India

(see Chalukyas, and Chera), overthrowing Pallavas in our 11th century, Buchanan regards them as Kols (or Kolarian non-Aryans): they spoke Tamil and Telagu dialects like the Pandiyas, and gave a name to the Chola-mandalam or Coromandel coast. In Asdka’s texts (250 B.c.) Cholas appear as Chodas or Choras. They are the Chorai of the geographer Ptolemy four centuries later, and are called Cholugas by the traveller Hiuen-Tsang. Sir W. Elliot describes their coinage as Chola-Chalukyan (820-1150 a.c,); but the Dravidian ch becomes s and the 7 interchanges with J, so that Cholas are also Soras and Solas, ruling from before our era to 900 A.c. in S. and Central India from the Palar to the Godavery according to this writer (Vumismat. Oriental.). They built such shrines as Kolidam, on the Colertin. They were mostly worshipers of Siva, but their coins, while ruling in Raja Mandri (Mah-Indra) and Vengi, are marked with the Yoni, the conch shell, the baton, crozier, bull, fleur-de-lis, and Tri-sul or trident (Elliot, p. 134), Some of the earliest show the tiger, a bow, or a fish, suggesting Vishnu worship. The Cholas seized Ceylon, 1071 a.c., expelled king Vijaya-bahu from his capital Anu-ridha-pir, and thus destroyed Buddhism; but his descendants conquered the Tamils and held Lanka for a century (see Ceylon). Cholula. The “Holy City,” once the capital of Tolteks (see Azteks), on the road from Mexico to Vera Cruz, on the plateau of Puebla. It still has a population of 6000 persons. When Cortez pillaged it and ma acred the population, in 1519 a.c., it was the great centre of the worship of Kuetzal-koatl. Bancroft says that this _ deity’s “noble semi-spherical temple stood on the summit of a quadrilateral truncated pyramid, nearly 200 feet high, and ascended _ by 120 steps... now surrounded by the shrines of Our Lady de los Remedias” (Histy.