Arnold, Thomas

D D. One of the most distinguished English divines and historians of the present century: B. at Cowes, 1795. He entered Oxford university in 1811, and was elected a Fellow of Oriel Coll. in 1815. While in this position, he was the friend and contemporary of the poet Keble, of Copleston, and of Archbishop Whately. In 1828, A. was elected to the head-mastership of Rugby School, which office he held until his death, and raised it, by the enlightened system of education he inaugurated, to the highest rank among the great public schools of England. Under his auspices, the antiquated scholastic system became revolutionized. In politics he was an advanced liberal, so much so, indeed, that he was at one time denounced by some of the clergy for what they termed the Jacobin ism of his views. In 1841 he was appointed Regius Profe or of Modern History at Oxford, and D. 12th June, 1842. As a writer, A.'s works consisted mainly of a History of Rome, completed to the end of the Punic war; a Commentary on the New Testament, and a Treatise on Church and State. Fearle , disinterested, transparently truthful, religious without cant, and zealous without rancor, A. produced through life the impre ion on his warmest opponents of a man whom it was impo ible not to respect. Few men in modern times have so well realized and represented the ideal of the old knightly character as the Rugby schoolmaster. Ar'non, in Illinois , a village of Will co., about 36 m. S. from Chicago. Ar'not, in Pennsylvania , a post-office of Tioga co. Ar'not, or Ar'nut, n. [Ger. erdnu .] The earth-nut or pig-nut; the root of the Bunium bulbocastanum . Ar'nott, NEIL, MD., an eminent Scottish physicist; B.at. Aberdeen, in 1788. In 1811, he settled in medical prac- tice in London, and in 1827 published his great work, Elements of Physics, or Natural Philosophy , General and Med. Heis also known as the inventor of the " A. stove" the "A. ventilator," and the "water-bed." D. 1874. Arnot'to, n. See ANNOTто. Ar'nould, Madeleine Sophie , a celebrated French ac- tre , B. at Paris, 1744; D. 1803. Though famous as a comedienne and a singer, Sophie made herself still more illustrious by her wit, which was satirical and caustic. Many of her sayings are recorded in Arnouldiana , ou Sophie Arnould et ses Contempo rains, and still retain currency as bons mots. When the priest of St. Germain l'Auxerrois gave her the extreme unction, she suddenly said to him, "Je suis com me Magdeleine, beaucoup de péchés me seront rem is, car j'ai beaucoup aimé." Arnsberg, a town of Pru ia, in Westphalia, cap . of a circle of the same name, on the Ruhr, 57 m. N.E. of Cologne. Here the manufacture of potash is largely entered into, and there are numerous distilleries. Pop . 6,348. Aro'matize, v . a . To impregnate with aroma or fra- grant odors; to perfume. Aro'matizer, n . That which aromatizes. Aro'matous, a . Containing aroma; aromatic. Aro'na, a town of N. Italy, on the Lago Maggiore. St. Charles Borromeo was born here. Pop . 4,127. Aro'nia, n. ( Bot .) A name of the gen. Pyrus , q. v. Aroos'took, a river of the U. States, which rises in the N. of Maine, Piscataquis co., and after a N.E. course of 120 m., empties into the St. John's river in New Bruns- Arow', adv . In a row; in order. (o.) Aroynt', interj . [A word of very old use; etymology un- certain.] Begone! away! (0.) "Saint With old footed thrice the wold, He met the night-mare, and her name told, Bid her alight, and her troth plight, Ar'qua, a town of N. Italy, 12 m. S.W. of Padua, in which prov. it is situated. It is famous for having been the residence of Petrarch during the greater part of his life, and the place where he died in 1374. His sarcophagus is still to be seen. Lord Byron, in the 4th canto of "Childe Harold," says: "They keep his dust in Arqua , where he died; The mountain-village where his latter days Went down the vale of years; and 'tis their pride An honest pride and let it be their praise, To offer to the pa ing stranger's gaze Arquated, a . [Lat. arquatus .] Shaped like a bow: Arquebusade', n. [Fr., the shot of an arquebuse.] ( Med .) The name of a spirituous water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic plants, originally used for wounds inflicted by an arquebuse; afterward applied to sprains and bruises; now out of use. Arquebuse, ARQUEBUS, or HARQUEBUS, n. [Fr ar- quebuse.] ( Mil . ) A kind of hand-gun used before the invention of the musket. The earliest hand-guns were fired by applying a match with the hand to the touch-hole. Afterward a contrivance, suggested by the trigger of the cro -bow, was introduced, by means of which the burning match could be applied instantaneously. This was called an A. , and is first mentioned by Philip de Comines, in his account of the battle of Morat, in 1476. On the formation of the Yeomen of the Guard in England, in 1485, many of them were armed with the A. Its use was disc on tin- ued in England about the reign of Henry VIII., and in France during that of Henry IV. ENGLISH ARQUEBUSIER. (15th century.) Arquebu's ier, n. [Fr.] A soldier armed with an ar- quebuse. Ar'querite, n. ( Min .) A mineral of isometric form. It occurs in regular octohedrons; also in grains, small ma es, and dendrites. It resembles silver in lustre, color, and ductility, but is softer. - Comp . Silver 865, mercury 13.5 100. A. is the principal ore of the mines of Arqueros, near Coquimbo, in Chili. Ar'ques, a small, decayed town of France, dep. Seine- Inférieure, 3 m. from Dieppe. Its castle, in former ages, formed the principal bulwark of Normandy on the N., and withstood many sieges. In the neighborhood of A. , in 1589, Henri IV., of France, defeated the Leaguers under the Duc de Mayenne. Ar'ran, an island of Scotland, in Butes hire, separated from the Mull of Kintyre, by Kilbrannan Sound, and from the Ayrshire coast by the Frith of Clyde. It is 4% m. from the Isle of Bute, is about 17 m. long by 11 broad, and contains about 100,000 acres. It is very rugged and mountainous; Goatfell, the highest elevation, being 2,874 feet above the sea. and rocky. It has three deep bays, Ransa, Brodick, and Lamlash; the latter is one of the best harbors of refuge in the Frith of Clyde. The geology of A. is re- mark able. The S.E. half of the island consists of Devo- nian sandstone, and of trap rocks and carboniferous To see two knights in travel on my way, (O sorry sight!) arrang'd in battle new."- Faerie Queene. Arraca'cha, n. ( Bot .) See OXALIS. Arrack', RACK, RAKI, n. [Hind.] A strong spirituous liquor, largely used in the E. Indies and S. America, pre- pared in many ways, often from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented with the juice of cocoa-nuts, and from other substances. In Java, it is prepared in the follow- ing way: After all the sugar has been obtained from the cane, the common and impure mola es that drains off is fermented with a small quantity of rice; palm-wine is then added, and from this mixture is distilled the A. , which consequently differs but little from rum. It is Arrang'er, n . One who arranges. -To put in proper order; to dispose in an orderly manner; to adjust; to settle; to cla ify. Arrange'ment, n. Act of arranging; orderly dis- position; adjustment; settlement; cla ification. considered, and no doubt rightly, to be the most destruc- tive drink that can be placed in the human body in these hot regions. Large quantities are shipped to the cold countries of Sweden and Norway. Ar'rag on, n. ( Geog .) See ARAGON. Ar'ragonite, n. ( Min .) See ARAGONITE. Ar'rah, a town of Hindostan, and cap. of the district of Shadabad, in the British presidency of Bengal, 36 m. from Patna. During the Indian mutiny of 1857, A. was heroically defended by 20 British civilians and 50 Sikh troops, against a force of 3,000 Sepoy mutineers. Pop. about 15,000. Arraign ( ar - ran ' ), v . a. [O. Fr. arraigner , from Lat. ad . and ratio , ration is , account.] To call to account; to call for a defence or justification; to indict; to accuse; to charge; to censure. (Crim. Law.) To call a prisoner to the