Satlej

See Sutlej. Sátoralja-Ujhely (sä'tō-rol-yo-öy'hely). The capital of the county of Zemplin, Hungary, situated 61 miles north of Debreczin. Population (1890), 13,017. Satpura (sät-pö'rä) Mountains. A mountain range in central India, extending generally east and west between the valley of the Nerbudda on the north and that of the Tapti on the south. Height, 2,000-4,000 feet. Satsuma (sät-sö'mä). A province in the southern part of the island of Kiusiu, Japan. It is one of the most flourishing provinces of the empire, and is especially noted for its pottery, called Satsuma ware. It was the principal seat of the unsucce ful rebellion in 1877 against the mikado's government. Sattel (zät'tel). [G., 'saddle.'] A village and pa in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, north of Schwyz. The pa is notable for defeats of the French by the men of Schwyz and Uri, May 2 and 3, 1798. Saturday (sat'er-dā). [From L. Saturn i dies , Saturn's day.] The seventh or last day of the week: the day of the Jewish Sabbath. Saturn (sat'ern). [L. Saturn us .] 1. An ancient Italic deity, popularly believed to have appeared in Italy in the reign of Janus, and to have instructed the people in agriculture, gardening, etc., thus elevating them from barbarism to social order and civilization. His reign was sung by the poets as "the golden age." He became early identified with the Cronus of the Greeks. Ops, the personification of wealth and plenty, was his wife, and both were the especial protectors of agriculture and of all vegetation. 2. The most remote of the anciently known planets, appearing at brightest like a first magnitude star. It revolves in an orbit inclined 2 to the ecliptic. Its mean distance from the sun is 94 times that of the earth, or 883,000,000 miles. Its sidereal revolution occupies 29 Julian years and 167 days; its synodical, 378 days. The eccentricity of the orbit is considerable, the greatest equation of the center being 6°.4. Owing to the fact that the period of Saturn is very nearly 24 times that of Jupiter, these planets exercise a curious mutual influence, analogous to that of one pendulum upon another swinging from the same support. Since 1790, when in consequence of this influence Saturn had lagged 50' behind and Jupiter had advanced 20' beyond the positions they would have had if undisturbed, Saturn has been moving continually faster, and the whole period of the inequality is 629 years. This is the largest perturbation of those affecting the motions of the principal bodies of our system. Saturn is the greatest planet except Jupiter, its diameter (75,800 miles) being about times, its 697 times, and its ma 93.0 times that of the earth. Its mean density is 0.7, water being unity. Gravity at the surface has 14 the intensity of terrestrial gravity. Its al. be do is 0.5 (about that of a cloud), but its color is decidedly orange; it shows some bands and spots upon the surface which are not constant. The compre ion of the spheroid of Saturn exceeds that of every other planet, amounting to to of its diameter. Its rotation, according to Asaph Hall, is performed in 10 h. 14.4 m. Its equator is nearly parallel to that of the earth. After the discovery by Galileo of the 4 satellites of Jupiter, Kepler conjectured that Mars should have 2 and Saturn 6 8 In fact, Saturn has 8 satellites: Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyper i on, and Japetus. This planet has the unique appendage of a surrounding ring-consisting really of three apparent rings lying in one plane. The ring is 5,900 miles from the surface of Saturn, and its total breadth is 48,500 miles, its total diameter being thus 172, 800 miles. The thickne of the ring is considerably le than 100 miles. Its plane is inclined 7° to the planet's equator and 28° 10' to the earth's orbit. It is best seen when the planet is in Taurus or in Scorpio. The symbol of Saturn is probably representing a scythe. Saturnalia (sat-er-na'li-ä). In Roman antiquity, the festival of Saturn, celebrated in the middle of December as a harvest-home obser vance. It was a period of feasting and mirthful license and enjoyment for all cla es, extending even to the slaves. Satyrane (sat'i-rān). A type of the natural man in Spenser's "Faerie Queene." He was bred in the woods, and shows in the outer world all the might and courage of his race. Satyre Ménippée. See Satire Ménippée . Sau. See Save . Sauchieburn (sach'i-bern). A small stream near Stirling, Scotland, near which James III. was defeated by