Wahhabees

Arabia. face is generally a plateau. It is inhabited chiefly by Ned Myers. A novel by Cooper, published in 1843. Needham (nēd'am). Atown in Norfolk County, Ma achusetts, 11 miles west-southwest of Boston. Population (1890), 3,035. Needles (ne'dlz), The. A group of three pointed rocks in the English Channel, west of the Isle of Wight. Neefe (na'fe), Christian Gottlieb. Born at Chemnitz, Feb. 5, 1748: died Jan. 26, 1798. A German musician. His principal claim to notice is that he was the instructor of Beethoven at Bonn, Neenah (ne'nä). A city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, situated on Fox River 12 miles north of Oshkosh. Population (1890), 5,083. Neer (nar), Aart van der. Born about 1619: died after 1692. A Dutch landscape-painter. Neer, Eglon Hendrik van der. Born at Amsterdam, 1643: died at Dü eldorf, Pru ia, May 3, 1703. A Dutch painter, son of Aart van der Neer. IMG:content-0724.png:[blocks in formation] Bonn in 1819, and at Breslau in 1831. For political reasons he was deprived of his office in 1852. Among his works are "Handbuch der Botanik" (1820-21), and works on entomology, philosophy, etc. Nefert (ne fert). [Egypt., 'good' or 'beautiful.'] An Egyptian queen, wife of Amenemhat II. A life-size statue of her, in black granite, was found in the ruins of Tanis, Lower Egypt. Nefert and Ra-Hotep (rä-hō'tep). Two remarkable statues of early Egyptian art, in the museum at Gizeh, Egypt. The figures are seated, carved in limestone, painted, and with inlaid eyes of gla wears a simple loin-cloth, the prince a close-fitting white and enamel, the effect being strangely lifelike. The prince garment with an elaborate necklace and a diadem. The statues came from the vestibule of a tomb at Meidum. Nefertari (ne-fer-tä'ri) Aahmes. [Egypt., 'beautiful wife of Aahmes.'] An Egyptian queen, wife of Aahmes I. Her mummy-case, "one of the largest and most magnificent ever discovered," is in the museum at Gizeh. Not only in the rock-caves of Tûrah and Ma aarah, opposite to Memphis, but also on a number of public monuments in the interior of the sepulchral chambers of the Theban Necropolis, has the name of this queen been preserved, surrounded by laudatory inscriptions. Long after her decease, this great ancestre of the New Empire was venerated as a divine being, and her image was placed beside those of the eternal inhabitants of the Egyptian heaven. Brugsch, Egypt under the Pharaohs, p. 131. Nefi (nef'e). See the extract. During the reign of Ahmed (1603-1607), arose the sec of ond great light of old Turkish poetry. This Beef of Erzerüm, who is as much esteemed for the brilliancy his kasidas, or eulogies, as Fuzûli is for the tenderne of his ghazels. Like him, he elaborated a style for himself, which found many imitators, the most succe ful of whom was Sabri. Unfortunately for himself, Nef'i was an able satirist: his scathing pen drew down upon him the enmity of certain great men, who prevailed upon Sultan Murad IV. to sanction his execution (1635). Poole , Story of Turkey, p. 315. Negapatam (neg-a-pa-täm'). A seaport in the district of Tanjore, Madras, British India, situated in lat. 10° 45′ N., long. 79° 51′ E. Population (1891), 59,221. Negaunee (ne-ga'ne). A city in Marquette County, Upper Michigan, 11 miles west-southwest of Marquette. It is the center of an iron mining district. Population (1890), 6,078. Negley (neg'li), James Scott. Born in Pennsylvania, Dec., 1826. An American general in the Civil War. He defeated the Confederates at La vergne, Tenne ee, Oct. 7, 1862, and took part in the battle of Chick am aug a. Négrier (na-gre-ā'), François Oscar de. Born at Belfort, 1839. A French general, distinguished in the operations in Tongking and Annam 1885. Negritos (ne-grē tōz). A diminutive dark skinned negro-like race found in the Philippine Islands (of which they seem to have been the original inhabitants), and in New Caledonia, etc., according to some authorities. The average height of the Negritos