Dowden, Transcripts and Studies, p

229. House of the Seven Gables, The. A novel by Hawthorne, published in 1851. It shows the transmi ion of personal character and the blighting influence of evil action to succeeding generations. Houses of Parliament, London. See Parlia IMG:content-0613.png:[blocks in formation] Hou a. See Hausa . Hou ain, or Hu an. See Hasan . Hou aye (ö-sā'), orig. Hou et, Arsène. Born at Bruyères, near Laon, France, March 28, 1815: died Feb. 26, 1896. A French critic, novelist, and littérateur. In 1848 he was for a short time entangled in politics. In 1849 he became director of the Comédie Française. He resigned in 1856, having put over a hundred plays by the best-known dramatists on the stage. He wrote "La galerie de portraits du XVIIIe siècle" (1844); "His to ire de la peinture flamande et hollandaise" (1846); "L'Empire, c'est la paix," a cantata, composed for Rachel after the coup d'état of 1851, besides a large nuenitical novels, five six volumes of poems, a number of works, histories, etc., among which are "Le roi Voltaire, etc." (1858), "His to ire de l'art français" (1860), "Molière, etc." (1880), "Le livre de minuit" (1887), and "Confe ions, etc." (1885-91). Hou aye, Henri. Born at Paris, Feb. 24, 1848. A French historian and critic, son of Arsène Hou aye. His chief work is "His to ire d'Alcibiade et de la république athénienne, etc." (1873). Houston (hus'ton or houston). A city and the capital of Harris County, Texas, situated on Buffalo Bayou 45 miles northwest of Galveston. It is an important railway, commercial, and manufacturing center. Its trade is chiefly in cotton, cotton-oil, sugar, and lumber. It was settled in 1836, and was the temporary capital of the State in 1837. Population (1900), 44,683. Houston (hus'ton or hous'ton), Sam. Born near Lexington, Va., March 2, 1793: died at Huntsville, Texas, July 25, 1863. An American general and statesman. He served in the War of 1812; was a member of Congre from Tenne ee 18231827; was governor of Tenne ee 1827-29; as commander in-chief of the Texans defeated the Mexicans at San Jacinto April, 1836; was president of Texas 1836-38 and 184118443; was United States senator from Texas 1845-59; and was governor of Texas 1859-61. Houyhnhnms (hou ́inmz or höʻinmz). A community of horses described as endowed with reason and intelligence, in the fourth part of "Gulliver's Travels," by Jonathan Swift. The Houyhnhnms, beings endowed with reason but undisturbed and untempted by the pa ions or struggles of an earthly existence, are not brutes, and are not to be compared with men. Tucker man , Hist. of Prose Fiction, p. 177. Hoveden, Roger of. See Roger . Howadji, The. A pseudonym of George William Curtis. Howard (hou'ärd), Catharine. Executed Feb. 12, 1542. Daughter of Lord Edmund Howard, and fifth queen of Henry VIII. whom she married July 28, 1540. She was convicted of adultery and condemned as a traitor. Howard, Frederick, fifth Earl of Car lisle. Born May 28,1748: died at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, England, Sept. 4, 1825. An English politician, viceroy of Ireland 1780-82. He was chief of the commi ioners sent to America by Lord North in 1778. Howard, George William Frederick, seventh Earl of Car lisle: earlier Viscount Morpeth. Born at London, April 18, 1802: died at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, England, Dec. 5, 1864. An English statesman. He was chief secretary for Ireland 1835-41; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster 1850-52; and lord lieutenant of Ireland 1855-58 and 1859-64. Не wrote "Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters" (1854), and other works in prose and verse. Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey. Born about 1517: beheaded on Tower Hill, London, Jan. 21, 1547. An English poet. He was known in youth as "Henry Howard of Kenning hall," from an estate owned by his grandfather in Norfolk. He received an unusually good education, and from 1530-32 lived at Windsor with the young Duke of Richmond, the natural son of Henry VIIhe accompanying the king to France in 1532. He remained at the French court for about a year. In 1541 he was installed Knight of the Garter, and in 1543 joined the English forces at Landrecies with special recommendations from Henry VIII. to Charles V., and a little later was appointed cup-bearer to the king. He was present at the surrender of Boulogne, of which he was made governor in 1545, but was recalled to England the next year. Henry VIII. was ill, and, when his death was near, Surrey's father, the Duke of Norfolk, who was premier duke, was suspected of aiming at the throne. A month before the king's death both were arrested, and the Duke of Norfolk, as peer of the realm, was tried by his peers. The Earl of Surrey, however, who had only a courtesy title, was tried by a jury picked for the occasion, who found that he "falsely, maliciously, and treacherously set up and bore the arms of Edward the Confe or, then used by the Prince of Wales, mixed up and joined with his own proper arms." He had borne these arms without question in the presence of the king, as the Howards before him had done since their grant by Richard II. He was tried for high treason and beheaded. His poems were first printed as "Songs and Sonetes" in "Tottel's Miscellany" in 1557, with those of Sir Thomas Wyatt. He was the first English writer of blank verse, translating the second and fourth books of the Æneid into this form, and with Wyatt he introduced the sonnet into English literature. Lon Howard, John. Born probably at Hackney, don, Sept. 2, 1726: died at Kherson, Ru ia, Jan. 20, 1790. An English philanthropist, celebrated for his exertions in behalf of prison reform. He was appointed high sheriff of Bedford shire in 1773, and the acquaintance with prison abuses which he gained in the office led to his career as a reformer. After a careful personal inspection of the prisons of England, Scotland, and Ireland, he visited those of Paris, Holland, Flanders, Germany, and Switzerland, and later made a second tour in England. He published "The State of the Prisons in Eng land and Wales, etc." (1777). He made other continental tours of inspection in 1778, 1781, 1783, and 1785, during the last of which he inspected the condition of the lazarettos. Howells of Bull Run and Fair Oaks, a division at the battles of Antietam and Fred ericks burg, and an army corps at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mi ionary Ridge, and Chattanooga; and led the right wing of Sherman's army in the march from Atlanta to the sea. He was chief of the Freedmen's Bureau 1865-74, and was promoted major-general in 1886. He retired in 1894. Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey and second Duke of Norfolk. Born in 1443: died May 21, 1524. An English soldier and politician. He defeated the Scots at Flodden Field, Sept. 9, 1513. Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey and third Duke of Norfolk. Born in 1473: died at Kenning hall, Aug. 25, 1554. An English soldier and politician. He became lord high treasurer in 1523, and, on the marriage of his niece Catharine Howard to Henry VIII. in 1540, gained great influence at court. Through the in fluence of his rival the Earl of Hertford, he was ordered for execution on the charge of treason in 1547, but was saved by the death of Henry VIII. Howard, Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk. Born March 10, 1536: died June 2, 1572. An English politician, son of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. He was the first subject in England under Elizabeth, inasmuch as there were no princes of the blood and he was the po e or of the highest title of nobility. He was ap pointed lieutenant of the northern counties in 1559. He aspired to become the husband of Mary Queen of Scots, and joined a conspiracy for her liberation, in consequence of which he was executed on the charge of treason. Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel. Born July 7, 1586: died at Padua, Italy, Oct. 4, 1646. An English nobleman. He was employed in various diplomatic mi ions; and formed the first large collection of works of art in England, part of which was presented to the University of Oxford by his grandson under the name of the A run deli an marbles. Howard University. An institution of learning at Washington, District of Columbia, founded in 1867, and designed especially for the higher education of the colored race, but open to all races and creeds. It comprises preparatory, normal, collegiate, theological, medical, law, and industrial courses. It has about 50 instructors and 700 students. Howe (hou), Elias. Born at Spencer, Ma ., July 9, 1819: died at Brooklyn, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1867. An American inventor. He completed the first sewing-machine in 1845 (patented in 1846). Howe, George August us, Viscount Howe. Born 1724: killed at Ticonderoga, N. Y., July 8, 1758. A British general, brother of Earl Howe. Howe, John. Born at Lough borough, Leicestershire, England, May 17, 1630: died at London, April 2, 1705. An English Puritan clergy tershire, man. He became domestic chaplain to Cromwell, and settled in London in 1675. His complete works were published in 1724, including the "Living Temple of God" (1676-1702). Howe, Joseph. Born near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Dec. 13, 1804: died at Halifax, June 1, 1873. A Canadian politician. He became secretary of state and superintendent-general of Indian affairs in 1870, and in 1873 was appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. His "Speeches and Public Letters," edited by W. Annand, were published in 1858. Howe, Mrs. (Julia Ward). Born at New York, May 27, 1819. An American poet and philanthropist, wife of S. G. Howe. Her poems were collected in "Pa ion Flowers" (1854), "Words for the Hour" (1856), and "Later Lyrics" (1866: including "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," which was written during a visit to the camps near Washington in 1861). She has also written "Sex in Education" (1874), "Modern Society" (1880), "Margaret Fuller, etc." (1883). Howe, Richard, first Earl Howe. Born at London, March 8, 1726: died Aug. 5, 1799. An English admiral. He was made vice-admiral in 1775, and in Feb., 1776, appointed commander-in-chief in America. Here he conducted the English naval operations after the beginning of the Revolution until 1778, when he returned to England. He was first lord of the admiralty 17831788. On June 1, 1794, he defeated the French off Ushant. In 1796 he was promoted admiral of the fleet. Howe, Samuel Gridley. Born at Boston, Nov. 10, 1801: died at Boston, Jan. 9, 1876. An American philanthropist. He became superintendent of the Perkins Institute for the Blind at South Boston in 1832, and was United States commi ioner to Santo Domingo in 1871. He published "Historical Sketches of the Greek Revolution" (1828), etc. sia for the purpose of examining the military hospitals. While engaged in this work he was attacked by camp-fever and died. He was buried at Dophinovka. His labors led to many important reforms. Howard, John Eager. Born in Baltimore County, Md., June 4, 1752: died at Baltimore, Oct. 12, 1827. An American Revolutionary officer and politician. He served at the Cowpens in 1781, and was governor of Maryland 1789-92 and United States senator 1796-1803. Howard, Oliver Otis. Born at Leeds, Maine, Nov. 8, 1830. A Union general in the American Civil War. He commanded a brigade at the battles Howe, William, Viscount Howe. Born Aug. 10, brother of Earl Howe. He succeeded Gage as com mander-in-chief in America 1775; commanded at Bunker Hill 1775; and gained the victories of Long Island, White Plains (1776), Brandy wine, and German town (1777). Howell (hou'el), James. Born in Wales about 1595: died 1666. An English author, best known for his "Letters" (1645-55). He edited the third and fourth editions of Cotgrave's "French and English Dictionary" (1650 and 1660), and compiled a polyglot dictionary, "Lexicon Tetraglotton" (1660), with a cla ified nomenclator, lists of proverbs, etc. Howells (hou'elz), William Dean. Born