gullet, golet, golett

[Fr. goulet, dim in. of O. Fr. gole, goule (Fr. gueule ), from Lat. gula = the throat.] variety of Sarga um vulgare . It flourishes in its present position, propagating itself by breakage, the ve els which it produces not being organs of fructification, but only air vesicles. (S. P. Wood ward .) Gulf-weed banks: The banks where gulf-weed which the food pa es into the stomach; the esoph grows. [GULF-WEED.] *gulf, *gulph, v . t . & i. [GULF, 8.] A. Transitive : 1. To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm as in "And gulphy Simoïs, rolling to the main." Pope : Homer's Iliad xii. 21. I. Ordinary Language: 1. Literally : *(1) An unfledged nestling. "That ungentle gull , the cuckoo's bird." Shakesp.: Henry IV ., v. 1. IMG:content-0837.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Civ . Eng .: A narrow working cutting made in the formation of an excavation, and used as a means of laying down a pair of rails to bring the dirt-cars to the bank. 2. Harne : The lower end of a horse-collar, around which pa es the choke-strap, and the breast-strap which supports the pole of a carriage. 3. Saws : A hollow cut away in front of each saw. tooth, in continuation of the face, on alternate sides of the blade. Such saws are known as gullet saws or brier-tooth saws. The gullet is adapted to allow the saw to be sharpened by a round or half round file, by which the face of the tooth becomes concave when viewed edgeways, and acquires a thin cutting edge. The increased curvilinear space also allows more room for the sawdust. [GULLET-SAW.] gullet-saw, s. A saw having a hollow cut-away in front of each tooth in continuation of the face and on alternate sides of the blade. Called also a brier-tooth saw. sin, as; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. IMG:content-0838.png:[blocks in formation] *gull'-Ish-ne , s. [Eng. gullish; -ne .] The quality or state of being gullish; silline , stupid from Lat. gummi ; Gr. kommi =gum; Sp. goma; IMG:content-0839.png:[blocks in formation] 1. To swallow eagerly or in large draughts. "He does not swallow, but he gulps it down." Cowper: Conversation, 340. "Then thy spruce citizen, washed artisan, And snug apprentice gulp their weekly air." Byron: Childe Harold, i. 69. 2. Chem.: The most typical kind of gum is Gum- arabic, which is the exudation from the stems of several species of acacia growing in Egypt and Arabia. [GUM-ARABIC.] "Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees Their medicinal gum.' is extensively used as a confection, and is commonly called chewing - gum . The term chewing gum is also applied to other kinds of gum prepared and sold as a confection. (2) Doctor's gum is said to be furnished by Rhus me to pium , a Jamaica plant, to which, as well as to some other plants, Hog gum has been attributed. Other compounds, in which gum is the last word, will be found scattered through the book. IMG:content-0840.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Bot . & Comm .: A gum obtained from the Acacia arabica , which grows abundantly in India and Arabia. [ACACIA.] It is yielded also by A. speciosa in India, A. nilotica and A. seyal in Arabia, A. tor- til is and A. ehrenbergiana in tropical Africa, A. moll is sima and affinis supply a similar gum in Australia. Gum-arabic can be obtained also from Vachellia farnesiana of India, a small tree closely allied to the true acacias; a gum akin to it is derived from Terminal i a belerica , a Myrobalan. 2. Chem.: Gum-arabic occurs in transparent white tears, which are often colored yellow or brown by impurities; it cracks on exposure to the air on the surface; it is brittle, inodorous, and has a bland, mucilaginous taste. It di olves in water, and the solution gives a precipitate of arabin on the add i. "As oft as he can catch a gulp of air, And peep above the seas, he names the fair." about 70 per cent. of arabin, 2C6H10O3+H2O, and 17 per cent. of water; the rest consists of potash and lime, which were combined with the arabin. Gum is insoluble in alcohol. By the action of nitric acid it is converted into mucic, saccharic, and oxalic acids. Gum can be distinguished from dextrin by containing no dextrose, and by giving a milky precipitate with oxalic acid. Gum gives precipitate with soluble salts of lead, copper, . The specific gravity of gum is 1:35. Ferric chloride precipitates gum and not dextrin. Bot .: (1) Acacia arabica , (2) A. verek . Red gum - arabic tree : Bot.: Acacia a dans on i i . IMG:content-0841.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Comm .: The gum of Chon drill a juncea . 