Stralsund Prussia, Jan 15, 1807 died at Bus Burnouf (bür-nöf'), Émile Louis

Born nos Ayres, May 1, 1892. A Pru ian naturalist. He was profe or at Berlin and subsequently at Halle, and represented the latter university in the National A embly in 1848; subsequently he was a member of the first Pru ian chamber. From 1850 to 1852 he traveled in Brazil, and in 1861 went to Buenos Ayres, where he was director of the National Museum until his death. He published several well-known handbooks of zoology and bescht der Therasi liens" (2 vols. 1854-56), and numerous scientific papers, especially on the Tertiary and Quaternary mammal i a of Argentina. Burmese Wars. The wars (1) of 1824-26, (2) of 1852, which the British waged with Burma, and which resulted in the ce ion of Lower Burma. See Burma . Burne-Jones (bėrn'jōnz'), Sir Edward. Born at Birmingham, England, Aug. 28, 1833: died at London, June 17, 1898. An English painter. He was a student at Exeter College, Oxford, with William Morris and Swinburne, the latter of whom dedi. cated to him his first volume of poems. He went to London in 1856, and became a pupil of Dante Gabriel Ro etti, whose manner he imitated for several years; but he soon formed a style of his own, inclining more to idealism and abstract beauty than to realism, and became one of the chief exponents in England of the romantic Valognes, Manche, France, Aug. 25, 1821. A noted French philologist, distinguished as an archæologist and Orientalist. He was collaborator with Leupol on a Sanskrit-French dictionary (1863-65). Burnouf, Eugène. Born at Paris, Aug. 12, 1801: died at Paris, May 28, 1852. A French Orientalist, son of Jean Louis Burnouf, celebrated for researches in the Zend language. His chief works are "Comment a ire sur le Yaçna" (1835), "Introduction à l'his to ire du Bouddhisme indien" (1845), "Le lotus de la bonne loi, traduit du Sanscrit" (1852). Burnouf, Jean Louis. Born at Urville, Manche, France, Sept. 14, 1775: died at Paris, May 8, 1844. A noted French philologist. He wrote "Méthode pour étudier la langue grecque" (1814), "Méthode pour étudier la langue latine" (1840), translation of Tacitus (1827-33), etc. Burns (bėrnz), Robert. Born at Alloway, near Ayr, Scotland, Jan. 25, 1759: died at Dumfries, Scotland, July 21, 1796. A famous Scottish lyric poet. He was the eldest son of William Burne or Burnes, a nurseryman, whose ancestors had long been farmers in Kin car dines hire, and Agnes, the daughter of a Carrick farmer. He received a meager education, and in 1783, in conjunction with his brother Gilbert, rented a farm at Mo giel, whither he removed in the following Burton, Sir Richard Francis year. He published a volume of poems at Kilmarnock in 1786, on which occasion he changed the spelling of his family name to Burns . In 1786 he paid a visit to Edinburgh, where he was admitted to the society of the Duche of Gordon, Lord Monboddo, Robertson, Blair, Gregory, Adam Ferguson, and Fraser Tytler, and where a second edition of his poems was published by Creech in the next year. In 1788 he married Jane Armour, by whom he had previously had several children. He took a farm at Ellis same year, and 1789 became an officer in the excise. In 1791 he removed to Dumfries, where he devoted himself to literature and to the duties of his office as an exciseman. Here also appeared in 1793 the third edition of his poems. A collective edition of his works was edited by Currie in 1800, and another by Cunning ham in 1834. Burnside (bėrn'sīd), Ambrose Everett. Born at Liberty, Indiana, May 23, 1824: died at Bristol, R. I., Sept. 13, 1881. An American general and politician. He captured Roanoke Island Feb. 8, and Newbern March 14, 1862; fought at Antietam Sept. 17; cominanded the Army of the Potomac Nov. 10, 1862,– Jan. 25,1863; was defeated at Fred ericks burg Dec. 13, 1862; was besieged at Knoxville 1863; served under Grant 1864; was governor of Rhode Island 1867-69; and was United States senator 1875-81. Burnt island (bernt'i'land). A seaport and watering-place in Fifes hire, Scotland, situated on the Firth of Forth 