at Martinsville, Belmont County, Ohio, March 1, Howells 1837. An American novelist and poet. He was United States consul at Venice 1861-65; editor-in-chief of the "Atlantic Monthly" 1871-81; an a ociate editor of "Harper's Magazine" 1886-91. He published "Poems of Two Friends" (with J. J. Piatt, 1860), "Venetian Life" (1866), "Italian Journeys" (1869), "Poems" (1867). Among his chief novels are "Their Wedding Journey" (1872), "A Chance Acquaintance" (1873), "A Foregone Conclusion" (1874), "The Lady of the A roos took" (1875), "The Undiscovered Country" (1880), "Dr. Breen's Practice" (1881), "A Modern Instance" (1882), “A Woman's Reason" (1883), "The Rise of Silas Lapham" (1885), "The Minister's Charge" (1886), "Annie Kilburn" (1888), "World of Chance" (1893). He has also written a number of short comedies Howe's Cave (houz kāv). A large and remarkable cave near Schoharie, New York. and farces. He edited "Cosmopolitan" in Howitt (hou'it), Mrs. (Mary Botham). Born at Uttoxeter, England, about 1804: died at Rome, 1888. An English authore , wife and collaborator of William Howitt. Among her separate works are translations from Fred erik a Bremer and Hans Andersen, and juvenile works. Her autobiography was edited by her daughter (1889). Howitt, William. Born at Heanor, Derby shire, England, 1792: died at Rome, March 3, 1879. An English poet and miscellaneous author. He wrote "Book of the Seasons" (1831), "Rural Life of England" (1838), "Visits to Remarkable Places" (1840-42), "Rural and Domestic Life of Germany" (1842), "History of the Supernatural, etc." (1863), "Northern Heights London, etc." (1869), etc.; jointly with his wife, "Literature and Romance of Northern Europe" (1852), "Ruined Abbeys and Castles of Great Britain" (1862-64), of the Wye, etc. (1863), of Yorkshire (1865), of the Border (1865). Howle-gla . See Eulenspiegel . Howrah (hou'rä). A suburb of Calcutta, situated west of that city on the Hugli. Population (1891), 116,606. Howson (hou's on), John Saul. Born at Giggles wick, Yorkshire, England, May 5, 1816: died at Bourne mouth, Hants, England, Dec. 15, 1885. An English clergyman and author. He published, jointly with W. J. Cony be are, "Life and Epistles of St. etc. (1850-52), and wrote "Metaphors of St. Paul" (1868), Howth (houth). A peninsula in County Dublin, Ireland, on the northern side of Dublin Bay. Höxter (hėks'ter). A manufacturing town in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, situated on the Weser 43 miles south-southwest of Hannover. Near it is the castle of Corvei. It has a church of St. Kilian. Formerly it was a free imperial city and Hanseatic town. Population (1890), commune, 6,645. Hoxton (hoks'ton). A district in Shore ditch and Hackney, London. "It was sometimes called Hogsdon and Hog Lane.. In the 'Domesday' record it is entered as Hocheston, and in a lease of the time of Edward III. it is mentioned as Hogg est on.... Hoxton has long been noted for the number of its charitable institutions." Walter Thornbury , Old and New London, V. 524. ( Walford .) Hoy (hoi). An island of the Orkneys, southwest of Pomona. It is high and picturesque. Length, 13 miles. Hoyden (hoi'den), Mi . The daughter of Sir Tunbelly Clumsy in Vanbrugh's comedy "The Relapse," a pert and amorous country girl. She was a great favorite with both actre es and audiences. Hoyle (hoil), Edmund. Born 1672: died at London, Aug. 29, 1769. An English writer on games. He published "Short Treatise" on whist (1742: included in his book on games). Hoz (ōth), Pedro Sanchez de. Died at Santiago, Chile, 1548. A Spaniard who, in 1537, received from Charles V. authority to conquer and colonize Chile. Pizarro had already given the same right to Valdivia, and to avoid conflict he arranged that the two should be a ociated in the enterprise (1539). Valdivia speedily became the real leader, but Hoz re ceived rich grants of land and Indians. During Valdivia's absence in Peru he plotted to seize the command: the plan was discovered by Villagra, and Hoz was beheaded. Hrabanus Maurus. See Rabanus . Hradschin. See Prague . Hrotsvitha. See Roswitha . Huaina Capac, or Huayna Ccapac (wä-e'nä käʻpäk). Born at Tumibamba about 1450: died Nov., 1525. The eleventh Inca ruler of Peru. subordinate to the Chancas until both tribes were conquered by the Inca Pachacutec Yupanqui, about 1420. Their descendants are now merged in the general population of Peru. Huancavelica (wän-kä-vā-lēʼkä). 