Acuco

See Acoma. Acuña (ä-kön ́yä), Cristoval de. Born at Burgos, Spain, 1597: died at Lima, Peru, probably before 1655. A Jesuit mi ionary and author. He was rector of the College of Cuenca, near Quito. In 1639 he accompanied Pedro Teixeira on his voyage down the Amazon, and in 1641 published at Madrid his "Nuevo descubrimiento del gran rio de las Amazon as," which is the first clear account of that river. The original edition of this work is very rare, but there are later ones in various languages. It appears that Acuña visited Rome as procu rat or of his province before returning to Peru. Acuña y Bejarano (ä-könyä ē bā-Hä-rä'nō), Juan de, Marquis of Casa Fuerte. Born at Lima, Peru, 1657: died at Mexico, 1734. A Spanish-American soldier and administrator. He was governor of Me ina, viceroy of Aragon and Mal lorca, member of the supreme council of war, and viceroy of New Spain from 1722 until his death. Acuña, Hernando de. Died 1580. A Spanish poet and soldier. He served in the expedition of Charles V. against Tunis. At the request of the emperor he translated Olivier de la Marche's "Le chevalier déli béré." His poems were published after his death, under the title "Varias Poesías" (1591). Acusilaus (a-kū-si-lā'us). [Gr. Ἀκουσίλαος .] Αn ancient Greek commentator on, or prose paraphrast of, the Theogony of Hesiod. He was born at Argos probably about the middle of the 6th century B. C., and was by some regarded as one of the seven wise men. Ada (a'da). [The Greek form of the Hebrew name.] See Adah . Adad. See Hadad . Adafudia, or Ada food i a (ä-da-fö ́di-ä). A town in the western part of Sudan, Africa, in lat. 13° 6' N., long. 1° 3′ E. Population, about 25,000 (?). Adah (a'da). [Heb., ornament,' 'beauty'; said to have been sent by Pilate to Tiberius on the trial and death of Christ. Acta Sanctorum (ak'tä sangk-tō'rum). [L., 'the deeds of the saints': with reference to the Roman 'acta,' or official records.] A name sixty applied generally to all collections of accounts of saints and martyrs, both of the Roman and Greek churches; specifically, the name of a work begun by the Bollandists, a society of Jesuits, its, in 1643. It now consists of over sixty folio volumes, including an index published in 1875. Actium (ak's hi-um). [Gr. Ἄκτιον.] In ancient geography, a promontory on the northwestern coast of A carn an i a, Greece, about lat. 38° 56′ N., long. 20° 46′ E. The ancient peribolos or sacred inclosure, rectangular in plan and built in opus reticula tum, the seat of the famous Actian games of August us, still remains. Recent excavations have laid bare extensive ruins of several succe ive temples, the latest of which is that dedicated by August us after the victory of B. C. 31. A famous naval battle was fought near Actium between Octavius and Mark Antony and Cleopatra Sept. 2, 31 в. с. It was decided by the flight of Cleopatra. Antony's land forces surrendered to Octavius. The victory secured for the latter supreme rule over the Roman dominion. Actius Syncerus. The academical name of Sanazzaro. Acton (ak'ton). A suburb of London in the county of Middle sex, 8 miles west of St. Paul's. Population (1891), 24,207. Acton, Charles Januarius Edward. Born at Naples, March 6, 1803: died there, June 23, 1847. The second son of Sir John Francis Edward entrance to the Acropolis was on the southwest, by a narrow, winding path commanded by the battlements above. Among the other monuments of the Acropolis are the pre-Persian temple of Athena, correctly identified and studied by Dorpfeld in 1885, the colo al bronze statue by Phidias of Athena Promachos, and the temple of Wingle Victory. The of Acropolis were occu- pied by important foundations, particularly on the south, where lie the Odeum of Herodes, the sanctuary of Escu lapius, and the Dionysiac theater. Under the medieval An English poet and prose writer, best known Franks and Turks the Acropolis was the citadel and abode of the dukes and pashas. The Par the non was in turn Acton. He entered the service of the Pope, was made cardinal in 1842, and played an important part in papal politics, especially in matters relating to England. Acton, Eliza. Born at Battle, England, April 17, 1799: died at