8 miles north of Edinburgh. Population (1891), 4,692. Burow (bö'rō), Julie. Born at Kydullen, Pru ia, Feb. 24, 1806: died at Bromberg, Pru ia, Feb. 19, 1868. A German novelist. She wrote "Aus dem Leben eines Glücklichen" (1852), "Johann Kepler" (1857-65), etc. Burr (ber), Aaron. Born at Fairfield, Conn., Jan. 4, 1716: died Sept. 24, 1757. An American clergyman, president of the College of New Jersey 1748-57. Burr, Aaron. Born at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756: died at Port Richmond, Staten Island, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1836. An American politician, son of Aaron Burr (1716-57). He served with distinction in the Canada expedition in 1775, at Mon mouth in 1778; began the practice of law in New York in 1783; was United States senator from New York 1791-97; and Vice-President of the United States 1801-05. He killed Hamilton in a duel July, 1804, an event which destroyed his political prospects. About 1805 he conceived the plan, as was subsequently charged at his trial, of conquering Texas, perhaps Mexico, and of establishing a republic at the South, with New Orleans as the capital, of which he should be the president. By the aid of Blennerha et and others he was enabled to purchase a vast tract of land on the Washita River, which was to serve as the starting-point of an expedition to be led by him in person. He was arrested in Mi i ippi Territory Jan. 14, 1807, was indicted for treason at Richmond, Virginia, May 22, and was acquitted Sept. 1. Burrhus, or Burrus (bur'us), Afranius. Killed 62 (63) A. D. A Roman officer. He was appointed sole pretorian prefect by Claudius in 52, and was, together with Seneca, intrusted with the education of Nero. By his influence with the pretorian guards he secured the undisputed succe ion of his pupil in 54. Having offended the latter by his sternne and virtue, he was put to death by poison. Burritt (bur'it), Elihu, surnamed "The Learned Blacksmith." Born at New Britain, Conn., Dec. 8, 1811: died there, March 7, 1879. A social reformer and linguist, a blacksmith by trade. He was an advocate of the abolition of war, and wrote "Sparks from the Anvil" (1848), "Olive Leaves" (1853), "Thoughts and Things at Home and Abroad" (1854), etc. Burroughs (bur'ōz), George. Died at Salem, Ma ., Aug. 19, 1692. An American clergyman. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1670, and served as pastor at Falmouth (Portland), Maine, and at Salem. He was accused of having bewitched one Mary Wolcott, and was condemned on the evidence of confe ed witches, who affirmed that he had attended witch-meetings with them. He moved many to tears by his last words at his execution, but Cotton Mather, who was sitting on horse back in the crowd, reminded the people that Satan often a umes the appearance of an angel of light. Burroughs, John. Born at Roxbury, N. Y., 3, 1837. An American e ayist. He has written "Wake-Robin" (1870), "Winter Sunshine" (1873), "Birds and Poets" (1875), "Pepacton" (1881), "Fresh Fields" (1884), "Signs and Seasons" (1886), etc. IMG:content-0288.png:[ocr errors] mand of the Enterprise he captured British brig Boxer, near Portland, Maine, Sept. 5, 1813. Both com- manders fell in the action. Burslem (bėrs'lem). A town in Staff ords hire, England, 17 miles north of Stafford. It is the chief town of the potteries district, and contains the Wedgwood Institute. Population (1891), 30,862. Burton, Robert. Born at Lindley, Leicester- shire, Feb. 8, 1577: died at Oxford (?), Jan. 25, 1640. A noted English writer. He entered the University of Oxford 1593, was elected student of Christ Church in 1599, and became rector of Segrave, Leicestershire, in 1628. He was the author of the famous "Anatomy of Melancholy" (which see). Burton, William Evans. Born at London, Sept. 24, 1804: died at New York, Feb. 10, 1860. An English comedian, theatrical man- ager, and writer. He came to America in 1834, and made his first profe ional appearance in September of that year at the Arch Street Theater, Philadelphia, in which city he lived fourteen years. In 1837 