of the Philippine Islands is about 4 feet 8 inches. Also Negrillos . Negro, Rio. See Rio Negro . Negro race. A race of which the physical characteristics are a large and strong skeleton, long and thick skull, prognathic jaws, skin from dark brown to black, woolly hair, thick lips, and a broad and flattened nose. It occupies in a compact ma the African continent south of the Sahara, The brown races of South Africa, the pygmies of central Africa, and the red-brown races of Sudan, who live in the same area, are comparatively few in number, or are intimately mixed with the negro race. There is no racial difference between the Bantu, speaking languages derived from one mother tongue, and the negroes of Upper Guinea and the Sudan, who speak unconnected languages; nor is there much difference in customs. The non-Bantu languages of the Up per Guinea and Sudan negroes are called, in this work, the Nigritic branch, and this word is also applied to the tribes. The negroes of North, Central, and South America have been deported from Africa. The Papuans and Nigritos of Austral asia, having all or most of the characteristics of the African negroes, are cla ed by some with these, by apart. See African ethnography and languages (under Africa ), Bantu , and Hottentot -Bushmen. Negropont. The modern name of Eubea. Negros (na'gros). One of the Philippine Islands, situated north of Mindanao. Length, about 130 miles. Population, over 200,000. Nehavend (nā-hä-vend'). A place in Persia, 50 miles south of Hamadan, noted for the battle of 641 (642?), in which the Saracens totally defeated the Persians and overthrew the Per sian kingdom. Nehemiah (ne-he-mi'ä). [Heb., 'comforted by Yahveh.'] A Hebrew cup-bearer of Artaxerxes Long i man us of Persia, appointed governor of Judea 444 в. C. He rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem, and restored the national worship. The authorship of a part of the Book of Nehemiah is ascribed to him. Nehemiah, Book of. A book of the Old Testament, written probably in part by Nehemiah. See the extract. Neleus The book of Nehemiah, or, as we have now learned to call it, in accordance with the Hebrew usage, the joint book of Ezra and Nehemiah, which in all probability was one book with Chronicles, carries down the list of high priests as far as Jaddua, who was in office at the time of Alexander (Neh. xii. 11). The book, therefore, was written, at the earliest, at the very end of the Persian period, though it incorporates earlier documents, such as the autobiography of Ezra and the memoir of Nehemiah. W. R. Smith , O. T. in the Jewish Ch., p. 140. gart, Jan. 17, Neher (nā'her), Bernhard von. Born at Biberach, Würtemberg, Würtemberg, Jan. 16, 1806: died at StuttJan. 17, 1886. A German historical painter. Neidhart von Reuenthal (nīt'härt fon roi'enan täl). Place and date of birth unknown: died at Vienna, date unknown. A Middle High German lyric poet of the 13th century. He was a Bavarian knight, took part in the crusade of Leopold II. of Austria 1217-19, and subsequently lived at Vienna at the court of Duke Frederick. His principal poems are dance songs. He is the founder of the popular lyric poetry of the courts-poetry, namely, that found its material in the rude life and manners of the peasants, who were held up to the ridicule of the nobles. His poems were published at Leipsic in 1858. Neilgherry Hills. See Nilgiri Hills . Neill (nel), Edward Duffield. Born at Philadelphia, Aug. 9, 1823: died at St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 26, 1893. An American historian. His works include "English Colonization of America" (1871) and other works on American colonial history, "Concise History of Minnesota" (1887), etc. Neilson (nel's on), Adelaide. Born at Leeds, Yorkshire, March 3,1848: died at Paris, France, Aug. 15, 1880. A noted English actre . Her real name was Elizabeth Ann Brown, and, her mother having subsequently married a Mr. Bland, she was known as Lizzie Bland. At the age of 