Carl's on, Frederick

FERDINAND, historian, was born in Upland, Sweden, June 13, 1811. He was educated in the University of Upsala, where he graduated in 1833, and in 1836 was made profe or of history. In 1837 he was called to Stockholm as tutor to the prince royal, and subsequently was minister of public instruction and worship at Stockholm. He became a member of the Academy of Sweden, and of the French Academy Sciences. His principal work is his History of Sweden, which appeared both in Swedish and German. This work attained a high place in the literature of his country. Died March 18, 1887. Carmine Purple. ( Dyeing .) A dye obtained by the solution of uric acid in nitric acid, care being taken to prevent boiling over and too great an increase of temperature. The mixture should remain standing quietly for some days, after which a thick, pasty, or doughy substance is obtained, which is to be treated with warm water. The filtered liquid po eses a reddish or yellowish color, resulting from the organic substances decomposed by the nitric acid. It is next to be evaporated in a large enamelled iron ve el, but not heated to the boiling-point. After the liquid has been evaporated to a sirupy consistency, and has a umed a beautiful brownish-red or violet color, it is allowed to cool. Carnegie ( kar - na - gy ), ANDREW, manufacturer; born at Dumferline, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1835; removed to the U. S. in 1845. After having served as telegraph me enger and operator, he was appointed clerk to the superintendent of telegraph lines of the Pennsylvania R. R. Co. at Pittsburg, and superintendent of the Pittsburg Division of Pennsylvania R. R. The foundation of his present fortune was started by his succe in introducing the Woodruff sleeping car. He afterward formed one of a syndicate which purchased the Story farm on Oil Creek for $40,000. The returns from this investment netted him $1,000,000 in cash dividends the first year. The steel works which bear his name are now among the largest and best in the world. A number of British newspapers are owned by him, and he has spent large sums of money for educational and charitable purposes. For the use of the people in his native town he established commodious swimming baths, and also gave $40,000 for a free library. To the Bellevue Hospital Medical College he gave $50,000 in 1884, for a histological laboratory, and for a public library at Pittsburg, $500,000, in 1886; $250,000 for a music hall and library at Allegheny City, Pa. The Carnegie Music Hall, in New York, was erected in 1890 through his instrumentality. For a library in Edinburgh he has given $250,000, and $50,000 for a library at Ayr; and he has also established a library at Braddock, Pa. He is the author of An American Four-inhand in Britain; Round the World; and Triumphant Democracy; and has contributed articles to periodicals on social and economic topics. Carnot ( kar - no '), MARIE FRANCO IS, SADI-, a French statesman, born in 1837, grandson of Bonaparte's celebrated war minister, Lazare N. M. C. (q. v.) His father was also a well known politician and author, and a follower of the Simonians . (See SAINT SIMON.) Sadi-C . graduated as engineer in 1863; in 1871, at the downfall of the second Empire, he was appointed Prefect of the Department of Seine -Inferieure, and was charged with the organization of the national defence. In 1871 he was elected to the A embly. He was Minister of Public Works under M. Ferry in 1881, and Minister of Finance in 1882 and again in 1886. On the resignation of Mr. Grévy, in 1887, he was elected by the Legislature (Dec. 3) to the office of President of France. The policy of his administration was one of peace, reform, economy, and the promotion of the efficiency of the army and navy. He was opposed by the radical factions of the state, and on the night of June 24, 1894, while attending an exposition at Lyons, was stabbed by an Italian anarchist. He died the next day.