Case, August Us

LUDLOw, rear-admiral U. S. Navy, was born in Newburg, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1813. He entered the navy as a midshipman, April 1, 1828. During the Mexican war he participated in the capture of Vera Cruz and Tobasco. He took part in the capture of Forts Hatter as and Clarke while serving as fleet-captain of the North Atlantic blockading squadron. With the a istance of the steamers James Adger and Mt. Vernon, while in command of the Iroquois, in 1863, he cut out the blockade runner Kate, under the fire of the forts and batteries at New Inlet, N. C. In June, 1873, he was appointed to the command of the European squadron, and was also chief of the Bureau of Ordnance from Aug. 1869 to May 1873. Died in Washington, D. C., Feb. 17, 1893. Case-hardening. ( Mech .) A method of covering, with a surface-layer of steel, articles of cast or wrought iron or steel. Its purpose is to enable the articles treated to resist surface wear, while retaining their orig. inal tenacity. The articles are packed in a ve el filled with some substance which will yield carbon at a red heat. This carbon combines with the surface-iron of the article and converts it into a skin of steel. After being heated for the requisite length of time, it is plunged into water. The substances formerly used as carbon-yielders in case-hardening were such animal refuse as hoofs, horns, bones, skins, ., but yellow pru iate of potash is now nearly always employed. The steel coating produced is usually very thin, its thickne being seldom more than a sixteenth of an inch.