REEVE, William

[s. 633] : Born in England, 1794; studied at Gosport; sailed April 22, 1816, as a of LMS to India; stationed first mi ionary the In January, 1821, accompanying at Bellary. Mrs. Reeve to Madras, on her way to England for health, he remained in Madras, occupied in the revision of the Kanarese version of the Old Testament. He returned in October to Bellary, leaving again for Madras in Januarv, 1824, to arrange for printing his Kanarese and English dictionary. The same year he sailed for England; reembarked for India in 1827, and was stationed at Bangalore. In 1831 he went to Madras to superintend the printing of his Kanarese and English dictionary, which, being completed, he returned to Bang a In 1834, on account of ill-health, he left lore. Reformed (Dutch Reforsued (German) with his family for England. He died at Bristol > February 14, 1850. REFORMED (Dutch) CHURCH IN AMERICA, of Foreign Mi ions: As early as 1643 mi ionary work was carried on by ministers of this body among the Mohawk Indians, and the interest grew with the years. In 1816 the Church united with the Presbyterian and A ociate Reformed Churches in forming the United Mi ionary Society, which sent mi ionaries to the Indians, until 1826, when it was merged in the ABCFM. In 1832 the General Synod elected “The Board of Foreign Mi ions of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,” which, the operating through the American Board, was allowed to conduct its mi ions according to the ecclesiastical polity of the Church. It continued its connection with the American Board until 1857, when an amicable separation took place, due to no di atisfaction, but to a growing conviction that more would be accomplished if the two Boards acted independently. In the same year the American Board transferred to this Board the mi ion at Amoy, in China, and the Arcot Mi ion in India, with the individual mi ionaries composing them. The contributions, which were in 1857 but $10,076, rose the next year to $25,034; and have since gone on increasing, till in 1902-3 they reached the sum of $158,895. Board and Organization: The Board of of the Reformed Church in America consists of 27 members, ministers and laymen, of whom at least one-half shall be ministers, chosen by the General Synod, and regularly incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. Its members are chosen for three years, and are divided into three cla es, so that Constitution Foreign Mi ions one-third of the membership is elected each year. In addition to the regularly constituted Board, each Cla is nominates from its own members a mi ionary agent, subject to the approval of the General Synod, for the purpose of advancing the interests of foreign mi ions within the bounds of the Cla is. These agents are, by act of General Synod, authorized to attend any or all meetings of the Board, and to participate in its proceedings. This agency serves a very useful purpose as a medium of communication between the Board and the churches, and in developing and fostering a greater interest in mi ions throughout the churches. In 1875 “The Woman’s Board of Foreign Mi ions of the Reformed Church in America” was organized. In 1880 it a umed the support of the work of the Church Board for women and children in all its mi ion fields, including the maintenance of several seminaries for girls in China, India, and Japan. Its contributions have steadily increased, and have usually been more than sufficient for the purpose named. In 1875 it received $2,891; in 1903, $,50,911, and in the twenty-eight years of its existence, $631,691. Develojiinent of Foreign Work: The foreign mi ions of the Pv,eformed Church have been six in number, of which five are now maintained. The earliest mi ion was established on the island of Borneo in 1836. Four mi ionaries, with their wives and an unmarried woman, sailed for Borneo Two stations were established at Sambas and Pontianak, with schools and preach in that year. ing services in three languages. The first mi ionaries were joined at different times by five others, and part of the force began work among the Chinese colonies in Borneo. In 1844 two of the 61S mi ionaries, Me rs. Pohlman and Doty, were transferred to the more promising field of Amoy; others were obliged, from ill-health, to return home, and the mi ion was abandoned. China: The Mi ion of the Reformed Church in Amoy was the first in that field. It was commenced by Rev. David Abeel, in 1842, when Amoy, at the