17 she made her début as Juliet, In 1870 she made a conspicuous succe as Amy Robsart in London, and by 1878 she was the acknowledged queen of the English stage. In 1872 she was equally succe ful at Booth's Theater in New York. She made four visits to America, her last appearance there being on May 24, 1880. Neilson (nel's on), James Branmont. Born near Glasgow, June 22, 1792: died at Queen's Hill, Kirkeudbrightshire, Jan. 18, 1865. A British engineer and inventor. He invented the use of the hot blast in smelting-furnaces. Neipperg (nip'per a), Count Adam Adalbert von. Born April 8,1775: died Feb. 22, 1829. An Austrian general and diplomatist. He married Maria Louisa after the death of Napoleon (1821). Nei e (nis'se). The name of three rivers of Germany, principally in Silesia. (a) Glatzer Nei e, joining the Oder 35 miles southeast of Breslau. Length, miles. (b) Wuthende ('Furious') Nei e, joining the Katzbach below Liegnitz. (c) Lausitzer or Görlitzer Nei e, joining the Oder 26 miles south of Frankfort-on-the-Oder. Length, 140 miles. Nei e. A fortified city in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, situated at the junction of the Biela and Glatzer Nei e, 46 miles south by east of Breslau. It was formerly the capital of an ancient principality of Nei e; repulsed the Hu ites in 1428; was taken by Frederick the Great in 1741, and made a strong fortre ; was unsucce fully besieged by the Austrians in 1758; and was taken by the French June 16, 1807. Population (1890), 22,444 . Neith (ne'ith), or Net (net). [Gr. Νηΐθ , Egypt. Net .] In Egyptian mythology, a lofty person fication of the female principle, the mother of the sun, unbegotten. She was the chief divinity of Saïs, single, supreme, and self-producing. She was ident i- fied by the Greeks with Athene. She was represented as a woman wearing the crown of Lower Egypt. Neiva, or Neyva (nā'ō-vä). A town in the Re- public of Colombia, situated on the Magdalen a 125 miles southwest of Bogotá. Population, about 8,000. Nejd. See Nedjed . Nekayah, Prince . The sister of Ra elas, in Johnson's work of that name. Nekra off, or Nekrasoff (nek-ra's of), Nikolai Alexeivitch. Born in the government of Yaroslaff, Ru ia, Nov. 22 (O. S.), 1821: died at St. Petersburg, Dec. 27 (O. S.), 1877. A distinguished Ru ian poet. He was educated at the cadet school at St. Petersburg. He was editor of "The Con temporary" and "The Annals of the Country." In 1840 he published "Dreams and Elves," a small volume of poems, most of which had already appeared in "The Annals of the Country" and other journals. His poems are published in 6 volumes. Among them are "Red-nosed Frost" (1863), "To Whom is Life in Ru ia Worth Living?" (the last canto of which, owing to the censor, was not published till 1881), and "Ru ian Women." He was e entially a poet of the people. Nélat on (nā-lä-tôn'), Auguste. Born at Paris, June 17, 1807: died at Paris, Sept. 21, 1873. A noted French surgeon, profe or in the medical faculty of the University of Paris 1851-67. His chief work is "Eléments de pathologie chirurgicale" ("Elements of Surgical Pathology," 1844-60). Neleus (nē'lus). [Gr. Νηλεύς.] In Greek mythology, a son of Poseidon and Tyro, founder and king of Pylus in Me enia. He was the father of Nestor. Nellore (ne-lōr'), or Nellur (ne-lör'). 1. A district in Madras, British India, intersected by lat. 14° 30′ N., long. 80° E. Area, 8,765 square miles. Population (1891), 1,463,736.