1. A department of central Peru. Area, 10,814 square miles. Population, about 100,000.-2. The capital of the department of Huancavelica, situated about 170 miles southeast of Lima. It was formerly one of the richest cities in Peru, and was noted for its quicksilver mines, now abandoned. Population, about 5,000. Huancavillcas (wän-kä-vēl käs). A powerful tribe of Indians, presumably of Quichua stock, who formerly inhabited the lowlands of eastern Ecuador, between the river Daule and the sea. They were conquered by Huaina Capac about 1500, and, under Inca domination, occupied the same region at the time of the Spanish conquest. Their descendants are merged in the general population of the Guayaquil valley. Huancayo (wän-käʼyō). A city of Peru, in the southwestern part of the department of Junin, in the valley of Jauja, 10,880 feet above the sea. It gave its name to the constitution promulgated there Nov. 10, 1839, which was finally superseded by that of Nov. 25, 1860. Population, about 5,000. Huanta (wän'tä). A town in the department of Ayacucho, Peru, about 200 miles southeast of Lima. Population, about 4,000. Huánuco (wä'nö-kō), or Guánuco (gwä'nö-kō). 1. A central department of Peru, comprehending part of the upper valley of the Huallaga with the adjacent mountains. The mountains are rich in min erals, and the valleys near the Huallaga are covered with forest. Huánuco corresponds to an Inca province or region of the same name. It was settled by Gomez de Alvarado in 1539. Area, 23,000 square miles. Population, about 80,000. 2. The capital of the department of Huánuco, situated near the river Huallaga 170 miles north northeast of Lima, founded in 1542. Population, about 7,500. Huánuco Viejo, or Huánuco el Viejo (wä'nökō el ve-ā'Hō). An ancient Indian town of Peru, about 40 miles west-northwest of the present city of Huánuco. The remains of Incan architecture found here are among the finest in existence. The place was settled by the Spaniards in 1539, but abandoned soon after for the present capital. Some silver-mines in the vicinity were worked in the 18th century. Huaqui (wä'kē). A place on the Desaguadero River, Bolivia. It is notable for the battle of June 20, 1811, in which the Spanish forces under Goyeneche defeated the patriots of Buenos Ayres and Upper Peru under Castelli. Huaraca (wä-räʼkä). A great festival of the ancient Peruvians, held at the time of the summer solstice. The youths who had attained sufficient age and strength were then admitted to military rank, with various ceremonies and tests of endurance. Huaraz (wä-räth'). The capital of the department of Ancachs, Peru, situated on the river Santa about 200 miles north by west of Lima. Population, about 17,000. Huarina (wä-rē nä). A plain at the southeastern extremity of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. It gave its name to the battle of Oct. 20, 1547, in which Gonzalo Pizarro and his lieutenant Carvajal defeated Diego Centeno. Huascar (wäs'kär), or Inti Cusi Hualpa (en'tē kö'sē wäl'pä). Born about 1495 (according to Cieza de Leon, in 1500): died at And a marc a, Jan., 1533. An Inca chief. At the death of his father, Huaina Capac (Nov., 1525), the empire was divided between Huascar and his illegitimate brother, Atahualpa. Huascar had the southern and larger part, with his capital at Cuzco. War broke out between the two, and Huascar was eventually defeated and captured (1532). After Atahualpa was seized by Pizarro he feared that the Spaniards would interfere in favor of his brother, and by his secret orders Huascar was drowned. Huastecs (wäs'teks). A tribe of Indians near the coast of eastern Mexico, in southern Tamaulipas and northern Vera Cruz. By