Hampstead, Feb. 13, 1859. as the author of "Modern Cookery" (1845). Acton, Sir John Francis Edward. Born at cathedral and mosque; the Propylæa became the palace and government offices; and the Erechtheum, after being Besançon, France, 1736: died at Palermo, Aug. a church, was fitted as the pasha's harem. These great monuments remained comparatively unharmed until a late date in the Turkish domination. The Propylæa were shattered by an explosion of gunpowder induced by 12, 1811. An officer in the naval service of France and afterward (1799) of Tuscany, generali imo and prime minister at Naples during The first of the two wives of Lamech. Gen. iv. 19-23. (b) One of the wives of Esau and the mother of Eliphaz. Gen. xxxvi.- 2. The wife of Cain, a character in “Cain," by Lord Byron. Adair (a-dar'), James. An English trader resident among the North American (Chick a saw and Cherokee) Indians from 1735 to 1775. Не wrote a "History of the American Indians" (1775), in which he maintains that the Indians are descendants of the Jews. Adair, John. Born in Chester County, S. C., 1759: died in Harrodsburg, Ky., May 19, 1840. An American politician and soldier. He served in the Revolutionary War, was an officer in the Kentucky State militia (ultimately brigadier-general), served in the Indian wars, and commanded the Kentucky troops at the battle of New Orleans. He was United States senator from Kentucky 1805-06, governor of Kentucky 1820-24, and member of Congre 1831-33. Adair, Sir Robert. Born at London, May 24, 1763: died there, Oct. 3, 1855. An English diplomat and writer of historical memoirs. He was sent on diplomatic mi ions to Vienna 1806-07, to Constantinople 1808-09, where he concluded the treaty of the Dardanelles, and to the Low Countries 1831-35. He published "Historical Memoirs of a Mi ion to the Court of Vienna in 1806" (1844), and "The Negotiations for the Peace of the Dardanelles in 1808-1809" (1845). Adair, Robin. See Robin Adair . Adaize. See Hadai . Adal (ä-däl'), or Adel (ä-dal'). A region in eastern Africa, bounded by Danakil Land on the north, the Gulf of Aden on the east, Somali Land on the south, and Aby in i a on the west. Its inhabitants are Mohammedan nomads. There are British and French po e ions on the coast. Also Adaiel , Adajel . Adalberon (a-dalʼbe-ron), or Adalbero (a-dal' be-ro). Died 988. Bishop of Rheims and chancellor of France under Lothaire and Louis V. In 963 he was made archbishop, and in 987 he officiated at the coronation of Hugh Capet, by whom he was elevated to the position of lord high chancellor. Adalbert (ad'al-bėrt), Saint. Flourished about 700. An early English saint, perhaps a grandson of Oswald, king of Deira. self to mi ionary work among the Friesians, and is said to have been the first archdeacon of Utrecht. He devoted him IMG:content-0022.png:[blocks in formation] the Franco-German war, and later life senator, died in Adampi (ä-däm'pē). See Akrá . 1877ett she has written under the names of J. La Me ine, Adams (ad'amz). A town in Berks hire County, Adam (ädäm), Franz. Born May 4, 1815: died Ma achusetts, 47 miles northwest of Spring- Sept. 30, 1886. A German painter, chiefly of military scenes, son of Albrecht Adam. Adam. Adam (ä'däm), Melchior. Born at Grottkau, Silesia, 1551: died 1622. A German Protestant manorum Philosophorum," etc. Adam (ä-don'), Quirin François Lucien. Born at Nancy, May 31, 1833. A French mag is- trate and philologist, noted for researches on American and other languages. Adam (ad'am), Robert. Born at Kirkcaldy, Scotland, 1728: died at London, March 3, 1792. A noted Scottish architect and landscape-pain- ter. See Adelphi . Adam, William. Born at Mary burgh, Kinro , Scotland, Aug. 2, 1751: died at Edinburgh, Feb. 17, 1839. A British lawyer and politician, one of the managers of the impeachment of Warren Hastings, 1788, and chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall, 1806. Adam, William Patrick. Born Sept. 14, 1823: died at Ootacamund, India, May 24, 1881. A British politician, whip of the Liberal party from 1874 to 1880, and governor of Madras from 1880 till his death. Adam Bede (ad'am bed). A novel by George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) published