-2. The capital of the district of Nellore, situated on the Pennair 95 miles north by west of Madras. Pop- ulation (1891), 29,336. Nelson (nel's on). A name given to the river Saskatchewan in the lower part of its course. Nelson. A seaport at the northern end of South Island, New Zealand, situated in lat. 41° 15′ S., long. 173° 17′E. (lighthouse). Population (1889), 7,733. bucolic e ay, but proves considerably inferior even to this very mediocre model. Teuffel and Schwabe , Hist. of Roman Lit. (tr. by Warr), Nemesis (nem'e-sis). [Gr. Νέμεσις.] In Greek mythology, a godde personifying allotment, or the divine distribution to every man of his precise share of fortune, good and bad. It was her especial function to see that the proper proportion of individual prosperity was preserved, and that any one who became too prosperous, or was too much uplifted by his prosperity, should be reduced or punished: she thus came to be regarded as the godde of divine retribution. Some- times Nemesis was represented as winged and with the wheel of fortune, or borne in a chariot drawn by griffins, and confounded with Adrasteia, the godde of the inevi- table. Nemesius (ne-me'si-us). [Gr. Νεμέσιος.] Lived in the last part of the 4th century. A theo- logian, bishop of Emesa: author of a Greek treatise "On the Nature of Man." Nemetes (në-mē'tēz). [L. (Cæsar) Nemetes , Gr. (Ptolemy) Νεμῆτοι : of Gallic origin.] A German tribe, first mentioned by Cæsar as in the army of Ariovistus. They were situated at the left side of the middle Rhine, east of the Vosges, in the region about Spires, where they still remained after the defeat of Ariovistus (B. C. 58). They were probably merged ultimately in the Alamanni. Nemi (na'mē), Lake of. A small lake 17 miles southeast of Rome, noted for its beauty: the ancient Lacus Nemorensis. It is an extinct Nemo (nēmō). [L., 'no one.'] The signature of Hablot Knight Browne to the first two plates of Seine-et-Marne, France, on the Loing 45 miles south-southeast of Paris. Pop. (1891), 4,507. Nemours, Duc de (Gaston de Foix). Born in 1489: died April 11, 1512. A celebrated French general. He was the son of Jean de Foix, vicomte de Narbonne, and Marie d'Orléans, sister of Louis XII. He was created duc de Nemours in 1505. In 1512 he con- ducted a brilliant campaign against the Spaniards in Italy, and was killed in the pursuit after a great victory won by Nemours, Duc de (Prince Louis Charles Phi- lippe lippe Raphael Raphael d'Orléans). d'Orléans). Born at Paris, Oct. 25, 1814: died at Versailles, June 25, 1896. The second son of Louis Philippe. He served as gen- eral in the French army, and took part in the expedi- tions against Const an tine (Algeria) 1836-37. From 1848 to 1870 he lived in England, and from 1870 to 1886 in France. He was expelled from the army in 1886. lived subsequently in Belgium. Nemours, Edict of. A treaty concluded in 1585 at Nemours, between Henry III. and the chiefs of the League. Nen (nen), or Nene (nen). Ariver in the eastern counties of England. It flows into the Wash 9 miles west-northwest of King's Lynn. Length, 90-100 miles. Nena Sahib. See Nana Sahib . IMG:content-0725.png:[blocks in formation] Nemausus (ne-ma's us). The Roman name of Nîmes. Nemea (nē mē-ä). [Gr. Νεμέα.] In ancient geography, a valley in Argolis, Greece, 11 miles southwest of Corinth. It is noted as the scene of the Nemean games, and in legend as the haunt of the Nemean lion. Neoplatonists (ne-o-plā tō-nists). ['New Pla- tonists.'] The believers in a system of phil- osophical which originated in Alexandria with Ammonius Saccas in the 3d century, and was developed by Foun Plot in us, Porphyry, Iamb lich us, Hypatia, Pro- clus, and others in the 3d, 4th, and 5th cen- turies. The system was composed of elements of Plato- nism and Oriental beliefs, and in its later development was influenced by the philosophy of Philo, by Gnosticism, and by Christianity. Its leading representative was Plot in us, His views were popularized by Porphyry and modified in the direction of mysticism by Iamb lich us. Considerable sympathy with Neo platonism in its earlier stages was shown by several eminent Christian writers, especially in Alexandria, such as St. Clement, Origen, etc. The last Neo platonic schools were suppre ed in the 6th century. Neoptolemus (ne-op-tol'e-mus), or Pyrrhus (pir'us). [Gr. Νεοπτόλεμος.] In Greek legend, a son of Achilles and Deidameia (or, according to some, Iphigenia): one of the heroes of the Trojan war. He was one of the band which was con- cealed