2. Bot .: That plant itself; it is a composite one. gum-tragacanth, s. The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-0843.png:[blocks in formation] gum-liě, a . [Etym. doubtful.] Muddy. "O ye wha leave the springs of Calvin, For gumlie dubs of your ain delvin!" Burns: A Dedication To Gavin Hamilton, Esq. gum-mą (pl. gum-ma-ta), s. [Lat. gummi = gum, which the tumor resembles in its contents.] [GUM (2).8.] Pathol .: A muscular node or tumor, often const i- tuting one of the tertiary symptoms of syphilitic poisoning. It ends by softening and ulcerating. gum'-mi-ně , s. [Eng. gummy; -ne .] 1. The quality or state of being gummy; viscosity. 2. An accumulation of gummy matter. "The tendons are involved with a great gummine and collection of matter."-Wiseman: Surgery , bk. viii. *gum-mos'-I-ty, s. [Lat. cummosus gummy; gummi =gum.] The nature of gum, gummine ; a viscous or gummy quality or nature. gum-mous, a. [Lat. gummosus, from gummi = gum.] Of the nature or quality of gum; gummy. "Resinous or gummous bodies di olved in spirit of wine."-Boyle: Works, iv. 337. 2. Covered with or bearing gum or viscous mat- ter; productive of gum. "Lightning, whose thwart flame driven down, Kindles the gummy bark of fir and pine." gump-tion, s. [Etym. doubtful.] 1. Shrewdne , cleverne , intelligence. ( Collo- quial .) (Lytton: My Novel , bk. iv., ch. xii.) 2. A term in painting for the art of preparing col. ors. Also applied to a nostrum much in request by painters in search of the supposed "lost medium of the old masters, and to which they ascribe their unapproachable excellence. The formula for pre- paring this medium gives a mixture of drying lin- seed oil and mastic varnish which gelatinizes; or simple linseed oil and sugar of lead. gun, *gonne, *gunne, s. [A word of doubtful origin. Skeat refers it to Wel.gwn a bowl, a gun; lr. & Gael. gunna .] A weapon having a barrel adapted to receive and discharge a mi ile, which is projected by a charge of powder, gun-cotton, or air, as the case may be. The term is applied to all sizes of weapon from the hand gun, or pistol , to the larg- est cannon. The several general cla es are: Pistol: A gun small enough to be held in one hand, aimed and fired. Of this type there are many var i- eties, such as single and double barreled and re- volver. The revolver is the modern pistol, it con- sists of a tube, or barrel, and a revolving chamber which carries the loaded cartridges, together with the firing mechanism and handle. In firing, the loaded chamber automatically revolves, bringing the loaded cartridges alternately opposite the bar IMG:content-0844.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0845.png:[blocks in formation] formed as to rest against the shoulder when brought bores only); into aiming and firing position. In this cla are placed the various sporting or hunting weapons as well as the magazine rifles used by troops in war. The modern magazine gun has a much smaller bore than the old musket, and is also shorter in the bar- rel, yet its carrying power is much greater. This is owing to the improvements made in explosives in recent years, as well as to the rifling , or grooving, of IMG:content-0846.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0847.png:[blocks in formation] spinning, or rotary, motion, which prevents its turn- ing over and over endwise, and not only increases the accuracy with which it will follow the aim, but at the same time presents le surface for atmos- pheric resistance. Of the larger cla , usually called cannon , there are a great many varieties, among which may be named the "field piece," a light rifled cannon mounted upon wheels and arranged to be drawn by horses. These guns are rarely larger than 3 inches in the bore, and are intended for rapid movements. The howitzer , a short gun of comparatively large bore, also the mortar , and employed mainly in siege work. The siege gun is a heavy rifled cannon mounted upon wheels to admit of its being trans- IMG:content-0848.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0849.png:[blocks in formation] charge, traverse the inner face of the enemy's work, and re- bound and roll along the same. Mountain; light IMG:content-0850.png:[blocks in formation] pieces adapted to be dismounted and, with their dislocated car- riages, carried on mules. Some of these have been made in two pieces, which unscrew for ease in transport. IMG:content-0851.png:[blocks in formation] gun-fire, s. Mil.: The hour at which the morning or evening gun is fired. *gun-flint, s . A piece of flint fixed in the lock of a musket to fire the charge, before the introduction of percu ion caps. "Those things we brought away, leaving in the room of them medals, gun - flints , a few nails, and an old empty barrel with the iron hoops on it."-Cook: Second Voyage, bk. i., ch. vii.