in 1859. See Bede , Adam . Adam Bell, Clym of the Cloughe, and Wyl- lyam of Cloudeslee. An old ballad printed by William Copland about 1550, and in the collec- tions of Percy and Ritson. Child repeats it from Ritson with some variations from an edition older than Copland's recovered by Payne Collier. See Bell , Adam . Adam Cupid. A nickname of Cupid in Shak- spere's "Romeo and Juliet" (ii. 1). Some com- mentators contend that the name should be "Abram" (the of "auburn," as Cupid is frequently represented with au- burn or yellowish hair. Others agree with Upton in the following extract. Shakes pere wrote "Young Adam Cupid," . The printer or transcriber gave us this "Abram," mistaking thed for br, and thus made a pa age direct nonsense which was understood in Sh.'s time by all his audience; for this Adam was a most notable archer, named Adam Bell, who for his skill became a proverb. In Much Ado, shoulder, and called Adam." Adam, Master or Maître. See Billaut , Adam . Adam. A city of Palestine mentioned in the Ii: "And he that hits me, let him be clapped on the 3d chapter of Joshua. 1317, of Worcester in 1327, and of Winchester in 1333. He took the part of the barons against Edward II., was tried by Parliament for treason as an adherent of Mortimer (the first English bishop, it is said, ever tried before a lay court), and was influential in political affairs during the reign of Edward III. Adam (ä-don'), Adolphe Charles. Born at Paris, July 24, 1803: died at Paris, May 3, 1856. A French composer of comic opera. His best- known work is "Le Post ill on de Longjumeau" (1836). Adam (a'dam), Albrecht. Born at Nördlingen, April 16, 1786: Munich, Aug. 28, 1862. A German painter noted especially for his bat- tle-pieces and paintings of horses. Adam (ad'am), Alexander. Born near Forres, Scotland, June 24, 1741: died at Edinburgh, Dec. 18, 1809. A Scottish educator, rector of the High School of Edinburgh 1768-1809. He published "Roman Antiquities" (1791), and other works. Adam de la Halle. See La Halle . Adam Kadmon (ad'am kad'mon). [Heb., 'the first man.'] In cabalistic doctrine, the first man, emanating from the infinite and repre- senting the ten Sephiroth (which see). Adamastor (ad-am-as'tor). The phantom of the Cape of Good Hope in the "Lusiad": a. terrible spirit described by Camoens as appear- ing to Vasco da Gama and prophesying the mis- fortunes which should fall upon other expedi- tions to India. Adamawa (ä-dä-mä'wä). A region in Sudan, Africa, intersected by lat. 8° N., long. 13o E., having an area of about 70,000 square miles: the ancient kingdom of Fumbina. The ruling cla is Fulah; but the population consists of several negro tribes with Bantu admixtures. Such are the Batta, Dama, Mbana, Mbuma, Kotofo, Zani, and Fali. To denote the re- spective tribal dialects, the suffix nchi is appended, e. g., Batta-nchi, Dama-nchi, Mbana-nchi. All these dialects seem to form one linguistic cluster. Islam is the dom i- Adamello Alps (ä-dä-mel'ō alps). A group of the Alps on the border between Italy and Tyrol, south of the Ortler group. The highest point is about 11,500 feet. Adamites (ad'am-its). A sect which originated in the north of Africa in the 2d century, and pretended to have attained to the primitive in- nocence of Adam, rejecting marriage and (in their a emblies or "paradises") clothing. This heresy reappeared in the 14th century, in Savoy, and again the Free Spirit, in Germany, Bohemia, and Moravia. It was suppre ed in 1421 on account of the crimes and im- moralities of its votaries. When toleration was proclaimed proscribed. Its latest appearance was during the insur. II., in 1781, the sect revived, but was promptly rection of 1848-49. Adamnan (ad'am-nan), or Adomnan, Saint. Born in Ulster, Ireland, about 625: died at Iona, Scotland, 704. A Celtic ecclesiastic, ab- bot of Iona; author of "Vita Columbæ" and "De Locis Sanctis," an account of Palestine and other countries. was State geologist of Vermont from 1845 to 1848; and became profe or of astronomy and zoology in Amherst College, 1847. He was a ociated with Profe or Edward Hitch cock in a geological survey of New York. Between 1844 and 1851 he made scientific journeys to