bar of the court, to answer the matter charged in the indictment. Arraign'ment, n. Act of arraigning; accusation; a calling in question. Ar'rantly, adv . Corruptly; shamefully. Ar'ras, a city of France, cap. of the dep. of Pas-de-Calais, 60 m. S.E. of Calais, and 100 N.N.E. of Paris, on the Bru els railway. This is a very ancient city, replete with fine old architectural remains, and also po e ing a large commerce in cotton and stuffs, hosiery, lace, pottery, . A. has been the theatre of many memo- rable historical events, and was fortified by Vauban, in the reign of Louis XIV. Robes pierre was born here, as was also Damiens, the a a in of Louis XV. Pop . 26,295. During the middle ages, A. was famed for its tapestry , richly figured hangings that adorned the halls of the kings and the nobles. They were known under the name of A .; but have been for a long time super- seded by the tapestry of the Gobelins , q. v. Ar'ras-wise, adv . ( Her .) Applied when anything of a square form is placed with one corner in front, showing the top and two of the sides, in the same way as loz- enges are set. Array', n. [Norm. araie , from ray, a robe; 0. Fr. arroy ; It. arredo , household furniture; Sw. red a , to prepare; Scot. rede , to put in order, to dre .] Preparation; equip ment; dre ; ornaments. "In this remembrance, Emily ere day Arose, and dre ed herself in rich array."-Dryden -Regular disposition of any objects for show or exhibi tion; as, "an array of flowers." The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia Arrear'age, n. [Fr. arrerage .] That part of a sum which remains behind, though due; arrears. Ar'reboe, ANDRES, a Danish theologian and poet, B. at Eroe in 1589; D. 1637. Arrect', Arrect'ed, a. Erected; erect; raised or lifted up. (R.) Ar'rington, in Virginia , a post-village of Nelson co., 24 m. N. by E. of Lynchburg. Ar'ris, n. [Fr. arête , from Lat. arista , the bone of a fish.] ( Arch . ) The intersection or line on which two surfaces of a body, forming an interior angle, meet each other. Though, in common language, the edge of a body implies the same as arris, yet, in building, the word edge is restrained to those two surfaces of a rectangular parallelopipedal body of which the length and thick- ne may be measured, as in boards, planks, doors, and other framed joinery.- A . fillet , a slight piece of timber of a triangular section, used in raising the slates against chimney shafts, or against a wall that cuts obliquely acro the roof. When the A. fillet is used to raise the slates at the eaves of a building, it is then called the eaves-board, eaves-lath, or eaves-catch. - A. gutter, a wooden gutter of the V form, fixed to the eaves of a building. Arri'val, n. [From arrive .] Act of arriving, or coming to any place. "She, like the sun, does still the same appear, Bright as she was at her arrival here." - Waller . -A coming, reaching, or gaining; attainment of anything by effort, study, or practice; as, "his arrival to the per- fection of art." -Persons or things arriving; as, "the last arrivals from California." Arrive', v. n. [Fr. arriver; It. arrivare , from Lat. ad , and rip a , bank of a river, a shore.] To come to the shore, or bank; to come to; to reach any place. "It is the highest wisdom by despising the world to arrive at heaven."-Taylor. -To happen; to befall. (0.) Arro'ba, n. [Sp.] ( Com .) A measure of weight or quan- tity, employed in various countries. In Buenos Ayres, and throughout the Argentine provinces, it is equal to 25-35 lbs. avoirdupois; and in Brazil, to 32-38 lbs. av. In Chili, the A. of 25 lbs. weight is equivalent to 25-36 lbs. av.; the A. of wines or spirits, to 6.70 imp. gallons. In Mexico, an A. of wine is = 31%, and of oil, = 234 imp. gall. In Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, an A. of weight amounts to 25-35 lbs. av.; and Peru has also an A. for measuring wines or spirits, of 6-70 imp. gallons. In Spain, the A. of wine is 3%, and of oil, 234 imp. gallons. Arrogance, Arrogancy, n . [Fr.; Lat. arrogant i a , from