Cromwell, Thomas

EARL OF ESSEX, chief minister to Henry VIII., в. about 1490. He was the son of a blacksmith, appears to have served in the Italian wars for a time, and on his return to England entered the service of Cardinal Wolsey, won his esteem, and was faithful to him in his disgrace. He then entered the king's service, and obtained, with his favor, many of the highest offices of state. He was privy-councillor, principal seсretary of state, and, about 1536, vicar-general, and vicegerent, in all matters of religion. C. was the friend of Cranmer, and contributed by various measures to the establishment of the reformed doctrines and worship. In 1539 he was created earl of E ex, but he soon lost the favor of the king. In 1540 he was imprisoned, attainted on charges of treason, heresy, and extortion, was not allowed to make any defence, and was executed on Tower Hill, July 28, 1540. He did not fall like a brave man, but made the most abject entreaties to the king for his mercy. His character and measures are painted in most unlike colors by writers of different parties. Cromwell, in Connecticut, a town and township of Middle sex co. Pop. (1897) abt. 2,000. Cromwell, in Indiana , a post-office of Noble co. Cromwell, in Ky ., a vill. and twp. of Ohio co. don co. IMG:content-0424.png:[blocks in formation] Cron's tadt ( kron's tat .) (Ger. Kronstadt ; Hung. Bras so.] A walled city of the Austrian empire, in Transylvania, cap. of co. of same name, in the "Saxon-land," 120 m. S.E. of Klausenburg. This is the largest, most populous, and chief commercial town of the prov., po e ing many fine public buildings, and a motley population of various nationalities. Manuf . Woollens, stock ings, skins, leather, wooden-wares, . It enjoys a good transit trade. Pop . (1897) 32,274. Cron's tadt, a strongly fortified maritime town of European Ru ia, govt. of St. Petersburg, of which city it is the port, besides being the principal station of the Ru ian navy. It stands on the S.E. extremity of the island of Kotline in the Gulf of Finland, about 20 m. W. of the capital, with which it connects by regular steam communication. Its shape is triangular, its base being towards the S. Being, as it were, the advanced outwork of St. Petersburg, C. is very strongly fortified. The narrow channel which bounds the island of Kotline S., and is the only practicable pa age from the Gulf of Finland to the cap., is protected on the side of C. by a fortre erected on a detached islet; and on the opposite side by the batteries of the Riesbank, and the castle of Cronslot. Ci's streets are regular and well paved, with one-storied wooden houses. There are many fine buildings here belonging to the govt., as the naval hospital, arsenal, admiralty, cannon-foundry, . On the S. side of the town are three ports: the E., or Imperial port, will accommodate 35 ships of the line; the second, or Middle port, is used chiefly for the repair and equipment of ships; the W., or Mercantile port , will contain 600 ve els of any size. The harbor is liable to be blocked up with ice for months. Two-thirds of the external commerce of Ru ia is carried on through C. C. is connected with St. Petersburg by a sea canal 20 m. long, with a depth of 22 ft., commenced in 1878, opened 1885, thus practically bringing the sea to the capital, and making that city a port of entry. Pop . (1895) 42,603. Cron's tedtite, n. ( Min .) A rhombohedral mineral occurring in hexagonal prisms, or amorphous. It is an hydrated silicate of iron, named after the Swedish min eralogist Cronstedt.