their language they are allied to the Mayas of Yucatan, and those ethnologists who hold that the Mayas came from the north believe that the Huastecs were a tribe left behind during their migration. At the time of the conquest they lived in villages, generally of wooden houses, and practised agriculture. They readily submitted to the whites, and have long been Christian i zed. Also written Huastecas , Huах tecos, and Guatescos . According to Blas Valera he had ruled 42 years at the time of his death. Balboa says 33 years. He completed the con- quests of his father, Tupac Inca Yupanqui, penetrating far south into Chile and subduing the province of Quito, where Peru, now the province of Ancachs. Also writ- Huatusos. See Guatusos . Huaylas (wi'läs). A colonial in ten den cia of he fought a memorable battle. During his reign the Inca empire attained its greatest extent and splendor. At his death it was divided between his two sons, Huascar and Atahualpa. Hualapai. See Walapai . Huallaga (wäl-yä'gä). A river of Peru which flows north and joins the Amazon about lat. 5o 6' S., long. 75° 40′ W. Length, about 650 miles. Huamanga See Guamanga . Huancas (wän'käs). An ancient tribe of Peruvian Indians, of Quichua stock and language, who inhabited a portion of the present department of Junin (province of Jauja). They were ten Huailas . Huayna Ccapac. See Huaina Сарас . Hubbard (hub'ärd), William. Born in England, 1621: died at Ipswich, pswich, Ma ., Sept. 14, 1704. An American historian and clergyman. He wrote a "History of New England" (published 1815), and a "Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New England" Hubbardton (hub'ärd-ton). A town in Rutland County, western Vermont, 14 miles northwest of Rutland. Here, July 7, 1777, the British under Fraser defeated the Americans under Francis and Warner. Population (1900), 488. (1677). Hudibras Huber (ü-bar'), François. Born at Geneva, July 2, 1750: died near Geneva, Dec. 31, 1831. A Swi naturalist, best known from his obser vations on the honey-bee. He was the author of "Nouvelles observations sur les abeilles" (1792), "Mémoire l'influence de l'air et des diverses substances gazeuses dans la germination des différentes plantes" (1801). Не early became blind from exce ive study, and conducted his scientific work thereafter with the aid of his wife. Huber (hö'ber), Johannes. Born at Munich, Aug. 18, 1830: died at Munich, March 19, 1879. A German philosophical writer and leader of the Old Catholic party, profe or of philosophy (1855, extraordinary; 1864, ordinary) at Munich: author of "Philosophie der Kirchenväter" (1859), "Das Papsttum und der Staat" (1870), "Der Jesuitenorden" (1873), etc. Huber, Johann Rudolf. Born at Basel, Switzerland, 1668: died 1748. A Swi historical painter, sometimes called "the Tin to ret to of Switzerland." Huber, Madame (Therese Heyne). Born at Göttingen, Pru ia, May 7, 1764: died at Augsburg, Bavaria, June 15, 1829. A German author, wife first of G. Forster, and after his death of L. F. Huber, and daughter of C. G. Heyne. Her "Erzählungen" ("Tales") were published 1830-33. Huber, Victor Aimé. Born at Stuttgart, Würtemberg, March 10,1800: died near Wernigerode, in the Harz, July 19, 1869. A German literary historian and publicist, son of L. F. Huber. He became profe or at Rostock in 1833, at Marburg in 1826, and at Berlin in 1843. He retired in 1850. He wrote "Die Geschichte des Cid" (1829), "Chronic a del Cid" (1844), " Die neuromantische Poesie in Frankreich" (1833), "Die englischen Universitäten" (1839-40), etc. Hubert (hu'bert; F. pron. ü-bar'), Saint. [L. Hubertus , It. Uberto , Sp. Pg. Huberto , F. Hubert . ] Died 727. A bishop of Liège, the traditional patron of hunters. Hubert. A character in Shakspere's "King John." He is Hubert de Burgh, justice of England, created earl of Kent. He died 1243. Hubert de Burgh. See Burgh . Hubertusburg (hö-ber'tös-börg). A castle near Wermsdorf, Saxony, 25 miles east of Leipsic. The peace of Hubertusburg was concluded here between Pru ia, Austria, and Saxony, Feb. 15, 1763, ending the