colonialism

[Eng. colonial; -ism.] An idiom, phrase, or habit peculiar to or characteristic of colonials. col-ō-ni-al-ly, adv. [Eng. colonial; -ly.] By colonists, in colonies, or in one of them. "Laagers, as fortified posts are colonially called..." -London Times; Pie term a ritz burg Corresp. col-on-Ic-al, a. [Formed as if from a Lat. coloni cal is, from colonus.] Of or pertaining to farming or husbandry. ceorls and socmen " Coloni cal services were those, which were done by the to their lords."- Spelman. IMG:content-0198.jpg:[ocr errors][merged small][merged small] "The colonists carry out with them a knowledge of agriculture and of other useful arts,."-A. Smith: Wealth of Nations, iv. 7. 2. A member or inhabitant of a colony; a settler in a colony. còl-on-i-tis, cô-li-tis, s . [Gr. kolon =a member used in mod. med. for the colon (q. v.), and Gr. suff. it is denoting inflammation.] writers colitis, and by Dr. Balling all, an English physician, colonitis. It is the disease now called Med .: Inflammation of the colon, called by French IMG:content-0199.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0200.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0201.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] antiquity, the Phenic i ans, were also early coloniz- ers. Tyre was called by Isaiah "the daughter of Zidon, ch. xxiii. 12, by which is meant that Tyre was originally a Sidonian colony. Tyre in turn Gades (Cadiz), and others. founded various settlements, such as Carthage, 2. Grecian Colonies : Almost every Greek state and tribe sent forth colonies; the whole west of Asia Minor and the adjacent islands were studded with them, as was Southern Italy; besides these, the Corinthians founded Syracuse in Sicily, and the Phocians Marseilles in Southern France. It is, however, worthy of remark that kolonia , in Greek, primarily meant a grave, and not a colony, and when, in the Acts of the Apostles (xvi. 12), it is used writing the Roman word. in the latter sense, it is only as a Greek method of 3. Roman Colonies : The Phenic i an and Greek colonies were small states independent of the mother country; the Roman colonies, however, were subject to the parent government. They were of two kinds-citizen or civil colonies, with a plow upon their coins, and military colonies, with war- like ensigns on theirs. 4. Modern European Colonies : In founding colo- nies, as in so much more, Italy led the way, Pisa, times. Spain and Portugal followed next, the former in America, the Philippine Islands, ., the latter chiefly in the East Indies and in Brazil. Holland succeeded Portugal in the East Indies, and occupied the Cape of Good Hope, taken from it during the Napoleonic war. Franco has been unfort- unate in its colonies, many of which are now under the sway of the British sovereign. The British colo- nial empire is the most magnificent the world has ever seen. New England settled by the Puritans, Pennsylvania by the Quakers, and Virginia by the Cavaliers, became the nucleus of the great colony, which, becoming independent in 1776, has developed into the United States, now more populous by over double the number of millions than the mother country, and occupying an area of about 3,002,882 square miles. The Dominion of Canada, aggregated around the territory surrendered by the French in 1763, has an area of about 3,620,510 square miles, while the whole British po e ions in Amer- ica have about 4,350,000. The area of Europe, on the other hand, is about 3,768,000 square miles, Australia, all of which is claimed by Great Britain, is believed to have about 2,967,500 square miles. Adding New Zealand and other settlements in the Pacific, this is brought up to about 3.181,344. The area of the Cape Colony and the adjacent more or miles; the whole British African po e ions about 270,000. Guiana in South America has an area of about 100,000 square miles. Compare with these figures the extent of Great Britain and Ireland, 121,115 square miles. In this examination various space, and the vast Indian po e ions, as not likely to prove permanent colonies in the ordinary sense of the word. subjoined compound. colopholic acid, s . IMG:content-0202.png:[blocks in formation] II. Law : British colonies were obtained (1) by conquest, (2) by ce ion under treaty, (3) by occu- pancy, (4) or by hereditary descent. In the first yellow or reddish-brown garnet, resinous in luster, two cases the colony retains its own laws till they like colophony, and usually with iridescent hues. however to Parliament. In the third case the col- are altered by the Sovereign or Council, subordinate It is found Arendal in Norway. ( Dana & Phil ony, which is of the type called a plantation, is lips .) under such English laws as are applicable to a côl-ô-phon-one, s. [Eng. colophon (y), and suff. community of this type. In the fourth case, the laws previously existing are in force till modified by Chem.: C11H18O. An oil obtained by the dry dis- Parliament. The larger colonies are now very nearly independent. The Home authorities appoint their governors, but they have legislatures