close of the opium war, became an open port, and was reenforced in 1844 by Me rs. Pohlman and Doty, who had been laboring among the Chinese colonists in Borneo. The district occupied by it is about 60 miles square, and has a population of 3,000,000. In this district are four stations and forty-three outstations and preaching places. There are at present in the mi ion 6 ordained mi ionaries and one unordained, and 16 women (eleven unmarried). The first church was organized with eleven members in 1851, and there are now (1903) in the field 12’ churches, of which all are practically self-supporting, with a total of 1,389 communicants. The contributions from these churches during the year amounted to $7,051 Mexican. Medical and educational work is carried on. During the year 1889 a hospital was built in the station of Sio-ke. Connected with the hospital force is a native helper, and to all who come for treatment and medicine the Gospel is preached. In 1898, Hope Hospital and the Netherlands Women’s Hospital were opened at Amoy, the latter built and supported by friends in the Netherlands, but’ conducted by the Mi ion. The educational work of the Mi ion is represented by 13 day schools with 298 scholars, a Bible school where native women are fitted to become Bible women, 3 seminaries, one male and two female, and a union theological seminary, which is carried on by the American Reformed and English Presbyterian Mi ions conjointly. India: The Arcot Mi ion was organized in 1853 by Revs. Henry M., William W., and Joseph Scudder, three sons of Rev. John Scudder, M.D., one of the pioneers of American mi ions among the Tamils. The Mi ion occupies chiefly the Arcot districts of the Madras Presidency, with an area of 8,333 square miles, and a population of about 2,400,000, nearly equally divided between Tamils and “Telugus. The people are divided into three general cla es or castes, and the intense caste feeling forms one of the great difficulties of the mi ion work. The Brahmans, altho but 4 per cent, of the population, are by far the most influential section. The Sudras form 75 per cent, of the population and are virtually the people. They are, like the Brahmans, tenacious caste-holders. The Pariahs, or outcastes, form 20 per cent, of the population, and are in a, most pitiable condition, being little more than slaves. Much of the succe of mi ion effort has been among this cla . The mi ion has 8 stations and 163 outstations. These outstations are placed under the care of native pastors and catechists, who also preach surrounding villages. The catechists are unordained helpers, but perform the same labors as a pastor, with the exception of administering the offices of the Church. There are now on the field 9 ordained mi ionaries, 3 of whom are physicians, and 1 unordained, together with 16 women The number of churches is 20, (6 unmarried). in the and of communicants, 2,511, of which number 105 were received last year. There are in the Mi ion 8 boarding schools (4 male and 4 female), 18 caste girls’ schools, and 171 day schools. 617 There is also at Palman^r a theological seminary, opened March, 1888, for which a special endowment fund of about $50,000 was raised by Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, D.D., while in the United States in 1887. The Mi ion has also a hospital and dispensary at Ranipet, near Arcot, Mary Tabor Schell Hospital for and the Women, at Vellore. At Vellore is also the ElizaVoorhees College, with more than 1,000 beth R. students. A mi ion to Japan was begun in 1859, when Rev. G. F. Verbeclv and Rev. S. R. Brown, with Dr. D. B. Simmons, sailed for that Empire. Mr. Verbeck went to Nagasaki, and Dr. Brown to Kanagawa, and later to Yokohama. In 1889 the Mi ion was divided into the North Japan Mi ion, having its center at Tokio- Yokohama, and the South Japan Mi ion, with its headquarters at Nagasaki. The North Japan Mi ion has a force of 20 mi ionaries, six ordained men and one seven married and six unmarried principal stations: occupies five unordained; women. It Yokohama, Tokio, Nagano, Morioka, and Aomori, with 24 outstations and preaching-places. Many churches have been gathered and organized, with you sands of communicants, which have no longer anj’ formal connection with the Mi ion, and of which no report can be made. The churches or congregations at present directly under its care are two, with 498 communicants, whose contributions, in 1901, amounted to $1,059. Its principal