place.] A form in n -dimensional geom- etry corresponding to a polygon or polyhedron. Poly tri chaceæ (pol"i-tri-kā'sē-ē), n . pl . [NL., Poly tri chum + -aceæ .] Same as Polytricheæ . Polytricheæ (pol-i-trikē-ē), n. pl . [NL., Po- lytrichum+-eæ.] A tribe of acrocarpous brya- ceo us mo es, typified by the genus Poly tri chum . It embraces plants that are very variable in size and ap- pearance, of woody or strong texture. The capsule is long- pedicellate, erect or cernuous, and cylindrical or angular, provided with a cucullate calyptra, which may be naked, spinulose, or hairy, and with a peristome of 32, 64, or rare- ly 16 teeth. forbidden in many countries. Pop . Sci . Mo., XXXVI. 500. polyzoalt (pol-i-zō'a), n.; pl. polyzoæ (-ē). [NL.: see polyzoön .] The original name of one of the animals afterward grouped as Polyzoa and Bryozoa ; a kind of polyzoan or bryozoan. On Polyzoa , a new animal, an inhabitant of some zo- ophytes. J. Vaughan Thompson , Zool. Researches (1830). Polyzoa2 (pol-i-zō'ä), n . pl . [NL., pl. of poly- zoon , q. v.] 1. A cla of molluscoid inver- tebrated animals; the mo -animalcules, sea- mo es, or sea-mats. They are invariably compound, forming aggregated or colonial organisms originating by germination from a single parent polyzoön, and inhabit a polyzoary or polyzoarium comparable to the polypary or polypidom of a compound hydrozoan. (See polypary .) The individual or person of such a stock is called a poly- pide , and differs from the polypite of a cælenterate in having a complete and distinct alimentary canal sus- pended freely in a body-cavity or cæloma, and in many other respects. There are definite oral and anal apertures, not communicating directly with the per i visceral cavity. The mouth is within an oral disk or lophophore support- ing a circlet of ciliated tentacles, the lophophore being comparable to the wheel-organ of rotifers. The intestine is bent on itself toward the oral end of the body, bringing the anus near the mouth, either within or without the circlet of lophophoral tentacles, whence the terms ento- proc to us and ectoproct ous . There is a well-defined nervous and the anus. The respiratory system is represented by the ciliated tentacles exsertile from the body-sac. There is no heart. The Polyzoa are her- maphrodite, and the sexual or- gans are con- tained within tion, and prop a- gation by bud- tion, they exhibit in many cases a proce of dis- continuous gem- mation. These creatures chiefly marine repens , one of the Polyzoa , with several poly incrusting sub- merged stones, shells, wood, seaweed, and other objects; but some inhabit fresh water. There is great diversity in size, form, and outward aspect. Some resemble corals, or polyps of various kinds, and all were confounded with various cælenterates under the name of corallines . Though quite definite as a cla , the systematic position of the Polyzoa has been much disputed. Besides having been cla ed as radiates, zoöphytes, and polyps, they been regarded ( a ) as worms, and approximated to the Rotifer a , being sometimes a ociated with the rotifers as a cla of Vermes ; (b) as worms, and approximated to the Gephyrea ; (c) as molluscoids, and a ociated with the brachiopods as a division apart called Mala cos col ices ; (d) as molluscoids, and a ociated with brachiopods and tunicates in a division Molluscoidea ; (e) or as mollusks, cla ed with brachiopods and lamellibranchs in a group called Lipocephala . Their proper position is near or with the brachiopods. The di- vision of the Polyzoa into orders, etc., is not le disputed. Regarded as related to the siphunculoid gephyrean worms, the Polyzoa have been considered to form a third section, called Eupolyzoa , or Polyzoa proper, of such organisms (the other two being Pterobranchia and Vermiform i a ), and then divided into two subcla es - Ectoproct a , with anus external to the