Panama and the West Indies. Adams, Charles Follen. Born at Dor chester, Ma ., April 21, 1842. An American writer of German dialect poems, etc. He served in the 13th Ma achusetts regiment of infantry in the Civil War, and was wounded and taken prisoner at Gettysburg. In 1877 he published "Leedle Yawcoob Strau and other Poems." Adams, Henry His chief work is a "History of the United States" under the administrations of Jefferson and Madison (9 vols.). Adams, John. Born at Brain tree (in present Quincy), Ma ., Oct. 30, 1735: died at Quincy, Ma ., July 4, 1826. The second President of the United States, 1797-1801. He was graduated at Harvard in 1755, studied law, took a leading part in opposing the Stamp Act, was counsel for the soldiers charged with murder in connection with the "Boston ma acre" of 1770, and became a leader of the patriot party. In 1774 he was chosen a member of the Revolutionary congre of Ma achusetts. He was a to the first and second Continental Congre es, proposed Washington as commander-in-chief, signed the Declaration of Independence, was appointed commi ioner to France in 1777 (arriving at Paris in 1778), negotiated a treaty with the Netherlands in 1782, was one of the negotiators of the treaties with Great Britain, 1782-83, negotiated a treaty with Pru ia, was appointed minister to London in 1785, and was recalled in 1788. He was Fed eral Vice-President 1789-97, and was elected as Federal 1796. In 1800 was un candidate for President in hered to Quincy in 1801. "Life and Works," edited by C. F. Adams (10 vols., 1850-56); life by J. Q. and C. F. Adams (1871), by J. T. Morse (1885). Adams, John. Born in England about 1760 (?): died at Pitcairn Island, 1829. A leading mutineer of the Bounty (under the name of Alexander Smith) and governor of Pitcairn Island. See Bounty . Adams, John. Born in Tenne ee in 1825: died Nov. 30, 1864. A Confederate general in the Civil War. He was graduated at West Point in 1846, brevetted first lieutenant for gallantry at Santa Cruz de Rosales, and promoted captain of dragoons Nov. 30, 1856: he resigned May 31, 1861, to become a Confederate major general. He was killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn. Adams, John Couch. Born at Lidcot, Cornwall, England, June 5, 1819: died at Cambridge, England, Jan. 21, 1892. An English astronomer, profe or of astronomy at Cambridge and director of the observatory. He shares with Leverrier the honor of the discovery of the planet Neptune (1846). See Neptune . Adams, John Quincy. Born at Brain tree, Ma ., July 11, 1767: died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 23, 1848. The sixth President of the United States, 1825-29, son of President John Adams. He was graduated at Harvard in 1787. and was admitted to the bar in 1791. He was United States minister to the Netherlands 1794-1797, and to Pru ia 1797-1801; United States senator from Ma achusetts 1803-08; profe or of rhetoric and belles-lettres at Harvard 1806-09; United States minister to Ru ia 1809-14; one of the negotiators of the treaty of Ghent, 1814; United States minister to England 1815-17; secretary of state 1817-25; candidate for President, 1824, and, there being no choice by electors, chosen by the House of Representatives. In 1828 Jackson defeated him for the Presidency. He was member of Congre from Ma achusetts (Anti-Masonic and Whig) 18311848, and unsucce ful candidate for governor of Ma achusetts 1834. His diary was edited by C. F. Adams (1874-77). Adams, John Quincy. Born Sept. 22, 1833: died Aug. 14, 1894. An American politician, eldest Son of C. F. Adams (1807-86). He was the unsucce ful Democratic candidate for governor of Ma a chusetts in 1867 and 1871. Adams, Mount. 1. The second highest (5,819 feet) summit of the White Mountains, near Mount Washington.