of their own, which sometimes exert their power in taxing manu- IMG:content-0203.png:[blocks in formation] are encouraged to raise troops and trust to them for defense in ordinary emergencies. III. Geol .: A phenomenon to which attention was called by M. Barrande, the eminent Bohemian oil, thus 20C10H16+O3=C20H30O2+H2O. Colophony palæontologist, and which has been defined as the brown, accord- ered in their entirety are neverthele distinct. The ing to the heat at which it has been pre tempera co-existence of two general faunas, which consid. varies in color from light yellow to prepared. It Lower and Upper Silurian rocks have different tures it gives off volatile oils, and yields colopholic rian strata Barrande found that certain Upper a emblages of fo ils. In examining Lower Siluacres it when distilled in iron retorts it gives off Silurian fo ils made their appearance in particular oper gases, and a yellow strong smelling liquid distils called e ence which yields by frac- beds higher in the series, but which still were Lower ally indifferent camphene, boiling at 160°, and beds, then vanished, then reappeared again some tional distillation colophon one, and then an optic- which once becomes everywhere extinct is ever which, when treated with quicklime, has the again reintroduced. Barrande is therefore of opin formula C30H400. Colophony is used for making ion that an Upper Silurian sea, with groups of varnishes and coments, in preparing ointments, and as agent in the soldering of metals, for while a Lower Silurian one had not departed from adulterating and for rubbing the bows of Bohemia. The barrier between the two was occaviolinera tiglophony distilled with lime in retorts sionally broken down to a partial extent, allowing gives off gases of the paraffin series, also propylene, the escape of a few species from the one to the other. amylene, acetone, and a substance having the All geologists are not, however, convinced that formulare when colophony is distilled with Barrande's stratigraphical observation was accu- rato. New colonies of birds, to people air." characteristic fo ils, existed in one part of Europe Dryden : 1st Bk. of Ovid's Metamorphoses, 94-5. 1. Phenic i an Colonies: Ere yet the Latin word existed, or at least had acquired the meaning of col. ony, nations whose territory was too small for their population, sent forth some of their numbers to occupy other regions. The great maritime nation of *col-on-ỹ, v . t. [COLONY, s.] To colonize. IMG:content-0204.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0205.png:[blocks in formation] "And his ears trickled, and his color fled."-Dryden. (3) The material pigments used for coloring. 'When each bold figure just begins to live, The treach'rous colors the fair art betray." IMG:content-0206.png:[blocks in formation] between the two series, while under the xanthic Red, the ruby, signifies fire, divine love, heat of series are to be placed blue-green, blue, blue-violet, the creative power, and royalty. White and red violet-red, and red. [COLORING MATTER.] Prof. Dickie, of Aberdeen, has traced beautiful relations between form and color in the corollas of plants. [COROLLA.] Bischoff, Lindley, ., considered that there are, in botanical terminology, eight principal colors, under which all others may be arranged-white, gray, black, brown, yellow, green, blue, and red. For subdivisions of these see the words themselves. Note, however, should be taken of the fact that the adjective colored has a special botanical significa- tion inconsistent with this arrangement. [COLORED, Bot .] 3. Painting : The coloring pigments used by paint. IMG:content-0207.png:[blocks in formation] (1) A term variously employed in medieval trea- tises on music to represent: a repetition of a sound in part music (repetitio ejusdem vocis); purity of tone (pulchritudo son i); a movement of the voice from the part (florificatio vocis); an alteration of rhythm by different voices (idem son us repetitus in tempore diver so a divers is vocibus); a discord pur- posely introduced for the sake of variety (aliquando unus eorum ponitur in discordant i am propter col- orem musice). Some have gathered from the def in- ition, "Repetitio diverse vocis est idem son us repetitus in tempore diver so a divers is vocibus," that a musical canon is meant to be described. (2) The colored lines first used for the purpose of rendering neumes more intelligible. "Quamvis per- fecta sit positura neumarum, cæca omnino est et nihil valet sine adjunct i one literarum vel colorum (Guido). [CLEF, NOTATION.] ( Stainer & Barrett .) 7. Military: *(1) The cognizance or insignia of a knight. "Then the knyghte in his colurs was arm it ful clene." Anturs of Arthur , st. 30. *(4) A character, a kind or species. "Boys and women are, for the most part, cattle of this or regiment, or country (only in the plural). color."-Shakesp.: As You Like It , iii. 2. IMG:content-0208.png:[blocks in formation] "The banks were filled with companies, pa ing all along the river under their colors , ."