institutions are the Ferris Seminary at Yokohama, a boarding school for girls, with 96 pupils, and the Meiji Gakuin at Tokio, the support and conduct of which it shares with the Board of Foreign Mi ions of the Presbyterian Church. This institution has an academical department with 168 students and a theological department with 12. The South Japan Mi ion has its field in the Eleven mislarge southern island of Kiushiu. sionaries are connected with it, five ordained men, two married and four unmarried women. It occupies four stations: Nagasaki, Saga, Kagos him a, and Kumamoto. It has 4 churches under its care, with 339 communicants, whose contributions amounted to $990. At Nagasaki are located the Steele College for boys and young men, having 100 students, and the Sturges Seminary for girls, with 54 students. The Arabian Mi ion was established as an independent and undenominational Mi ion in 1889 for special work among Mohammedans. It was adopted by the Reformed Church in 1894. Its stations, on the wesi coast of the Persian Gulf, are three: Busrah, Bahrein, and Muscat, with two In all the outstations at Amara and Nasariyeh. territory occupied by it there is no other mi ion. It has acce to a population estimated at 1,600,000. Its mi ionaries are 13, seven men, of whom two are physicians and one unordained; four married women, of wliom two are physicians, and two unmarried. During the year 1902 were sold 4,059 Bibles, Testaments, and Scripture portions, in seventeen different languages; 3,362 were sold to Mohammedans. The Mason Memorial Hospital at Bahrein, for which a donation of $6,000 was received in 1901, was completed in 1902, and promises to be an efficient aid in the work of the Mi ion. It was doubtle the original intention of the Reformed Church, as expre ed in the constitution of its Board of Foreign Mi ions, that Cla es Reformed (Dntcli> Reformed (German) or ecclesiastical bodies similar to those in the United States, and having organic relation to the Synod, should be organized at as early a date as po ible in each of its mi ion fields. This purpose has been carried out only in the Arcot Mi ion in India. The Cla is of Arcot was organized in 1854. The attempt to secure a similar organization at Amoy was made in 1857. It was met, however, with earnest remonstrance by the members of the mi ion, who were closely a ociated in sympathies and labors with the mi ionaries of the English Presbyterian Church. Their view finally prevailed, and the mi ionaries of both churches, together with their native pastors and elders, now form a single ecclesiastical body. In 1876 the union of the mi ionaries of the Reformed Church in Japan with those of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the Presbyterian Church (North) of the United States in the”Council of United Mi ions,” and the formation of the “United Church of Christ in Japan,” embracing the churches organized under these mi ions, was approved by the Synod. In 1886 the General Synod formally approved the stand taken by its Board of Foreign Mi ions “on the important subjects of Union and Cooperation in Foreign Mi ions, etc.,” and “permitted and advised” the Cla is of Arcot “to initiate such measures as shall tend to bind together the churches of the Presbyterian polity in India.” In September, 1902, the “Synod of the South Indian United Church” was constituted, by the union of the Cla is of Arcot, with the Madras Presbytery of the United Free Church of Scotland. The Reformed Church, therefore, occupies advanced ground in relation to the principle of cooperation in mi ion work, and the establishment in each mi ion field of a national, self governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating cliurch, “that shall grow from its own root.” OuG.A-\; The Mi ion Field, monthly; The Mi ion Gleaner (Woman’s Board), monthly; Neglected Arabia (Arabian Mi ion), quarterly. REFORMED (German) CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES; Foreign Mi ions of the: The Board of Commi ioners for Foreign Mi ions of the Reformed Church in the United States was organized on September 29, 1838, at Lancaster, Pa. The suggestion came from the Home Mi ionary Society, and met with a most cordial response. From 1840 to 1865 the Board had no foreign mi ionary of its own, but was a regular contributor to the ABCFM toward the support of Rev. Benjamin Schneider, D.D., mi ionary in Turkey. Beginning with 1860, the Synod became di atisfied with this method, and in 1865 it