arrogans , from arrogo . - See ARROGATE.] Such a habit of mind and manner as seems to abuse the defer- ence of others by claiming more than one's due; as- sumption; haughtine ; presumption; pride; insolent bearing. Arrogant, a. [Fr., from Lat. arrogans .] Claiming too much; a uming; presuming; haughty; supercilious; overbearing. Arrogantly, adv . In an arrogant manner. Arrogant ne , n. Arrogance. (R.) Arrogate, v. a . [Fr. arroger , from Lat. arrogo - ad and rogo , rogatus , to ask, to claim.] To lay claim to more than is proper; to make undue claims; to demand; to a ume from pride or vanity. Arroga'tion, n. Act of arrogating; proud and unjust a umption.-( Roman Law . ) The adoption of a person of full age; while adoption, properly so called, was of a person under full age. Arrogative, a. Making undue claims; a uming. Arrondi ement. [Fr.] A term employed in France to distinguish any portion of land held under the control of civil or military authority; as, the A. of the justice of peace, the maritime A. , . Paris is divided into 18 A. , or mairies. - The Department, q. v., is subdivided into arrondi ements. Arro'quhar, or ARRO CHAR, a parish and village of Scotland, 4 m. from Ben Lomond, on the lake of that name. It is a great place of resort for tourists. Arrow, n. [A.S. arew a ; Goth. arf ; etymology uncer- tain.] The name given to the shaft which is discharged from a bow. It has three principal parts: the stele or wooden portion, the head or pile , and the feather. The wood best adapted for the shaft of an A. is ash. An A. is furnished with 3 feathers, one of which, of different color from the others, is placed uppermost on the string, and is called the cock-feather. The piles, or heads, are made either blunt or sharp, the advantage of the former kind being that they are more easily extracted than the latter. The weight of the arrow should be proportioned to the strength of the bow. For bows of 5 feet, arrows of 24 inches are commonly used, and for those of 5 feet 9 inches, arrows of 28 or 29 inches. The nock of the arrow is usually cased with horn, and should be made so as to exactly fit the string. The distance to which an A. can be sent by a good archer is generally from 200 to 250 yards. The A. of the English archers, so famous in days of yore, was usually the length of a cloth-yard; hence the designation "cloth-yard shaft."-See ARCHERY, Bow, . Ar'row (LOUGH), a lake of Ireland, in the co. Sligo. It is 5 m. in length, and covers 5,100 acres. This lake, with its numerous islands, is most picturesque. - A river of the same name; flows N.N.W. to its confluence with the Owenbeg. Arrow-gra , n. ( Bot . ) See JUN CAG IN A CEE. Arrow-head, n. The head of an arrow. IMG:content-0349.png:[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][merged small] Ar'rowy, a. Consisting of, or formed like arrows. "The lambent homage of his arrowy tongue."-Couper. Arro'yo. [Sp.] ( Geog .) A term given in Spanish-speak- ing countries to a small stream or rivulet. Arro'yo, in Pennsylvania , a post-office of Elk co. Arro'yo del Puer'co, a town of Spain, in Estrema- dura, 10 m. W. of Caceres; рор . 8,096. Arro'yo Moli'nos, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, 27 m. S.S.E. of Caceres; pop . 3,515. - Here, on the 28th of Oct., 1811, a body of the French, sent out by Soult on a foraging expedition, was surprised by a much larger English force under Lord Hill. An engagement took place, the result of which is differently appreciated by the historians of the two nations. The English took 1,300 prisoners, but the French retreated in good order. Ar'ru or Aroo Islands. See ARU. Arru'ra, n. See ARURA. Ar's aces, founder of the Part hi an monarchy. He in- duced his countrymen to rise against the Maced on i an yoke, 250 в. с., on which they raised him to the throne. A. was slain in battle, after a reign of 35 years. A. was the first of a long line of monarchs of the same name, the last of whom was put to death about 226 A. D. Arsa'cides, in the S. Pacific ocean. See SOLOMON IS LANDS.