circlet of tentacles, and Endoproct a , with anus inter- nal to the tentacles-the former consisting of two orders, Phylactolæmat a and Gymnolæmat a . Again, the Polyzoa proper have been directly divided into (a) Gymnolæmat a , consisting of the Chi los to mat a , Cyclo stomata , and Ctenosto- mat a , without epistome, and Phylactolæmat a , with an epistome, these latter being commonly called the fresh- water polyzoans . The families and genera are numerous, and date back to the Silurian. A member of the cla was named a polyzoa by J. Vaughan Thompson in 1830; in 1831 Ehrenberg named the cla Bryozoa , and the two names have since continued in alternative usage. 2. In Protozoa , the polyzoan radiolarians: an- other name of the Polycyttaria or Collozoa . polyzoal (pol-i-zō'al), a . [ polyzoa + -al .] Same as polyzoan . polyzoan (pol-i-zō'an), a . and n. [ polyzoa + -an.] I. a. Consisting of many zoöids, poly- pides, or persons in one compound or colonial aggregate; specifically, pertaining to the Poly- zoa , or having their characters; bryozoan. II. n. 1. A member of the Polyzoa ; a poly- zoön.-2. An individual element of a com- pound polyzoön; a polypide. polyzoarial (pol i-zo-ā'ri-al), a . [ polyzoari- um + -al .] 1. Of or pertaining to a polyzoary. Pom acanthus (pō-ma-kan′thus), n . [NL. (La- cépède, 1802), πῶμα , a lid, cover, + ἄκαν- da , a thorn.] A genus of chætodont fishes in which the pre operculum has a strong spine at its angle. They are numerous in tropical seas, and many of them are brilliantly colored. P. ciliaris is a West In- dian fish, occasional on the south Atlantic coast of the United States, called angel - fish and is a be lite . See angel- fish , 2. pomace (pum'ās), n . [Formerly also puттасе , pomice ; * poтасе , pomacium , cider, pomum , an apple, etc.: see pome . Cf. pomage and pomade1.] 1. The substance of apples or of similar fruit crushed by grind- ing. -2. Fish-scrap or refuse of fishes from which the oil has been extracted. It is dried by exposure to the sun and ground up into fish-guano. Pomace is very extensively manufactured from the men- haden. Crude pomace is called chum . 3. The cake left after expre ing castor-oil from the beans. Pomaceæ (po-ma'sē-ē), n. pl . [NL. (Ju ieu, 1789), fem. pl. of pomaccus : see pomaceous .] urine. One of the Pom a cent rid a. Cow-pilot (Glyph i dod on saxatilis). Pomacentridæ centrus, with pseudo branch iæ, ctenoid scales, 34 gills, and from 5 to 7 branch ios teg als; the coral-fishes. They are fishes of tropical seas, like the chætodonts, feeding on animals and vegetable organisms on coral reefs. There are about 15 genera and 160 species. The principal genera are Pomacentrus and Glyph i dod on; seven species of the forner and two of the latter, among them G. saxatilis, reach the coast of the United States or its vicinity. Also called Ctenolabridæ and Glyph i dod on tidæ. pom a centroid (pō-ma-sen'troid), a. and n. I. a. Resembling, related to, or belonging to the family Pomacentridæ. II. n. A fish of the family Pomacentridæ . Pomacentrus (pō-ma-sen'trus), n. [NL. (Lacépède, 1802), prop. Pomatocentrus , κέντρον , center.] The typical genus of Pomacentridæ , having incisiform teeth fixed in one series. Numerous species inhabit tropical seas, a few reaching southern waters of the United States. These Pomacentrus brevirostris. fishes are collectively known by the book-name of demo i selles. P. leu cost ictus is West Indian and Florid i an. P. brevirostris is a Cuban species. P. rubicund us is the well. known garibaldi of the California coast, sometimes placed in another genus, Hypsypops, having the opercle and teeth entire. Also Pomatocentrus. pomaceous1 (pō-mā'shius), a. [ Autumn paints A us on i an hills with grapes: whilst English plains Blush with pomaceous harvests, breathing sweets. J. Philips , Cider, ii. 2. Having the character of a pome; belonging to the Pomeӕ.