decided to establish its own mi ion, applying its funds to tlie support of the India Mi ion, and to the work among the Winnebago Indians in Wisconsin. In the year 1873 the Board was reorganized, and laid the foundation for its present flourishing mi ion in Japan. Tlie first mi ionaries, the Rev. A. D. Gring and his wife, settled in Yokohama in 1879, but it was thought best to remove to Tokio, and there, in May, 1884, he organized the first church. Other fields of labor in Japan have been Fukushima, Sendai, North and South Miyagi, Yamagata and Akita. The report (190i) shows 19 mi ionaries in charge of about 50 places, where work is conducted in the different fields, a isted Reformed Presbyterian Regions Beyond by 10 ordained ministers and 25 evangelists. The church membership was 2,142, and there were 40 schools, with 130 teachers and 1,420 pupils. The Mi ion suffered a serious lo in the burning of the girls’ school building at Sendai, but the result has been enlargement rather than retrenchment. The Industrial Home at Sendai is another important feature in the work. In 1899 the Board commenced work in China, sending out Rev. Mr. Hoy and, later. Rev. Frederick Cromer to Yo-chow, in the province of Hu-nan. A medical mi ionary and his wife, also a physician, have been more recently appointed. Auxiliary to the Foreign Mi ion Board is the Woman’s Mi ionary Society, General Synod of the Reformed Church in the U. S., with headquarters at Tiffin, Ohio. REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN (Covenanter) CHURCH IN NORTH AMERICA; Foreign MisAt a meeting of the Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America held in 1818, a committee was appointed to insions of the: quire into the expediency of establishing a foreign Nothing was accomplished then, how mi ion. ever, and it was not until 1841 that the question was seriously studied, and plans for foreign work proposed. In 1843 a committee was chosen to select a field for cultivation, and the island of St. Thomas, in the West Indies, was chosen. In 1864 this spot was abandoned in favor of Haiti, and a mi ion commenced in 1847, which, however, was discontinued in 1849; At a meeting of Synod, held in 1856, interest in mi ions was revived, and it was resolved to recommence foreign work. Syria was chosen as The Rev. R. J. Dodds the field of operations. and Joseph Beattie were chosen mi ionaries, and with their families sailed for Syria in October, After spending some time in Damascus 1856. and Zahleh, Latakia, on the Mediterranean, was selected in October, 1859, where the mi ion was permanently established. In 1867, the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland having abandoned its mi ion to Aleppo, Dr. R. J. Dodds took charge of it until his death in 1870. The work was extended to Suedieh on the River Orontes in 1875, to Tarsus, The in Cilicia, in 1882, and later to Mersine. Latakia Mi ion has also undertaken work on the Within recent years a Chinese island of Cyprus. mi ion has been in progre in Oakland, Cal., and Indian mi ions have been established at several points in the United States, and more recently a station has been opened at Te-tsingchau (Tak-hing-chau), in the western part of the province of Kwang-tung, China. The work in Syria has been chiefly among the Nusairiyeh, who, while nominally Muslims, are really a pagan people. They are the lineal descendants in race and religion of the Can a a nites who fled before Joshua, and are as yet almost absolutel)’ inacce ible to any Christian influence. Holding to their ancient faith with a pertinacity that is wonderful, yet compelled by a relentle oppre ion to cover their belief under the forms of a hated religion, they have developed a power of deceit and di imulation probably not equalled in the history of any race. They have repelled, in their gloomy isolation, all Christian workers, except the sturdy Scotch Covenanters, who, with persistency not le dogged than their own, but with a faith wliich lays hold on the power of the highest, have commenced their attack fhc mi ionary force consists (1900) of 20 mise i8 sionaries, 48 native workers, in 4 stations and 9 outstations, with 310 communicants, and 730 pupils in 14 schools. In China there are (1903) 8 mi ionaries (2 physicians). The work is yet in its infancy. REGIONS BEYOND MISSIONARY ITNIOir Formerly known as the East London Institute for Home and Foreign Mi ions) In 1873 the Rev. H. Grattan Guinne , D.D., a Baptist minister in