insurgent nobles in 1488. Saucourt (sō-kör'). A village near Abbeville, department of Somme, France: noted for the defeat of the North men by Louis III. in 880. Sauer. See Sure. Sauerland (zou'er-länt). The southern part of the province of Westphalia, Pru ia. Sauerland Mountains. A plateau region in the southern part of the province of Westpha lia and the adjoining part of the Rhine Province. Highest point, the Kahler Astenberg (about 2,700 feet). Sauger ties (sa'ger-tiz). A town in Ulster County, New York, situated on the Hudson 43 miles south of Albany. Population (1890), 4,237 . Saugor (sa-gor'). An island of Bengal, situ ated in the Ganges delta, at the mouth of the Hugli, 50 miles south of Calcutta. Saugur, or Saugor. See Sagar . Sauk (sak) River. A river in Minnesota which joins the Mi i ippi near St. Cloud. Saul (sal). [LL. Saul , Gr. Σαούλ, Heb. Shaúl, asked (of God).] The first king of the Hebrews (1055-1033 в. с.-Duncker), son of Kish of the tribe of Benjamin. His reign was occupied by wars against the Philistines, A male kites, and other Gentile nations. He fell in battle against the Philistines on Mount Gilboa. See David and Samuel . Saul. The original name of the apostle Paul. Saul. 1. An oratorio by Handel, produced at London in 1739. It contains a notable "Dead March."-2. A tragedy by Alfieri, printed in 1783. It was a favorite with its author, and has retained a place on the stage. It is more Shaksperian and le cla ical than any of his other plays. 3. A poem by Robert Browning, published in his collected works. Saulcy (sō-se'), Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart de. Born at Lille, France, March 19, 1807: died at Paris, Nov. 3, 1880. A French numismatist, archæologist, and Orientalist. He traveled extensively in Palestine. Among his works are "Voyage autour de la Mer Morte" (1852-54), "Recherches sur la numismatique jud aïque" (1854), "Campagnes de Jules César dans les Gaules" (1862), "Voyage en terre sainte" (1865), "Derniers jours de Jérusalem" (1866), "His to ire d'Hérode" (1867), "Numismatique de la terre sainte" (1873), "Sept siècles de l'his to ire jud aïque" (1874). Saulsbury (sâlz'bu-ri), Eli. Born in Kent County, Del., Dec. 29, 1817: died at Dover, Del., March 22, 1893. An American politician, Democratic United States senator from Delaware 1871-89. Saulsbury, Willard. Born in Kent County, Del., June 2, 1820: died at Dover, Del., April 6, 1892. An American politician, brother of Eli Saulsbury. He was attorney-general of Delaware 18501855; Democratic United States senator from Delaware 1859-71; and chancellor of Delaware from 1874 until his death. Saulteurs. See Ojibwa . Sault (or Saut) Sainte Marie (sö sant ma'ri; F. pron. so sant mä-rē'). 1. The capital of Chippewa County, Michigan, situated at the rapids of St. Mary's River, near the outlet of Lake Superior. Population (1890), 5,760.-2. A small town in Ontario, Canada, situated op- posite Sault Sainte Marie in Michigan. Sault Sainte Marie, or Saint Mary's Falls. The rapids in St. Mary's River between Lakes Superior and Huron. The impediment to navigation, canal built in 1855 and enlarged in 1870. Saumaise. See Salmasius . Saumarez, or Sausmarez (sō-mä-rā'), James, first Baron de Saumarez. Born in Guernsey, March 11, 1757: died in Guernsey, Oct. 9, 1836. A British admiral. He served at the battle of Cape St. Vincent in 1797 and at the battle of the Nile in 1798, Savannah and defeated the allied French and Spanish fleets in 1801. He was created Baron de Saumarez in 1831. Saumur (sō-mür'). A town in the department of Maine-et-Loire, France, situated on the Loire 27 miles southeast of Angers. It has manufactures of rosaries, enamels, etc., and has an important trade, particularly in sparkling wines. The chief buildings are the castle and the churches of Notre Dame de Nantilly and St. Pierre. There are Roman and Celtic antiquities in the vicinity, including the dolmen of Bagneux. The place is the seat of a cavalry school. It was a Huguenot strong. hold and the seat of a Protestant academy until the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. A victory was gained here by the Vendeans, June 9-10, 1793, over the republicans, and the city was taken by the Vendeans. Population (1891), commune, 14,867. Saunders (sän'dėrz), Frederick. Born at London, Aug. 13, 1807. An American author. He emigrated to the United States in 1837, and became a istant librarian of the Astor Library at New York in 1859, and librarian in 1876. He published "Memoirs of the Great Metropolis" (1852), "Salad for the Solitary" (1853), "Salad for the Social" (1856), "Pearls of Thought" (1858), "Festival of Song" (1866), "Evenings with the Sacred Poets" (1869), etc. Saunders, Nicholas. Born near Reigate, 1527: died in Ireland between 1580-83. An English polemical writer. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford, and became fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1548, and regius profe or of common law in 1558. He went to Rome, and was ordained priest in 1561, and subsequently was profe or of theology for 13 years at Louvain. He is the author of "De visibile monarch i a ecclesire" (1571) and "De Origine ac Progre u Schism at is Anglicani" (1585). Saunders, Richard. The pseudonym under which Benjamin Franklin published his alma nac in 1733. It was known as "Poor Richard's Almanac," and was i ued by him for 25 years. Sausmarez. See Saumarez . Sau ier (sō-sya'), Félix Gustave. Born at Troyes, France, Jan. 16, 1828. A French general and politician. He was appointed commander in-chief of the army in Algeria in 1881, and became military governor of Paris in 1885. Sau ure (sō-sür'), Horace Bénédicte de. Born at Geneva, Feb. 17, 1740: died there, Jan. 22, 1799. A Swi geologist, physicist, and naturalist, profe or of philosophy at Geneva. He traveled extensively, especially in the Alps; made in 1787 the second ascent of Mont Blanc; and made many researches in meteorology, the hygrometer, etc. His chief work is "Voyages dans les Alpes" (1779-86). Sauternes (sō-tarn'). A village in the department of Gironde, France, 23 miles south-southeast of Bordeaux. It is celebrated for the production of white wines. Savage (sav'aj), James. Born at Boston, July 13, 1784: died there, March 8, 1873. An American antiquary. He edited Winthrop's "History of New England" (1825-26), Paley's works (1828), and published a "Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England" (4 vols. 1864). Savage, John. Born at Dublin, Dec. 13, 1828: died at Spragueville, Pa., Oct. 9, 1888. An Irish-American journalist, poet, and dramatist. He came to America He wrote "'98 and '48: the Modern Revolutionary History and Literature of Ireland" (1856), "Sibyl," a tragedy (produced in 1858, printed in 1865), "Our Living Representative Men" (1860), "Life of Andrew Johnson" (1865), "Fenian Heroes, etc." (1868), and a number of popular songs, including "The Starry Flag." Savage, Richard. Born at London, Jan. 10, 1698 (?): died at Bristol, England, 1743. An English poet. He maintained that he was the illegitimate son of the fourth Rivers and the Counte of Macclesfield, but the child born of that connection is thought to have died. He owes his literary fame to the life which Johnson wrote. His life was disreputable, and he abused the charity of his friends. During his last years he lived on a pension al lowed him by Pope, and finally died miserably in a debtors' prison. He published a poem on the Bang or i an Con*troversy (1717), adapted a play ("Woman 's a Riddle") al ready translated from the Spanish (1717), published "Love in a Veil" (1719: a comedy), "Sir Thomas Over bury" (1724), in which he played (very indifferently) the hero "The Bastard" (1728: a poem addre ed supposed mother), "The Wanderer" (1729), etc. In 1775 his works were collected and published with Johnson's "Life of Savage" prefixed. Savage's Station. A place 10 miles east of Richmond, Virginia. It was the scene of a battle between a part of the Federal army of McClellan under Sumner and a part of the Confederate army of Lee under Magruder, June 29, 1862, forming part of the Seven Days' Battles. Savaii (sä-vi'ē), or Sawaii. The largest of the Samoan Islands, Pacific Ocean, situated in lat. 13° 45′ S., long. 172° 17′ W. The surface is moun tainous. Length, 43 miles. Area, about 650-700 square miles. Population, 12,500. Savanilla (sä-vä-nelyä), or Sabanilla (sä-bänel'yä). A town and port on a bay of the northern coast of Colombia, situated in lat. 11° 3′ N., long. 74° 58′ W. The port proper is Puerto Colombia, 3 miles from the town. A large part of the commerce of Colombia pa es through it to and from Bar an quill a on the river Magdalen a. Savanna. See Shawano . Savannah (sa-van'ä). A seaport, capital of Chas am County, Georgia, situated on the Sa Savannah vannah River, 18 miles from the ocean, in lat. 32°5′ N., long. 81°5′ W. It is one of the largest cities in the State and the second cotton-port in the country, and has also a large trade in rice, resin, turpentine, and lumber.