in the wooden horse by means of which the city was captured, slew Priam, and married And rom ache, the wife of Hector. He was later in Epirus, where he carried off Lana a, a granddaughter of Hercules, and plundered the temple of Apollo at Delphi. He married Hermione. At Delphi he was worshiped as a hero, and was said to have protected that shrine from the Goths. Neoptolemus. Killed about 321 в. с. А Mace- donian general in the service of Alexander the Great. Neosho (nē-ōshō). A river in southeastern Kansas and Indian Territory, which joins the Arkansas near Fort Gibson. Length, 300-400 miles. Nephele (nef'e-lē). [Gr. Νεφέλη , a cloud.] In Greek legend, the wife of Athamas and mother of Phrixus and Helle. Nephelococcygia (nef"e-lō-kok-sij'i-ä). [Gr. Νεφελοκοκκυγία, Cuckoo town-in-the-clouds.] A fictitious city, referred to in the "Birds" by Aris toph anes. Nepomuk (nā pō-mök), Saint John of. Born at Pomuk, Bohemia: thrown into the Moldau in 1393 (in legend 1383). A Bohemian ecclesiastic, patron saint of Bohemia. Nepos (nē'pos), Cornel i us. Born probably at Verona, Italy: lived in the 1st century B. C. А Roman historian, a friend of Cicero. See the extract. Teuffel and Schwabe , Hist. of Rom. Lit. (tr. by Warr), [I. 341. Nepos, Julius. Killed at Salona, Dalmatia, 480. Emperor of the West 474 475. He was appointed Nera (nā'rä). A small river in Italy, a tributary of the Tiber. Terni is situated on it. Nérac (nā-räk'). A town in the department of Lot-et-Garonne, France, situated on the Baïse Nérac 65 miles southeast of Bordeaux. Before its capture by Louis XIII. it was important as a Huguenot center. Population (1891), commune, 6,909. Nerbudda (ner-bud'da), better Narbada (närba'da), or Narmada (när-mädä). A river of India which flows into the Gulf of Cambay about lat. 21° 35'N. It is one of the most sacred rivers of India. Length, about 800 miles; navigable about 90 miles. Nerbudda. A division of the Central Provinces, British India. Area, 17,513 square miles. Population (1881), 1,763,105. Nereids (nērē-idz). In Greek mythology, sea nymphs, the daughters of Nereus (whence the name) and Doris, generally spoken of as fifty in number. The most famous among them were A mph i trite, Thetis, and Galatea. The Nereids were beautiful maidens helpful to voyagers, and constituted the main body Poseidon or Neptune. They were imagined as dancing, singing, playing musical instruments, wooed by the Tritons, and pa ing in long proce ions over the sea seated on hippo camps and other sea-monsters. Monuments of of the female, as the Tritons did of the male, followers ancient art represent them lightly draped or nude, in poses of the ocean, and often riding on sea-monsters of fantastic characterized by undulating lines harmonizing with forms. Nereid Friezes. Four friezes from the Nereid monument at Xanthus in Lycia, now in the British Museum. The widest frieze represents a battle between Greeks and Asiatics; the others represent episodes of war, the chase, banquet, and sacrifice. Nereus (nē'rus). [Gr. Νηρεύς .] In Greek mythology, a sea-god, son of Pontus and Gwa, husband of Doris, and father of the fifty Nereids. Nergal (ner'gäl). One of the twelve great gods of the Babylonians and A yrians, mentioned in 2 Ki. xvii. 30 as the deity of Cuthah, a statement fully confirmed by the cuneiform inscriptions. See Cuthah . He primitively, like Adar, the sun-god in his destructive aspect. This is supposed to be expre ed Nervi (ner'vē). A town in the province of Genoa, in his name, Nergal(Akkadian Ne - uru - gal ), 'lord of the great city, i. e, the grave. Both were, however, chiefly consid ered as the divinities of war and the chase. Nergal was represented under the symbol of colo al lions, which guarded the entrance of the A yro-Babylonian temples and palaces. Nergalsharezer (nėr"gäl-sha-rē'zėr). [Babylonian Nergal - shar - uçur , Nergal protect the king.] 1. The name of a Babylonian general (Jer. xxxix. 3) and of a chief of the Magi (Jer. xxxix. 