London, organized the East London Institute for Home and Foreign Mi ions, for the special purpose of training for mi ionary service those anxious to enter it, but unable to do so for lack of means. An old-fashioned house on Stepney Green was secured, and during the first year 32 students were received. A second house was taken, and as the needs increased a third was added, as also a wing to the original building, known as “Harley House.” From the beginning the enterprise has been strictly undenominational, its property vested in a board of trustees representing different Christian bodies, and has had the cordial support and counsel of such men as Rev. F. B. Meyer, G. E. Morgan, Esq., of The Christian; George Hanson, D.D., R. Wright Hay, and others. More than eleven hundred men and women have had a longer or shorter training in this institute, and have gone to the foreign field in connection with about forty mi ionary societies, or as independent, self-sustaining mis(: sionaries. They have represented various nation- Scotch, Irish, and American, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Danish, Ru ian, Bulgarian, Syrian, Egyptian, Kaffir, Negro, Hindu, Parsee, Kurd, and Hebrew. They have gone into all parts of the world: to China, India, Syria, Armenia, Egypt; to France, Spain, Portugal, Italy; to the east and west coasts of Africa, Natal and Cape Colony; to Prince Edward’s Island, Cape Breton, Canada, and the Western States of America; to the West Indies, Brazil, and the Argentine Republic; Australia and New Zealand. In addition to this foreign work, a large home mi ion work is carried on in the East London district of Bromley, where students and deacone es receive practical training in evangelistic and medical mi ion work, and a large amount of helpful influence is brought to bear upon the neglected ma es of the great city. For some years the attention of Dr. and Mrs. Guinne was confined to the institute, but with the opening up of the Congo there arose an earnest desire to send the Gospel into the interior far beyond the points upon the coast then occupied. Rev. A. Tilly, of Cardiff, one of the directors of the BMS, turned to Dr. Guinne and invited the cooperation of the institute in an attempt to send Me rs. a few evangelists right into the interior. Cory, of Cardiff, and Irwine, of Liverpool, promised a istance, and upon the publication of Stanley’s letters, in the fall of 1877, it was decided to attempt an entrance into Africa by the new route, the friends above named forming themselves into a committee for the conduct of the enterprise, to which was given the title, The Living stone Inland Mi ion. The Mi ion was to be evangelical, but undenominational, and it was hoped at first that it might be made self-supporting; but this idea was soon relinquished by the committee. Funds to start with having been contributed chiefly by the committee, volunteers were furnished by the Institute. Mr. Tilly acted as Secretary for the first three years, but in 1880 alities: English, the work had so increased as to require more time than he could spare from his pastoral duties, and Dr. and Mrs. Guinne were aslved to undertake the sole responsibility of the Mi ion and its support as a branch of the East London Institute, the committee to resign all share in its management, and act only as an advisory council. Dr. and Mrs. Guinne a ented to this plan, and the Mi ion was thus conducted for several years. In 1883 the ABMU turned its attention to the Congo, and overtures were made to it by the Institute to take up the work, which was already well established, and leave the English organ i The zati on free to go to the “regions beyond.” was one of concentration policy of the and radiation from a center, while the idea upon which the Living stone Inland Mi ion was organized was a chain of stations to reach far into the ABMU interior. Reformed Presbyterian Regions Beyond ei9 The Union felt that the Living stone Mi ion, with its extreme stations, 800 miles apart, would give them room enough and to spare for several years to come, and they were unwilling to extend operations beyond the The directors of the Institute, on the equator. other hand, were constantly asl-cing what of the region beyond, with its tens of millions of people And at length, in 1888, yet to be evangelized? they resolved to take up the African work again, extending it farther up the Congo and along the Thus the Congo Balolo Mi ion tributary rivers. was