-2. A peak of the Cascade Mountains, 9,570 feet high. Adams, Nehemiah. Born at Salem, Ma ., Feb. 19, 1806: died at Boston, Ma ., Oct. 6, 1878. An American Congregational clergyman, pastor in Boston, and author of devotional and other works. Adams, Parson. See Adams , Abraham . Adams, Point. The northwesternmost headland of Oregon, at the mouth of the Columbia river. Adams, Samuel. Born at Boston, Ma ., Sept. 27, 1722: died at Boston, Oct. 2, 1803. An American patriot and statesman, one of the leaders of the Revolution. He was a delegate to the first Continental Congre , an influential member of the Adams, William. Born at Gilling ham, near Chas am, England: died in Japan, 1620. An English navigator. He joined, as pilot major, in 1598, a Dutch fleet of five ships fitted out by Rotter dam mer chants for the India trade, and after an unfortunate voyage, in which all the ships except the Charity, in which he sailed, returned to Holland or were lost, he arrived at the island of Kiushiu, Japan, April 19, 1600. There he remained, under compulsion, rose into favor at court, and received from the shogun Iyéyasu a considerable estate at Hémi near Yokosuka. In 1613 he obtained for the English the privilege of establishing a trading-station at Firando, and was employed in the service of the factory at Firando from Nov. 24, 1613, to Dec. 24, 1616. Adams, William. Born at Col chester, Conn., Jan. 25, 1807: died at Orange Mountain, N. J., Aug. 31, 1880. An American Presbyterian clergyman, pastor in New York city, and president of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1873-80. Adams, William. Born 1814: died 1848. An English clergyman and writer, vicar of St. Peter's, Oxford (1840): author of "The Shadow. of the Cro " (1842), "Distant Hills" (1844), Adams, William Taylor: pseudonym "Oliver Optic. Born at Medway, Ma ., July 30, 1822: died at Boston, March 27, 1897. An Amer- ican teacher (in the public schools of Boston) and writer of fiction, chiefly juvenile, including the series entitled the "Boat Club," "Young America Abroad," "Starry Flag," ag," "River dale Series," "Onward and Upward," etc. He also founded and edited "Oliver Optic's Magazine." Adam's Bridge, or Rama's Bridge. A dan- Ceylon, about lat. 9° 15′ N., long. 79° 30′ E. gerous shoal, about 30 miles long, northwest of Adams Island. A name of Roa-Poua, one the Marques as Islands. Adam's Peak. A conical mountain, 7,379 feet high, in Ceylon, about lat. 6° 50′ N., long. 80° 30′ E., the seat of Singhalese worship. There is a Buddhist temple on the summit. of Adela usually called the warrior of Bel. His consort was Gula. See A dram me lech . Adara (a-dä rä). [Ar., 'the virgins,' a name for four stars, of which Adara is the brightest, brig in the southern part of Canis Major.] The bright second-magnitude star e Canis Major is, in the animal's thigh. Adbeel (ad'be-el). The name of the third son of Ishmael. Gen. xxv. 13, 1 Chron. i. 29. An Arabian tribe, Idiba ' il , is mentioned in the cuneiform in script ions. It was probably located on the Egyptian bor script i on. name has been found in a in Adda (ä'dä). A river in Italy, the ancient Addua. It rises in the Alps west of the Ortler Spitze, traverses the Val tel line and the Lake of Como, and joins the Po 8 miles west of Cremona. Its length is about 150 miles, and it is navigable about 75 miles. Adding ton (ad'ing-ton), Henry. Born at Reading, England, May 30, 1757: died Feb. 15, 1844. An English politician, created first Vis count Sidmouth in 1805. He entered Parliament in 1783; became speaker 1789-1801, and premier and chancellor of the exchequer 1801-04; negotiated the treaty of Amiens in 1802; and was president of the council 1805, lord privy seal 106, and again president of the council As home secretary, 1812-22, was noted for his repre ive measures. He left the cabinet in 1824. Add is com be (ad'is-kum). A place about 10 miles south of London, formerly the seat of a college for the cadets of the East India Com pany. Add is on (ad'i-son). A town and village in Steuben County, New York, on the Canisteo river 22 miles west of Elmira. Population (1890), town, 2,908; village, 2,166. Add is on, Joseph. Born at Milston, Wilts, May 1, 1672: died at Holland House, London, June 17, 1719. A famous English e ayist, poet, and statesman, son of Lance lot Add is on. He was educated at the Charter house and at Queen's College, Oxford, where he took his M. A. degree in 1693, and in 1698 obtained a fellowship which he held until 1711. A Latin poem which he published in 1697 on the "Peace of Ryswick" brought him a pension of £300, and he proceeded to