-Knolles. National colors : United States, stars on blue, rue, blue, with cro es of SS. Andrew and George; Aus- 13 white and red stripes; Great Britain, red and tri a, red, white and green; Denmark, red with white cro ; France, blue, white and red; Nether- lands, red, white and blue; Portugal, blue and white, with red and gold crown and shield; Ger- many, black, white and red; Ru ia, white, blue with yellow cro ; Switzerland, red, with white and red; Spain, red, yellow and red; Sweden, blue, IMG:content-0209.png:[blocks in formation] foolery." M. In the wars; and that you may be bold to say in your Shakesp.: Twelfth Night , i. 5. (1) An appearance or primâ facie right, or appear- ance of title, furnishing a reasonable ground for A probable but really false plea, the design of this theory, or hypothesis, bodies have no colors in which was to draw the decision of the case from the light which they reflect. Some colors are comple to appear to be one of law and not of fact. (Ogil- mentary to each other. [COMPLEMENTARY. A vie .) simple color is one which cannot be decomposed. 2. Bot .: The ti ue of plants is for the most part colorle , of a silvery white, or an exceedingly pale yellow. The cause of the subsequent color is the text for it when its real origin is corruption. action of the solar light which produces chlorophyll (q. v.). When no abnormal causes are present to and tint : Color is here the generic term; hue and alter its action, this makes the epidermis of every tint are but modes of color ; the former of which part of the plant, except that of the flower, green. expre es a faint or blended color ; the latter a shade When plants naturally green become variegated it expre es Be twist the colors of black and brown, as is generally a diseased state, though capable of of all other leading colors , there are various hues being transmitted to the posterity of the plant. Color of office : Law : An act unjustly done through the counte- nance of an office, which is given as a colorable pre- Crabb thus discriminates between color , hue , IMG:content-0210.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0211.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0212.png:[blocks in formation] colorable Crabb thus distinguishes between to color , to dye, to tinge , and to stain : "To color is to put color on; to dye is to dip in any color ; to tinge is to touch lightly with a color ; to stain is to put on a bad color or in a bad manner; we color a drawing, we dye clothes of any color , we tinge a painting with blue by way of intermixture, we stain a painting when we put blue instead of red. They are taken in a moral acceptation with a similar distinction: we color a description by the introduction of strong figures,, strong facts, and strong expre ions; a person is represented as dyeing his hands in blood, who is so engaged in the shedding of blood, as that he may change the color of his skin; a person's mind is tinged with melancholy or enthusiasm; his char acter is stained with crimes." ( Crabb : Eng . Synons.) col-õr-a-ble, a . [Eng. color ; -able .] Specious, plausible; apparent and not real. 46 but this emancipation was treated as colorable and fraudulent "-Lewis: Cred. Early Roman Hist. (1855), ch. xiii., pt. i., § 9, vol ii., p. 387. Crabb thus distinguishes between colorable. specious , plausible , feasible , and ostensible : "What is colorable has an aspect or face upon it that lulls suspicion and affords satisfaction; what is specious has a fair outside when contrasted with that which it may po ibly conceal; what is ostensible is that which presents such an appearance as may serve for an indication of something real; what is plaus ible is that which meets the understanding merely through the ear; that which is feasible recommends itself from its intrinsic value rather than from any representation given of it. A pretense is colorable when it has the color of truth impre ed upon it; it is specious when its fallacy is easily discernible through the thin guise it wears; a motive is ostensi ble which is the one soonest to be discovered; an excuse is plausible when the well connected narrative of the maker impre es a belief of its justice; an account is feasible which contains nothing improbable or singular." (Crabb: Eng. Synon.) A colorable alteration : Law : One made for the purpose of evading a law. It is used chiefly in connection with the law of copyright. col-or-a-ble-ne , s. [Eng. colorable; -ne .] The quality of being colorable; plausiblene , speciousne . "You oppose figure to plainne and colorable ne ."Fulke: Confutation of Allen , p. 83. (1586.) col-or-a-bly, adv. [Eng. colorab(le); ly.] In a colorable or specious manner; plausibly, speciously; apparently and not really. "The proce , howsoever colorably awarded, hath not hit the very mark whereat it was directed."-Bacon. Col-o-ra-dō, s. [Sp. red.] One of the States of the U. S. A., nicknamed "the Centennial State." Bounded W. by Utah. N. by Wyoming and Nebraska, E. by Nebraska and Kansas, and S. by New Mexico and Oklahoma. Area, 103.925 square miles. Terri tory organized in 1861. Admitted as a State in 982