SWEDEN

kingdom, N.W. Europe KE. and larger part of Scand in avian peninsula; bounded E. by the Baltic and Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia. While Norway is a rugged mountain land, Sweden on the whole forms a great plain, very slightly elevated above sea-level. Only N. part along the Norweg. border is mountainous; highest peaks in Lappmark, where Kebnekai e rises to 7,005 ft. and Sarjektjokko to 6,970 ft. The coast formation is much simpler than that of Norway; but Sweden po e es,a much more highly developed Skargard or outer island formation. Innumerable islands which fringe her shores, affording protection against winds and waves, are of utmost importance to coastwise navigation. Sweden abounds with useful minerals. Extensive layers of magnetic iron are found in Dannemora and other parts; copper ore at Tunaberg and Falun, zine ore on the shores of Lake Wetter, and lead and ats ore etic ane is exceedingly well watered. rincipa falling into Baltic; and GOta and Klar into Kattegat. Of the numerous canals connecting rivers and lakes, the most important is the Gota Canal, which, by means of Géta R. and lakes Wener and Wetter, unites North Sea with Baltic. Lakes cover 83 per cent. of total area. Except Ru ian lakes Ladoga and Onega, Lake Wener (144 ft. above sea-level; 2,150 sq. m.) is largest lake in Europe. Sweden belongs to the Atlantic climatic zone; rain in late swmmer and autumn. In Lappmark the flora is of an Arctic character, firs and pines predominating; beech first appears in prov. of Smaland. The reindeer is nomadic in extreme N.; stag and elk rare; lemming migrates as far N. as 62° N. lat.; salmon is principal river fish. The great majority of the pop. are rural, only 29 per cent. living in the towns, of which only Stockholm, Go then burg, and Malm0 have over 100,000 inhabitants. Swed. people form a branch of Germanic race, and are closely akin to the Danes and Norwegians. The three Scand in avian languages, moreover, very closely resemble each other. Besides the Swedes, there are over 25,000 Finns and 7,000 Lapps in the country. The established religion is Evangelical Luther an, but absolute liberty of worship is allowed; ecclesiastically divided into thirteen dioceses, the archbishop of Upsala being the primate. People are well educated; perambulatory schools in sparsely populated districts; universities at Upsala and Lund; Caroline Institute for higher medical studies, and a technical coll., both at Stockholm. Agriculture occupies over half the pop., although 54.7 per cent, of land is under forests, and good arable land only amounts to 9.1 per cent. of whole area; greater part of land owned by small proprietors. Barley is largely cultivated beyond 70° N.; oats exported; rye is staple food of people; potato flourishes everywhere. Great progre has been made in cattle breeding, and large quantities of butter, hides, wool, bacon, and livestock are exported, as are timber, wrought and unwrought, and wood pulp. Fisheries, especially herring, are important. Mining is most productive industry; excellent iron ore in the central provinces, and at Gellivare and Luo avare in Lappmark, the total output in 1921 being 4,600,000 tons. Woolen and cotton goods, electrical goods, porcelain, brandy, sugar, machinery are principal manufactured products. Excellent harbors abound. Principal exports are timber, metals, animals, and products thereof. Railway mileage, 9,385, of which 3,355 m. belong. to state; electrification of lines planned. Gro tonnage of mercantile marine over 1,000,000. See Mar, Norway,