he started "The Gentleman's Magazine." York. With others he organized the American Shakspe- river Irwell 8 miles north of Manchester. Its chief industries are manufactures of cotton and woolen (the latter introduced under Edward III.). Population (1901), 58,028. Bury, Ange Henri Blaze de. See Blaze de Bury . Bury, Richard de. Born at Bury St. Ed- munds in 1281: died at Auckland, England, 1345. An English prelate and scholar. He was the son of Sir Richard Aungerville, and received his name from his birthplace. He studied at Oxford, and became a Ben- edictine monk at Durham. He was tutor to Edward of Windsor (afterward Edward III.), became dean of Wells in 1333, was consecrated bishop of Durham in the same year, and was appointed high chancellor of England in 1334. He founded a library at Oxford in connection with Durham College, and wrote a treatise on the art of collect- ing and preserving books, entitled "Philobiblon," which was first printed at Cologne in 1473. Busby (buz'bi), Richard. Born at Lutton or Sutton, Lincoln shire, England, Sept. 22, 1606: died April 6, 1695. A noted English teacher, head-master of Westminster School 1640. Busca (bös'kä). A town in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy, situated on the Maira 9 miles northwest of Cuneo. IMG:content-0289.png:[blocks in formation] at Dresden, Feb. 13, 1821: died Nov. 16, 1899. Bu ang (bü-son') A town in the department A German journalist and man of letters. He was of Vosges, France, 27 miles southeast of Épinal. employed by Bismarck in the department of state. His It is noted for its mineral springs. works include "Schleswig-Holstein is che Briefe" (1854), Bu ey (bus'i), Benjamin. Born at Canton, "Graf Bismarck und seine Leute" (1878), etc. Büsching (büsh'ing), Anton Fried rich. Born at Stadthagen, in Schaumburg-Lippe, Germany, Sept. 27, 1724: died at Berlin, May 28, 1793. A noted German geographer. His chief work is "Erdbeschreibung" (1754-92, "Description of the Globe": 1870 . translated in part into English, 1762). Buschmann (bösh'män), Karl Eduard. Born at Magdeburg, Feb. 14, 1805: died at Berlin, April 21, 1880. A Pru ian philologist. He spent a year in Mexico, 1827-28, and on his return was a oci- ated with Wilhelm von Humboldt in philological work. After 1832 he was employed in the Berlin Royal Library, eventually becoming librarian. After the death of Wil von Humboldt, Buschmann was engaged by Alex- ander von Humboldt, a isting him in the preparation of "Kosmos" and other works. His principal, independent writings are "Ueber die aztekischen Ortsnamen" (1853), "Die Spuren der aztekischen Sprache im nördlichen Mexico" (1859, 2 vols.), several works on the Apache and At hap as can languages, and "Grammatik der son or is chen Sprachen" (1864-69). He edited Wilhelm von Humboldt's "Ueber die Kawisprache," the third volume being his own work. Bushire (bö-sher'), or Abushehr (ä-bö-sher'), or Bushahr (bö-shär'). A seaport in Farsis- tan, southern Persia, situated on the Persian Gulf in lat. 28° 59′ N., long. 50° 50′ E. It is an important commercial center, and a station of the British Steam Navigation Company. It was taken by the British in Dec., 1856. Population, about 15,000. Bushiri bin Salim (bö-she're bin sä-lēm'). A mulatto Arab of East Africa, head of the Arab war against the Germans 1888-89. Bushiri was born about 1834, and owned a plantation at Pangani when the Germans annexed that region. In May, 1889, he was beaten by Captain Wi mann; in June he captured Mpwapwa and induced the Mafiti tribe to attack the Ger- mans; in Oct. he again lost a battle with the Germans, and fled to the Nguru mountains. There he was captured by the natives, and in December hanged by the Germans at Pangani. Bushman Land (bush'man land), Great. A region in the northwestern part of Cape Colony, South Africa, in lat. 29°-30° S., long. 19o−21° E. It is inhabited chiefly by Bushmen. Bushmen (bush'men). [Tr. From S. African D. Bosjesman .] An African race. See Hottentot , Khoikhoin , and Pygmies . The Bushmen are also called San , and Th. Hahn proposes this name