The son and successor of Thothmes IV

found it nece ary to support himself by entering into matrimonial alliance with the king of Naharina. The marriage had strange consequences for Egypt. The new queen brought with her not only a foreign name and foreign customs, a faith as well. She refused to worship Amun buforeign the ather gods of Egypt, and clung to the religion of her fathers, whose supreme object of adora tion was the solar disk [Aten]. The Hittite monuments themselves bear witne to the prevalence of this worship in Northern Syria. The winged solar disk appears above the figure of a king which has been brought from Birejik on the Euphrates to the British Museum; and even Boghaz Keui, far away in Northern Asia Minor, the winged solar disk has been carved by Hittite sculptors upon the Sayce, Hittites, p. 21. rock. Atena (ä-tā'nä). A small town in the province of Salerno, Italy, 45 miles southeast of Sa lerno. Aterno (ä-ter'no). The upper course of the river Pescara, in central Italy. Ate a (ä-te ä). A town in the province of Chieti, Abruzzi, Italy, 24 miles southeast of Chieti. Population (1881), 5,086. Atfalati (ät-fä'lä-ti). A division of the Kala pooian stock of North American Indians, formerly living from about Wappatoo Lake to the present site of Portland, Oregon, but now on Grande Ronde reservation. They numbered 28 in 1890. Atfalati is the name which they give themselves. Also called Follati , Sualatine , Tualatim , Tuhwalati , Twa lati , Wappatoo . Ath (ät), or Aath (ät), or Aeth (ät). A town in the province of Hainaut, Belgium, situated on the Dender 30 miles southwest of Bru els. It has a flourishing trade and manufactures. Formerly it was a fortre , and has several times been besieged. Population (1890), 9,868. Athabasca (ath-a-bas'kä). [N. Amer. Ind., 'place of hay and reeds': properly Athapasca .] A provisional district in the Northwest Territories, Canada, lying north of Alberta and east of British Columbia. Area, 251,300 square miles. Athabasca, or Elk River. A river in British North America which rises in the Rocky Mountains, flows generally northeast, cro es the western end of Athabasca Lake, and unites with Peace River to form Slave River. It is properly the upper course of the Mackenzie. Length, about 600 miles. Athabasca Lake. A lake in British North America, about lat. 59° N., long. 110° W. It receives the Athabasca River, and its outlet is by the Slave River through the Mackenzie to the Arctic Ocean. Length, 230 miles. Breadth, 20-30 miles. Athabasca Pa . A pa over the Rocky Mountains, in British North America, between Mounts Brown and Hooker. Athabascans. See At hap a scans . Atha-ben-Hakem. See Mokanna . Atha Melik (ä'thä māʻlik), Ala-ed-Din (ä-läed-dēn'). Born in Khorasan, Persia, about 1227: died at Bagdad, 1282. A Persian his tori an, author of "Conquest of the World." Athalaric (a-thal'a-rik), or Athalric (a-thal'rik). Born 517: died 534. A Gothic prince, son of Euthelric or Eutharic and Amalasuintha, daughter of Theodoric I. On Theodoric's death in 526 he became king of the East Goths in Italy under Amalasuintha's regency. Athalia. 1. An opera by Handel, produced in 1733.-2. An opera by Mendel ohn, produced in 1844. Athaliah (ath-a-li'ä). [Heb., 'Yahveh is mighty.'] The daughter of Ahab, king of Israel, and Jezebel, and wife of Jehoram, king of Judah. On the death of Jehoram and that of his son and succe or, Ahaziah, she usurped the throne of the king dom of Judah about 843 B. C. (Duncker). In order to re move all rivals she put to death all the male members of the royal house, Joash alone escaping. She was put to death by command of Jehoida about 837 в. с. (Duncker). Athalie (ä-tä-lē'). [F. for Athaliah .] A tragedy composed by Racine for the scholars of Saint-Cyr, but not performed there. The subject was from sacred history, and it was his last dramatic work. It was written at the instigation of Madame de Main ten on, was first performed in 1690 (printed in 1691) at Versailles with choruses, and has since been produced from time to time with music by various great composers. Athalie was one of Rachel's greatest parts. iar name. Athene Polias It is also called Brahmaveda , where brahma means 'sacred utterance' in the sense of 'charm, incantation.' It comprises nearly six you sand verses in about seven hundred and thirty hymns, which are divided into twenty books. The first eighteen books are arranged upon a like system, of which the length of the hymn is the principle. A sixth of the ma is not metrical, but consists of prose akin to the Brahman as. Of the remainder one sixth is found also in the Rik, and five sixths are peculiar to the Atharvan. As compared with the first nine books of the Rik, the tenth book of the Rik and the Atharvan are the product of a later period. In the former the gods are regarded with love and confidence; in the latter with cringing fear. The Atharvan knows a host of imps and hobgoblins, and offers them homage to induce them to abstain from harm. The most prominent characteristic is the