sugar (shug'ar)

A name at first applied only to cane s. and beet s.; subsequently to any sweet crystalline substance, and, more definitely, to a cla of chemical compounds made up of the hexoses. See cane sugar and glucose. acid s. of milk. Mucic acid, acorn s. See quercite. arabin s. See arabinose. beet s. Cane sugar obtained from species of Beta, especially from Beta vulgar is. brown s. Cane s. not entirely freed from impurities and coloring matters. burnt s. Caramel, cane s. See cane sugar, under separate heading, cellulose s. S. derived from cellulose; identical with glucose, chestnut s., diabetic s. Glucose. ferment s. S. formed from starch, glycogen, and other carbohydrates by the action of the animal ferments, fruit s. Syn.: fructose, iruversive ferment. See levulose. See fructose, grape s. Glucose, gum s. See arabinose. honey s. Glucose, invert s. A product of the prolonged action of heat upon a solution of cane s. or of dilute mineral acids at 6o°. It is a mixture of dextrose and levulose, and receives its name because its solution rotates the plane of polarization to the left, while the solution of cane s. from which it is produced rotates that plane to the right. liver s. Glucose; so-called because it is the form of s. elaborated in the liver from glycogen, manna s. See mannite. maple s. S. obtained from Acer saccharinum. It is identical with cane sugar, but contains a certain amount of coloring matter and flavoring substances. milk s. See lactose, muscle s. Inosite. open-pan s. S. prepared by concentration of the cane juice in ve els of the ordinary atmospheric pre ure, pectin s. See arabinose. rag s. See glucose, refined s. White s.; cane s. purified and deprived of coloring matter. starch s. See glucose. s. candy. Rock candy, s. in urine, how to test for, see in appendix, page. s. in urine, test for amount of, see in appendix, page. s. of lead. Lead acetate, s. of milk. See lactose, s. of urine. Glucose, s. puncture. Name given to the operation of puncturing the floor of the fourth ventricle whereby the condition of glycosuria is produced, uncrystallizable s. See levulose. vacuum pan s. S. prepared by concentration of cane juice under a pre ure much le than that of the atmosphere. [Lat., sacchar urn.']