for all the Bushmen, as Khoikhoin is applied to the Hottentots. The San language is evidently a sister branch of the Khoikhoin, but poorer and le regular in grammatic forms, while richer in clicks. The dialects diverge considerably. The Bushmen are known by different names, according to the Bantu tribes on whose skirts they live. Thus the Ama-Xosa call them Aba -tua ; the Ba-suto, Ba - rua . Ba - tua , Ba - kua , Ba-tshua, is the name most generally given to the Pyg- mies and Bushmen from Galla-land to the Cape, and would, it seems, be the best name for the whole race. Owing to the fact that the Pygmies and Bushmen also speak the dialects of their Bantu neighbors, most of the Pygmy vocabularies given by travelers are Bantu. The principal Bushmen tribes are the Ba-Bumantsu in Ba- sutoland; the Ba-Lala in Bechuanaland; the Ma-Denas- san a, serfs of the Ba-Mangwato, of Chuana stock; the Ma-Sarwa in the Kalahari desert; the Ba-Kankala in the Kunene valley; and the Ba-Kasekele northeast of them. and Ba-Koroka near Mo a me des, southern Angola, are Bushmen or degenerated Bantu negroes. Bu y (bü-se'), Comte de (Roger de Rabutin), called Bu y-Rabutin. Born at Epiry, Niver- nais, France, April 13, 1618: died at Autun, France, April 9, 1693. A French soldier and man of letters, author of "His to ire amoureuse des Gaules" (1665), "Mémoires" (1696), "Let- tres" (1697). Bu y d'Ambois (bü-sē' don-bwä'). A tragedy by Chapman, published in 1607. The allusions in it to the knights of James I., and to Elizabeth as an "old queen," forbid a date earlier than 1603; and the statement in i. 2, "'T is Leap Year," which must apply to the date of production, fixes the first representation at 1604 ( Fleay ). D'Urfey produced a play, adapted from Chapman's, with this title in 1691. Bu y d'Ambois, The Revenge of. A sequel to "Bu y d'Ambois," by Chapman, published in 1613. Bustamante, Carlos Maria. Born in Oajaca. Nov. 4, 1774: died at Mexico, Sept. 21, 1848. A Mexican statesman and historian. He com- manded a regiment under More los (1812), was captured and imprisoned at Vera Cruz, but was released by Santa Anna and marched with him to the capital (1821). There- after he took an active part in political life. His histori- cal works are of great importance for the revolutionary and modern period: the best-known is "Cuadro histórico de la revolucion de la América mejicana." Bustamante y Guerra (bös-tä-män'teēgãr'rä), José. Born about 1750: died about 1822. A Spanish naval officer and administrator, from March, 1811, to March, 1818, captain-general of Guatemala. Bustan (bös-tän'). [Pers. (from bû , fragrance, and stan , place), 'a flower-garden, a place in which grow fragrant fruits, an orchard.?] The name of several Persian works, among which the "Bustan" (or tree-garden) of Sadi is the most famous. Bushnell (bush'nel), Horace. Born at Litch- field, Conn., April 14, 1802: died at Hartford, Conn., Feb. 17, 1876. A distinguished Congre- gational clergyman and theologian. He preached at Hartford 1833-59. His works include "God in Christ" of gro ignorance and a scorn of culture, in king in Shakspere's "King Richard II." Busirane (bū-si-ran'). An enchanter, in Spen- ser's "Faerie Queene," who imprisoned Amo- named from Busiris. Busiris (bū-sī'ris). [Gr. Βούσιρις .] 1. A mythical king of Egypt who sacrificed each year to the go gods, to insure the ce ation of a famine, one stranger who had set foot on his shores. Hercules was seized by him, and would have fallen a victim had he not broken his bonds and slain Busiris with his club. Bu Paradise Lost , i. 306. 