multitude of incantations spoken by the person to be benefited or by the sorcerer for him. The Atharvan seems in the main of popular rather than of priestly origin, and forms an intermediate step to the superstitions of the ignorant ma . Athaulf. See Atawulf . and Galeswintha, the former was married to Sigebert, Atheist, The, or The Second Part of The king of Austrasia, and the latter to Chilperic, king of Neustria. IMG:content-0141.png:[blocks in formation] creeds of the Christian church, supposed at Athelney (ath'el-ni), Isle of. [AS. Æthelmga one time to have been composed by A than as i us. The name was probably given to it during the Arian controversy in the 6th century, A than as i us being the chief upholder system. It of is the included system in of the doctrine Greek, opposed Roman, to and the English Arian services, but is not retained in the American Book of Common Prayer. It is also called "Quicunque vult," from its first words. ig , isle of nobles.] A marsh near Taunton, Somersets hire, England, the refuge of Alfred the Great in 878. He founded here a Bene dictine abbey in 888. Athelstan (ath'el-stan), or Æthelstan. Born 895: died 940. King of the West Saxons and Mercia 925-940, a son of Edward the Elder: surnamed "The Glorious." He defeated the Danes and Celts at Brunanburgh in 937. Through the marriage of his sisters, he was brother-in-law to Charles the Simple, king of the West Franks; Louis, king of Lower Burgundy; Hugh, the Great Duke of the French; and the emperor Otto the Great. Athelstane (ath'el-stān). In Sir Walter Scott's novel "Ivanhoe," the Thane of Con ings burgh, suitor of Rowena, called "The Unready," from the slowne of his mind. Athena. See Athene . stantine II. in 338; was deposed by Constant i us in 340, Athenæum (ath-e-nē'um). [Gr. Ἀθήναιον .] Α taking refuge with Julius I., bishop of Rome, through famous school or university at Rome, founded whose influence his doctrines were approved by the synods IMG:content-0142.png:[blocks in formation] tagnais. Atharvan (a-t'här'van). In Vedic mythology, the priest of fire (Agni) and Soma, and then, viewed as a definite person, the first priest in primeval times who brings down fire from heaven, offers soma, and prays. With miraculous powers he subdues the demons, and he receives from the gods heavenly gifts. As a singular or as a plural the word also designates 'the spells of Atharvan,' the Atharvaveda. Atharvaveda (a-t'här-vä-vā'dä). [Skt., 'Veda of the Atharvans.'] The fourth of the Vedas. It never attained in India the high consideration of the other Vedas, or came to be universally acknowledged as a Veda. To the student, however, its interest is only second to that of the Rik. It is a historical, not a liturgical, collection. It goes by a variety of names, which seem at least in part fabricated to give it a dignity to which it had no fair claim. It was called the Veda of the Atharvans and the Angirases to bring it into connection with ancient and venerated Indian families, and "Veda of the Atharvans" has come to be its most famil Hill. Athenæum, The. A London club established in 1824. It was designed for the "a ociation of individuals known for their scientific or literary attainments, artists of eminence in any cla of the Fine Arts, and noblemen and gentlemen distinguished as liberal patrons of Science, Literature, or the Arts." Its headquarters are at 107 Pall Mall, S. W. Athenæus (ath-e-nē'us). [Gr. Ἀθήναιος .] Α Greek grammarian, rhetorician, and philosopher of Naucratis, Egypt, who flourished about 200 A. D.: author of "Deipnosophistæ" (ed. by Meineke 1859). See Deipnosophists . A the nagor as (ath-e-nag'ō-ras). [Gr. Άθηναγό ρας .] Born at Athens: flourished about 176 A. D.. A Greek Platonist philosopher and Christian, author of an apology or interce ion in behalf of the Christians, addre ed to the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. He states and refutes the accusations of atheism, cannibalism, and incest made against the Christians in his day. A treatise on the resurrection of the dead is also attributed to him. A then a is. See Eudocia . Athene (a-the'nē), or Athena (-nä). [Gr. Ἀθήνη , Ἀθήνα .] In Greek mythology, the godde of knowledge, arts, sciences, and righteous war; particularly, the tutelary deity of Athens: identified by the Romans with Minerva. She personified the clear upper air as well as mental clearne and acutene , embodying the spirit of truth and divine wis dom, and was clothed with the ægis, symbolizing the dark storm-cloud, and armed with the resistle spear-the IMG:content-0143.png:[blocks in formation] Athene Par the nos (a-the'ne pär the-nos). [Gr. Ἀθήνη παρθένος, Athene the virgin.] notable Roman reduced copy, in the National Museum, Athens, of the great chryselephantine statue of Athene by Phidias in the Par the non. Artistically the copy is poor, but from its evidently careful reproduction of details it is historically highly important. Athene Polias (a-thēnē pol'i-as). [Gr. Αθήνη πολιάς Athene, guardian of the city (Athens).] A