atom (atom)

[Early mod. E. also atome, attom (and as L. atom us, atomos, with pl. atom i, sometimes atomie, > E. sing. atomie, atomyl, q. v.), No atoms casually together hurl'd Could e'er produce so beautiful a world. Dryden, Epistles, i. 31. (b) A particle of matter a umed not to be divided under the circumstances considered; a molecule. An atom means something which is not divided in certain cases that we are considering. W. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 186. (c) In chem, and physics, the unit of matter; the smallest ma of an element that exists in any molecule. The number of kinds of atoms is the same as the number of the elements. All atoms of the same element have the same constant weight. They are for the most part combined with other atoms, either of the same or of a different. atmolyzer (at'mō-li-zėr), n. An instrument for separating gases. It consists of a porous pipe surrounded by an air-tight cylinder connected with an aspirator, the lighter gases pa ing through the pores of the pipe, the heavier remaining in it. Also atmolyser. atmometer (at-mom'e-ter), (at-mom' п. LS [ Newcomen's Atmospheric Steam-engine. A, A , working-beam; B , boiler from which steam is admitted through the steam-cock, c, to the cylinder C, F , rod, serving to lift a small pump; i , injection-cock; P , piston; S , blow-valve, or snifting- valve; 7, tank; W , weights. up-stroke, the down-stroke being effected by the pres- sure of the atmosphere caused by the formation of a vacuum under the piston through the condensation of the steam. This invented by 1695, was first made a practical succe by Newcomen, and was subsequently greatly improved by Watt, through the ad- dition of a separate condenser and air-pump. - Atmo- spheric governor, an apparatus for controlling the move- ments of machinery by the use of air under pre ure. - Atmospheric hammer. (a) A hammer driven by means of compre ed air, as the steam-hammer is operated by steam. See steam-hammer. (b) A hammer in which an at- mospheric spring is employed. The hammer-head is con-kind, forming molecules, and are indivisible by chemical IMG:content-1331.png:[blocks in formation] Whewell, Hist. Scientific Ideas. The gods, the gods! If all be atoms, how then should the gods, Being atomic , not be di oluble, Not follow the great law? IMG:content-1332.png:[blocks in formation] Upon some late conceived discontents To atone me to my father. Tigers and lions, boars and raging bulls, Hath he at on'd with leopards and wolves. atomistically (at-o-mis'ti-kal-i), adv . In an at- omistic manner; as composed of distinct atoms. atomization (atom-i-za's hon), n . [ +-ation.] The proce of atomizing or the state of being atomized; specifically, in med ., the reduction of liquids to the form of spray for inhalation or for application to the throat or nasal pa ages, and for other purposes. Also spelled atomisation . atomize (at'om-iz), v.; pret. and pp. atomized , ppr. atomizing . [ ize .] I.t in trans. speculate respecting atoms. Cudworth. II. trans. To reduce to atoms; reduce to very small particles, as a liquid; spray. atomizer (at'om-i-zér), n. One who or that which atomizes or reduces to atoms or very small particles; specifically, an apparatus de- signed to reduce a liquid to spray for disinfect- ing, cooling, perfuming, medicinal, and other purposes. Also spelled atomiser . atom ology (at-o-mol'ō-ji), n. [ λέγειν , speak: see- ology .] The atomyl (at'om-i), n.; pl. atomies (-iz). [Early mod. E. also atomie , attomye , atomie , prop. atom i , pl. of atom us , prop. the L. form then in current use along with atom , the form atomy being regarded appar. as a dim. Cf. atomy2 .] 1. An atom; a mote. Should he or hell Affront me in the pa age of my fate, I'd crush them into atomies . From the outer day, Betwixt the close-set ivies came a broad And solid beam of isolated light, Crowded with driving atomies . IMG:content-1333.png:[blocks in formation] 5. To expiate; answer or make satisfaction for. Soon should yon boasters cease their haughty strife, Or each atone his guilty love with life. IMG:content-1334.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1335.png:[blocks in formation] Drawn with a team of little atomies . Epicurus makes them [souls] swarms of atomies , Which do by chance into our bodies flee. atomy2 (at'om-i), n.; pl. atomies (-iz). [For- merly also atamy and nato my , for anatomy, mistakenly divided an atomy .] 