2. A tragedy by Dr. Young, author of "Night Thoughts." It was produced in 1719. Busiris, modern Abusir (ä-bö-ser'). In ancient geography, a town in the Delta, Egypt, near the Damietta branch of the Nile. Bu a (bö ä). A place situated on the Niger, in West Africa, about lat. 10° N. Mungo Park Bu ahir, Ba ahir (bus-sä-her'), or Bi er (bis'sėr). A feudatory state connected with the lieutenant-governorship of the Panjab, British India, in lat. 31°-32° N., long. 78° E. Bute, or Butes hire (but's hir). A county in Scotland. It comprises the islands of Bute, Arran, Inch. marnock, Great Cumbrae, Little Cumbrae, and Holy Isle. Its capital is Rothesay. Area, 218 square miles. Popula- tion (1891), 18,404. Bute, Earl of. See Stuart, John. Bute, Marquis of. See Stuart , John Patrick Crichton. Bute, Kyles of Bute, Kyles of. A strait between the island of Bute and Argylls hire, Scotland. IMG:content-0290.png:[blocks in formation] Butler, Reuben. In Scott's novel "The Heart physician in ordinary to Henry VIII. He appears as one of Mid-Lothian," a weak and sensitive minister Butkhak (bötʻkhäk), or Boothauk (bötʼhâk). A pa in the mountains of Afghanistan, east of Kabul. Butler (but'ler), Alban. Born at Apple tree, North amp ton, England, 1711: died at St. Omer, France, May 15, 1773. An English Roman Cath- olic hagiographer. He wrote "Lives of the (1756-59), etc. Butler, Andrew Pickens. Born in Edge field District, S. C., Nov. 17, 1796: died near Edge field Court House, S. C., May 25, 1857. An American politician, United States senator from South Carolina 1846-57. Butler, Benjamin Franklin. Born at Kinder hook Landing, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1795: died at Paris, Nov. 8, 1858. An American lawyer and politician, attorney-general of the United States 1833-38, and acting secretary of war 1836-37. Butler, Benjamin Franklin. Born at Deer field, N. H., Nov. 5, 1818: died at Washington, Jan. 11, 1893. An American lawyer, politician, and general. He commanded the Army of the James; was defeated at Big Bethel, June 10, 1861; captured Forts Hatter as and Clark, Aug., 1861; and was military governor of New Orleans May-Dec., 1862. In 1864 he was "bottled up" at Bermuda Hundred by the enemy (a historic phrase used by General Barnard, Grant's chief of engineers). He was member of Congre from Ma achusetts 1867-75 and 1877-79; Ma achusetts 1883; and candidate of the Anti-Monopoly, National Greenback-Labor, and People's parties for President in 1884. In 1861 he refused to deliver up slaves who had come within his lines, saying they were "contraband of war"; hence arose the designation "contrabands" for slaves. Butler, Charles. Born at London, Aug. 14, 1750: died at London, June 2, 1832. An English jurist, Roman Catholic historian, and miscellaneous writer, nephew of Alban Butler. His works include "Horæ Biblicæ" (1797-1807), "Horæ juridicæ subsecive" (1804), "Reminiscences" (1822-27), etc. Butler, Lady (Elizabeth Souther den Thompson). Born at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1844. An English artist, chiefly noted as a painter of military subjects. Among her pictures are "Mi ing" (1873), "The Roll Call" (1874), “Balaklava" (1876), "Inkerman" (1877), "Evicted" (1890), etc. Butler, James. Born at Clerkenwell, England, Oct. 19, 1610: died at Kingston Hall, Dor sets hire, England, July 21, 1688. The first Duke of Ormonde. He was the son of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and became earl of Ormonde on the death of his grandfather in 1632. He was the friend and conf i dential adviser of the Earl of Str afford; was appointed lieutenant-general of the army in Ireland in 1641; defeate the Irish rebels at Killsalghen, Kilrush, and Ro ; and became lord lieutenant of Ireland in 1644. After the execution of Charles I. he attached himself to the cause of Charles II., whom he accompanied into exile. At the Restoration he was created duke of Ormonde and lord high was restored in 1662 lieutenancy of Ireland, a post which he retained, with an interruption of seven years, until 1685. Butler, Samuel. Born at Strensham, Worcesters hire, England, Feb., 1612: died at London, Sept 25, 1680. An English poet. He is said to have studied for a short time at Cambridge about 1627; was attendant to Elizabeth, counte of Kent, about 1628, in whose house he met John Selden; and served as clerk or attendant to a succe ion of country gentlemen, including the Presbyterian Sir Samuel Luke, who is supposed to be the original of Hudibras. He was the author of "Hudibras" (1663-78), a heroic-comic poem satirizing Puritanism.