formed to be in perfect harmony with, but independent of, the ABMU. The Swedish mi ionaries, when the mi ion pa ed under American management, formed a separate society and continued work on the north bank of the cataract of the Congo, one of Nils Westlind, translating the their number, entire New Testament into the dialect used there. In 1886 Dr. Harry Guinne became a ociated with his father and mother in the work of the Institute, and in 1891 sailed for the Congo to study the conditions and po ibilities of mis Subsequently sionary service in Central Africa. he turned his attention to Central and South America. Gradually the scope of the Society’s work enlarged until in 1899 it a umed the name of “The Regions Beyond Mi ionary Union,” by which it is now known; the central thought being to reach lands beyond those already within the Dr. Guinne visited sphere of mi ionary labor. Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile, cro ed the Andes and descended the Amazon. The result was the establishment of mi ion work at Cuzco, in Peru, and in Argentina. The last field occupied by the Union is in India, where it commenced work in 1899 in Behar, one of the darkest and most needy sections of the empire. Living stone Inland Mi ion: The pioneer of this mi ion, Mr. Henry Craven, with a Danish sailor, who was quickly recalled as unworthy, reached Banana, at the mouth of the Congo, in February, 1878. A pa age in a trading ve el was secured to Boma, 70 miles up the river, and by canoe to After the usual Yellala Falls, 30 miles farther. African experience a landing stage was built at Matadi, at the end of the lower river navigation, and a station formed at Pala Vala, 15 miles inland on a plateau 1,600 feet above the sea, where the population were, in the main, friendly. Two a ociates joined the mi ion in the summer, and seven more by the end of the year, and a staT he question was formed at Bansa Manteka. tion of transportation became a most difficult one. The natives were unreliable, the Kroo-men from Sierra Leone expensive. A well-equipped party from England arrived in 1880 to find that several of the company that preceded them had died; but they pre ed on toward Stanley Pool. In 1881 the little steam-launch ” Living.stone” was sent out with another band of volunteers. The vici itudes of the work, the sickne of so many, and the lo by death of five, led to doubts as to the wisdom of continuing the attempt. The experience of other societies, however, encouraged them, and new stations were formed until, when in 1884 the mi ion was transferred to the ABMU, seven stations were in working order: Mukimocka, Palabala, Bansa Manteka, Mukimbunga, Lukunga, Leopoldville, and Equatorville. The “Henry Reed” was afloat on the Upper Congo, and twenty mi ionaries, four of them married, formed the working staff of the mi ion. Since the foundation of the work nearly fifty had volunteered for it and had been sent out. A few proved unfit and were recalled, some were broken in health, and eleven had given up their lives on the Congo. Congo Balolo Mi ion: Until early in the 19th century, the dwellers on the southern bank of the Upper Congo were peaceful members of the Bantu race. At that time a great nation came traveling westward, and took po e ion of the left bank of the stream, turning out the former occupants and bringing in a new language, customs and people. The powerful invaders were significantly strong tribe. called Balolo, Iron people, or the The country which tlie invaders conquered, and have since kept and dwelt in, is nearly five times as large as England, and fills the horseshoe bend of the Congo extending from the Lomami in the east to Lalces Mantumba and Leopold on the west, and from Lopori on the north to tlie headwaters of the Bosira and Jaupa — on the south. In 1888 Mr. John MoKittrick, of the Living stone Mi ion, returned to England on furlough from the advanced outpost of the mi ion. Equator Station, with an intense interest in the Balolo, and also a living specimen of the race, a Balolo boy named Bompole. The result of this apparently accidental visit was the organization of the Wlien the pioneer party for the Balolo mi ion. new field was ready to sail a farewell meeting was Many held at Exeter Hall, in March, 1889. speeches were made one at least unexpected — and unpremeditated. It was spoken by Bompole’s dark lips, and in his high, shrill voice. Hundreds of listeners in the great haU were hushed into silence to hear