3, 13). -2. A Babylonian king who ruled 560-556 в. с., between Evil Merodach and Nabonidus. He was son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar. Neri (nā rē), Filippo de' (Saint Philip Neri). Born at Florence, July 22, 1515: died at Rome, May 25, 1595. An Italian ecclesiastic, noted as the founder of the Congregation of the Oratory. He was canonized in 1622. Neri (nārē), The. [It., 'the Blacks.] See Bianchi. Neri a (nē-ris'sä). A character in Shakspere's play "The Merchant of Venice": the clever companion and attendant of Portia, who mimics her mistre with a good deal of adroitne . Nero (nē'rō) (originally Lucius Domitius A he no barb us, later Nero Claudius Cæsar Drusus Germanic us). Born at Antium, Italy, Dec. 15, 37 A. D.: committed suicide near Rome, June 9,68. Roman emperor 54-68, son of Domitius Italy, situated on the Gulf of Genoa 6 miles east of Genoa. It is a sea-bathing and winter health resort. Nervii (ner'vi-i). An ancient people of the Belgic Gauls, dwelling in the neighborhood of the Sambre. They were defeated by Julius Cæsar 57 в. с. Nesle (nal). A town in the department of Somme, France, 28 miles east-southeast of Amiens. It was important in former times under the sieurs of Nesle. Population (1891), commune, 2,393. Ne (nes), Loch. A lake in Inverne -shire, Scotland, 6 miles southwest of Inverne . Its outlet is by the Ne into Moray Firth. Length, 224 miles. Ne elrode (nes's el-rō-de), Count Karl Robert. Born at Lisbon, Dec. 14, 1780: died at St. Petersburg, March 23, 1862. A Ru ian statesman and diplomatist. He directed the foreign policy of Ru ia (nearly all the time as minister of foreign affairs) 1813-56. He conducted the negotiations of 1813-15; signed the peace of Paris in 1814; was at the congre es of Vienna 1814-15, Aix-la-Chapelle 1818, Laibach, 1821, etc.; was made chancellor in 1844; and concluded the peace of Paris in 1856. Ne ler (nes'ler), Victor. Born at Baldenheim, Alsace, Jan. 28, 1841. A German composer and conductor. Among his operas are "Dornröschens Braut fahrt" (1868), "Irmingard" (1876), "Der Rattenfänger von Hameln" (1879), "Der wilde Jager" (1881), "Der Trom peter von Säckingen" (1884), "Otto der Schütz" (1886), etc. A he no barb us and A grip pin a (daughter of Ger- Ne us (nes'us). [Gr. Νέσσος .] In Greek legend, manic us). He was his stepfather, the emperor Claudius, in 50, and in 53 married Octavia, the daughter of Claudius by Me alina. In 54 Claudius was poisoned by A grip pin a, who caused her son to be proclaimed to the exclusion of Britannicus, the son of Claudius. His former tutors, the philosopher Seneca and Burrus, commander of the pretorian guards, were placed at the head of the government, and the early years of his reign were marked, on the whole, by clemency and justice. He caused his rival Britannicus to be removed by poison in 55. In 59 he procured the a a ination of his mother, of whose control he had become impatient. Burrus died in 62, whereupon Seneca retired from public life. Freed from the restraint of his former advisers, he gave free rein to a naturally tyrannical and cruel disposition. He divorced Octavia in order to marry Poppe, and shortly afterward the effects of a kick administered by her brutal husband. Having been accused of kindling the fire which in 64 destroyed a large part of Rome, he sought to divert attention from himself by ordering a persecution of the Christians, whom he accused of having caused the conflagration. He put Seneca to death in 65, and 66-68 visited Greece, where he competed for the prizes as a musician and charioteer in the religious festivals. He was overthrown by a revolt under Galba, and stabbed himself to death with the a istance of his secretary. But the imperial Reign of Terror was limited to a comparatively small number of families in Rome. The provinces were undoubtedly better governed than in the later days of the Republic, and even in Rome itself the common people strewed flowers on the grave of Nero.