Orléans, Hélène Louise Élisabeth d' Orlando (ôr-lan'dō)

1. The Italian form of Roland (which see). - 2. In Shakspere's comedy "As you Like it," the younger brother of Oliver, and lover of Rosalind. Orlando Furioso (or-län ́dō fö-rē-ōsō). [It., 'Orlando Mad.'] A metrical romance by Ariosto, 40 cantos of which were published in 1515, to which he added 5 more before his death in 1533. Sir John Haring ton's translation was published in 1591. It is a continuation of Boiardo's "Orlando In nam or a to," but it begins at a point before the end of Boiardo's work. Orlando's madne is occasioned by the falsene of Angelica. Orlando Furioso, The History of. A play by Robert Greene, produced probably about 15881589. It was revived in 1592, printed in 1594. Greene makes Orlando marry Angelica. Orlando In nam or a to (en-nä-mō-rä'to). ['Orlando Enamoured.] A metrical romance by Boiardo, on the love of Orlando or Roland for Angelica. The hero, however, is really Rogero. Boiardo left it unfinished in 1494, and Ariosto wrote his "Orlando Furioso" as its sequel. Boiardo's poem was remodeled in a lively style by Berni. Orléanais (or-lā-ä-nā'). An ancient govern ment of France. Capital, Orleans. It was bounded by Île-de-France on the north, Champagne and Burgundy on the east, Nivernais on the southeast, Berry on the south, and Touraine on the west. It comprised, besides Orléanais proper, Gâtina is, Beauce, and Sologne. It corresponded mainly to the departments of Loiret, Loir-et-Cher, Eure-etLoir, and parts of Seine-et-Oise, Indre-et-Loire, Nièvre, Cher, and Sarthe. Orleanists (or'le-an-ists). In French politics, the adherents of the princes of the Orléans family. The family is descended from a younger brother of Louis XIV., and has furnished one sovereign, Louis Philippe (who reigned 1830-48). about He was blinded, with the aid of Dionyon the Loire in lat. 47° 54′ N., long. 1° 54′ regained his sight by opening his eyes to the rays of the rising sun. He was slain by Artemis. After his death he was changed to a constellation. 2. A constellation situated in the southern hem i- sphere with respect to the ecliptic, but having the equinoctial cro ing it nearly in the middle. This constellation is represented by the figure of a giant with a sword by his side. It contains seven stars which are very conspicuous to the naked eye: four of these form a quadrangle, and the other three are situated in the middle of it in a straight line, forming what is called the Belt or Girdle of Orion. They are also popularly called Jacob's Staff , Our Lady's Wand , the Yard - wand , etc. Orion also contains a remarkable nebula. Oriskany (ō-ris'kā-ni). A village in Oneida County, New York, 7 miles northwest of Utica. Here, Aug. 6, 1777, the Americans under Herkimer de- feated the British and Indians. See Herkimer . Ori a (ō-ris'sä). A province in the southwest- ern part of the lieutenant-governorship of Ben- gal, British India, bordering on the Bay of Ben- gal. It was formerly a Hindu kingdom; later was under Mogul and Mahratta rule; and was acquired by the British in 1803. Area, 9,853 square miles. Population (1891), 4,047,352. Oristano (ō-ris-tä'no). A town in the province of Cagliari, Sardinia, situated on the Tirso, near the western coast, 54 miles north-northwest of Cagliari. It has a cathedral. Population (1881), 7,031. Orléans (or-la-on'), Eng. Orleans (ôr'lē-anz). [Formerly also Orleaunce, ME. Orleans, Or leauns , Orliauns , OF. Orleans , Orlians , LL. Au reliani, or Aurelian ens is , Aurelian's (city).] The capital of the department of Loiret, France, sitE.: the medieval Aurelian i, and probably the ancient Genabum. It has important commerce in wool, wines, grain, timber, oil, etc., and manufactures of blankets, hosiery, worsted, vinegar, etc. The cathedral is a building of great size, rebuilt by Henry IV. (begun in 1601) in as close an approximation as po ible to the architecture of the original Pointed cathedral destroyed by the Huguenots. The façade, with its 5 portals and 2 lofty towers, is of gingerbread work; but much of the chevet and apsidal chapels belongs to the earlier church, and is very fine. The five-aisled interior is 485 feet long, and the nave 100 high. Orléans was a town of the Carnutes. It was destroyed by Cæsar, but was rebuilt by Aurelian, occupying an important military position. It was unsucce fully besieged by Attila in 451; was a leading town from the Me roving i an times; and was the chief place of Orléanais. The famous siege of it commenced by the English Oct. 12, 1428, was raised in May, 1429, in consequence of the a aults of the relieving forces under Joan of Arc (see the extract). It was a Huguenot center about 1563. A victory of the Germans ov over the French, Oct. 11, 1870, was accompanied by the capture of the city. The French retook it in Nov.; but in the severe fighting of Dec. 2-4 they were worsted, and the Germans again occupied it. Population (1901), 67,539. The Loire, flowing first northwards, then westwards, protects, by its broad sickle of waters, this portion of Gaul, and the Loire itself is commanded at its most point by that city which, known in Cæsar's day as Genabum, had taken the name Aurelian i from the great Emperor, the conqueror of Zenobia, and is now called Orléans. Three times has Aurelian i played an eminent part in the history of Gaul. There broke out the great insurrection of B. C. 52 against the victorious Cæsar; there Attila's host, in A. D. 451, received their first repulse; and there in 1429, the maid of Domremy, by forcing the Duke of Bedford to raise the siege, wrested from the English Plant a genets their last chance of ruling in France. Orizaba (ō-rē-thä'Bä). A city of Mexico, in the state of Vera Cruz, Mexico, 64 miles west-southwest of Vera Cruz. Population (1894), 19,775. Orizaba, Peak of. A slumbering pyramidal volcano, 16 miles northwest of Orizaba. It is the Orléans, Charles, Duc d'. Born May 26, 1391: highest mountain in Mexico, and, with the po ible excерtion of Mount Logan, the highest in North America. Height of Orizaba (Heilprin, 1890), 18,205 feet; (Scovell, 1892), 18,314 feet. Orkhan (or-chän'). Died 1359. Sultan or emir of the Turks 1326-59, son of Othman. Orkney (ôrk'ni). A county of Scotland, consisting of the Orkney Islands. Orkney and Shetland (shet'land). A former county of Scotland, divided in 1889. See Ork ney Islands and Shetland Islands . Orkney (ôrk'ni) Islands. [Icel. Orkneyjar , Orcades Islands ( ey , pl. eyjar , island), the first element being prob. confused with orkn , örkn , a seal.] A group of islands north of Scotland, from which they are separated by Pentland Firth: the ancient Orcades. Chief town, Kirkwall. They form a distinct county, and are about 67 in number, 29 being inhabited. The principal island is Mainland; surface generally low (hilly in Hoy and parts of Mainland); chief occupations, agriculture and fisheries. The ancient inhabitants were Picts: they were Christian ized by Irish mi ionaries. The islands were acquired by the North men in the 8th and 9th centuries, and ruled by jarls. In 1231 they pa ed to the Earls of Angus, etc., and in 1468 to the Scottish crown. Denmark renounced its claims of sovereignty in 1590. Area, 376 square miles. Population (1891), 30,453.