1. An an at- omy; a skeleton. - 2. A very lean person; a walking skeleton. Thou atomy , thou. Shak . (ed. Leopold), 2 Hen. IV., v. 4. atonable (a-to'na-bl), a. [ atone + -able.] IMG:content-1336.png:[blocks in formation] atomistic (at-o-mis'tik), a. 1. Pertaining to atomism or the atomists. IMG:content-1337.png:[blocks in formation] atone (a-ton'), v.; pret. and pp. atoned , ppr. atoning . [ atone , adv ., q. v.] I. in trans. 11. To be at one; agree; be in accordance; accord. He and Aufidius can no more atone , Than violent est contrariety. Shak ., Cor., iv. 6. 2. To make reparation, amends, or satisfac- tion, as for an offense or a crime, or for an offender: with for . The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood. Pope . The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure. Junius. So it sometimes happens that a single bright and gen- erous act serves to atone for the abuse of years. J. F. Clarke , Self-Culture, p. 81. 3. To make up, as for errors or deficiencies; be a set-off or palliative. Or where the pictures for the page atone , And Quarles is sav'd by beauties not his own. Pope , Dunciad, i. 139. II.t trans. 1. To bring into concord; recon- cile, as parties at variance. 1 atonement body to God; is not this in the highest sense atonement? is not the true root of humanity revealed? is not God in him reconciled to man? Maurice, Theol. E ays. It [the new theology] holds to the atonement as a divine act and proce of ethical and practical import-not as acmystery of the distant heavens and isolated from the struggle of the world, but a comprehensible force in the actual redemption of the world from its evil. T. T. Munger , The Freedom of Faith. The majority of orthodox divines, whether in the Roman Catholic or the Protestant churches, ordinarily hold one of the above views or a combination formed from them. general, opinion (a) is held in Even though we should reject all the Orthodox theories about atonement, we may accept the fact. We can believe that God in Christ does reconcile the world to him self, does create a sense of pardoned sin,-does remove the weight of transgre ion, - does take away the obstacle in our conscience, - does help us into a living faith, hope, J. F. Clarke , Orthodoxy, p. 250. peace, joy. (d) In New Church (Swedenborgian) theology, the union and accord of flesh and spirit in man, and so the union and accord of man with God by a spiritual change wrought in the individual. This is what is understood in the New Church by the atonement, or at-one-ment, a bringing at one of the human and the divine, or, as the apostle says, "making in himself of twain one new man." And the purpose of this atonement was, that the Lord might ever after be able to IMG:content-1338.png:[blocks in formation] -atory. at [ atour (a-tor'), prep. and adv. [Sc., also written attour, atower, II. adv . Over and above; besides. - By and atour (prep. and adv.), also by atour (adv.), over and above. [Scotch in all uses.] atour2t, n. See attour2 . at rabi lari an (atra-bi-lā'ri-an), a. and n. [ at rabi lari us , bilis , black bile: see atrabile and bile2 .] I. a. Affected with melancholy, which the ancients attributed to black bile; atrabilious. The at rabi lari an constitution, or a black, viscous, pitchy consistence of the fluids. Arbuthnot, Aliments. II. n. A person of an atrabiliar temperament; a hypochondriac. Disraeli . bring our external or natural at one with our internal or at rabi lari ous (atra-bi-lā'ri-us), a. spiritual man-goodne at one with truth in our minds, -and so bring us into complete spiritual union or at-onement with himself. B. F. Barrett, Doctrine of the New Church. Doctrine of blood atonement, the doctrine, attributed to the Mormon Church, that the killing of an apostate or of one in danger of apostasy is a deed of love, since it makes atonement for the sin of apostasy, and so makes po ible God's forgivene of it. One who makes at one atoner (a-to'nėr), n. ment. a to nest, adv. [Early mod. E. and ME., prop. separate, at ones: now written at once: see at and once.] 1. At once; immediately. IMG:content-1339.png:[blocks in formation] 2. At one and the same time. Curious enditing and hard sentence is ful hevy atones for swich a child to lerne. Chaucer, Prol. to Astrolabe.