the few and ignorant words framed into broken sentences, for Bompole’s vocabulary was very limited, and of grammar he knew nothing. The little lad said his people “wanted Gospel,” and then asked, “Isn’t sliame to keep Gospel to yourself? it a shame Not meant for English only! Isn’t it a shame? — My people wanting gospel! shame?” Isn’t it — isn’t it a Was ever the cause of foreign mi ions The mi ion band sailed more forciblv put? from England on the 18th of April, 1889, and reached its destination on the Lulonga River in the middle of August— four months only to accomplish what ten years before could not have been done at all! How different the experience of this party from that of the pioneers of the The hearty cooperation Living stone Mi ion I of the mi ionaries already in the field not only facilitated the journey, but also averted the Regions Beyond Relief Work danger from exposure and inexperience to which many cases had succumbed. No fatal illne occurred on the journey, and the mi ionaries have since their arrival continued in good health. Early in 1890 the second party arrived, and with them the Mi ion’s own steam-launch, the “Pioneer,” which had been built in London, and was to be reconstructed as the “Henry Reed” had been, at Stanley Pool. This was followed in 1902 by the the earlier workers in so “Living stone,” a much finer boat than its predOf the 96 mi ionaries who, in the thirteen years, 1889-1902, entered the service of this mi ion, 30 have died, 35 remain on the mi ion staff, 6 are in the home work, 8 have joined other mi ions, 9 broke down in health and reT he results tired, and 8 proved unsatisfactory. in the field have not been as apparent as in some other sections, notably the cataract region, where and the Swedes are working; but the ece or. ’ ABMU reports show spiritual awakening, and there are cla es of enquirers numbering 100. In the schools there are about 1,500 children, and to tliese the mi ionaries look for the best fruit. Argentina and Peru: The work of the Regions Beyond Mi ionary Union in South America was the result of the visit to that continent of Dr. Harry Guinne , after his visit to Africa. There seems to have been no definite enterprise, as in the case of the Congo-Balolo Mi ion, but a number of those who had graduated at Harley House went out independentl)^, and afterward were gathered into two mi ions in Argentina and Peru, tho without any very complete organizaIn Argentina, work, partly evangelistic, tion. partly educational, is carried on at Buenos Aires, Las Flores, Coronel Suarey, and Tres Arroyos, in each case under the care of a mi ionary and his wife, with the a istance of native evanThe schools are on the pay gelists and teachers. system and the income contributes materially toward the expense of the mi ion work, the meeting deficiencies. In Buenos Aires a group of nurses has been established, especially for maternity work, and acce being thus gained to families, a wider influence is secured. Throughout the whole of Argentina the hearts of the people are becoming more open to spiritual instruction. School work may not be profitable from a pecuniary point of view, but is of great value for its eifeot upon the parents, as well as the later RBMU children. In Peru the work was commenced in 1893 by two men, Me rs. Jarrett and Peters, who secured an entrance into Cuzco despite the most bitter opposition. The clergy daily preached against them in all the churches, the people pa ed them with averted glance, and every door was closed Their a a ination was at their approach. advocated by some, and at last they were com Another attempt the pelled to leave (1895). next year was unsucce ful, but in 1897 they Opening a British art established themselves. store as the reason for their residence, and supporting themselves partly by the sale of photographs, they succeeded in gaining the confidence of the people until after six years they were welcomed in every part of the city, and were free to speak the Gospel me age wherever they chose. Two of the mi ionaries, Mr. Newell and Mr. Peters, were even invited to give instruction in athletics and drawing in the Government schools. In February, 1903, the first evangelical church in the interior of Peru was organized by Mr. Jarrett at Cuzco. Mr. Peters has been made a citizen of Cuzco and been elected a member of the municipality a striking illustration of the change that is taking place in more than one- — South American community. 638