notable original Greek statue, in the Villa Athene Polias Albani, Rome. The godde , in her usual full drapery and ægis, has a lion-head drawn over her head in place of a helmet. The proportions are somewhat short, as in the older sculpture, and the statue is dated by experts in the 5th century B. с. Athene, Temple of. See A os , Ægin a , Athens , Syracuse . A then i an Bee, The. An epithet applied to Plato, a native of Athens, in allusion to the sweetne of his style. A then i on (a-thēʼni-on). A leader in the second servile insurrection in Sicily, 103-99 в. с. He is said to have been the commander of banditti in Cilicia, where he was captured and sold as a slave into Sicily. He was chosen leader of the insurgents in the western part of the island, made an unsucce ful attack on Lilybæum, On most maps there is shown a third wall, called the Phaleric wall, starting the south side of Athens, near the Ili us, and extending to the east side of the Bay of Phalerum. No vestige of such a wall has, however, been discovered, nor has any trace of an ancient port been found at the so-called Old Phalerum, at the eastern end of the bay. It is very improbable that such a wall ever existed, and it is safe to a ume that Phalerum lay at the western end of the bay. Old Temple of Athena , between the Erechtheum and the Par the non. Its foundations were recognized and studied by Dörpfeld in 1885. It was Doric, peripteral, hexastyle, with 12 columns on the flanks, and measured 70 by 137 feet. A number of the column drums, capitals, and other architectural elements are built into the north wall of the Acropolis. The temple had a large cult-cella toward the east, behind which there was a treasury with two chambers opening on a vestibule. A notable authority (Penrose) combats Dörpfeld's rest or a joined Tryphon (Salvius), king of the rebels, by whom he tion, and suggests that the temple may have been Ionic, was for a time thrown into prison, fought under Tryphon in the battle with L. Licinius Lucullus, and on the death of Tryphon became king. He was slain in battle by the hand of M. A quill i us who put down the revolt. A the nod or us (a-then-ō-dōʻrus). [Gr. Ἀθενόδω ρος.] Born at Tarsus, Asia Minor: lived in the 1st century B. C. A Stoic philosopher of Tarsus, a friend of the emperor August us: surnamed "Can a nites," from Cana, in Cilicia, his father's birthplace. A the nod or us. A Greek statuary, one of the collaborators on the group of the "Laocoon." He was a son and pupil of Age sander of Rhodes. See Laocoön . Athens (ath'enz). [Gr. Ἀθῆναι , Homer (Ody ey, vii. 80) Αθήνη , L. Athenæ, F. Athènes , G. Athen , It. Atene ; origin unknown: traditionally from Ἀθήνη, the godde .] The capital and largest city of Greece and the chief city of Attica, situated about 5 miles from its seaport Piræus (on the Saronic Gulf), in lat. 37° 58′ N., long. 23° 44' E. The ancient city grew up around the Acropolis. The other noted hills were the Areopagus and Pnyx. Long walls joined the city to its port. The modern city has extended northeastward toward Lycabettus, and contains, besides the palace and government buildings, a university, a museum, and foreign (American, French, German, etc.) schools for cla ical studies. Athens was founded, ac cording to the old account, by an Egyptian colony led by Cecrops. It became the chief place in Attica, with Pallas Athene as its especial divinity, and was ruled by kings, among whom Erechtheus, These us, and Codrus were fa mous. It was then (from legendary date B. C. 1132) ruled by the nobles (Eupatrids), and had archons as magistrates, who were succe ively perpetual, decennial, and after 683 B. C. annual. The laws of Draco were enacted in 624 B. C., and those of Solon in 594 B. C. Pis i stratus be came tyrant in 560, and his sons were expelled in 510. The reforms of Cleisthenes (509) made Athens a pure democracy: popular a emblies of all citizens made the laws. The glorious period began with the Persian wars, in which Athens took a leading part, as at Marathon 490, and Sala mis 480. The city was temporarily held by the Persians in 480. Under Them is toc les, immediately after, the long walls were built. Athens became the head of the Confederacy of Delos in 477 (?), and for a short period had an extensive empire and was the first power in Greece. The "Age of Pericles" (about 461-429) was was noted for the adorn ment of the city. The Peloponnesian war, 431-404, resulted in the displacement of Athens by Sparta in the hegemony of Greece. Athens was taken by Sparta in 404 and an aristocratic faction was put in power; but moderate democracy was restored by Thrasybulus in 403. Athens under Demosthenes resisted Macedon, but was overthrown at the battle of Chærone a 338, and was generally after this under Maced on i an influence. It was subjugated by Rome in 146 B. c., and pillaged by Sulla in 86 B. C. It continued to form part of the Roman and later of the Byzantine empire. Conquered by the Latin Crusaders in 1205, it became a lordship and soon a duchy under French,