Madrid, Oct

14, 1784: died at Madrid, Sept. IMG:content-0491.png:[blocks in formation] He ascended the throne March 19, 1808, a popular revo- lution at Aranjuez having compelled his father to abdi- cate. On May 6, 1808, he was forced by Napoleon to re- nounce his throne, and was interned at Valençay until March, 1814, when he returned to Spain. He abolished the liberal constitution of 1812, restored the Inquisition, and complied generally with the demands of the Abso- lutist or Apostolical party. A revolution restored (March 9, 1820) the constitution of 1812, which was abolished through French intervention in 1823. He abolished the Salic law by the pragmatic sanction of March 29, 1830. See Carlos, Don (Carlos Maria José Isidoro de Bourbon ). Sicilies 1830-59, son of Francis I. whom he suc- ceeded. His oppre ive and despotic reign provoked nu- merous political disturbances, which culminated in 1848 in a popular rising in Sicily. This rising was quelled in 1849 by the bombardment of the principal cities, an expe- dient which acquired for him the epithet of "Bomba." ba." His treatment of political suspects was made the subject of two letters addre ed to the Earl of Aberdeen by Mr. Gladstone, who visited Naples in 1850. Ferdinand III. Born at Florence, May 6, 1769: died at Florence, June 18, 1824. Grand Duke of Tuscany and Archduke of Austria, younger son of the emperor Leopold II. whom he succeeded as grand duke in 1790. He reigned until 1799, and from 1814 to 1824. Ferdinand IV. Born June 10, 1835. Grand Duke of Tuscany, son of Leopold II. whom he succeeded in 1859. His dominions were inc or- porated with Sardinia in 1860. Ferdinand. 1. In Shakspere's "Tempest," the son of the King of Naples, and lover of Miranda. Ferdinand I. Born at Alcalá, Spain, March 10, 1503: died at Vienna, July 25, 1564. Em- per or of the Holy Roman Empire, younger brother of the emperor Charles V. He married in 1521 the prince Anna of Hungary, on the death of whose brother, Louis II., in 1526, he was elected king of Bohemia and Hungary. His title to the throne of Hun- gary was disputed by John Zápoly a, who, supported by the Turks, obtained po e ion of a part of the country. He became in 1521 president of the council of regency ap- pointed to govern Germany during the emperor's absence in Spain, was elected king of the Romans in 1531, and be- came emperor on the abdication of Charles in 1556. He-2. In Shakspere's comedy "Love's Labour's Ferdinand II, Born at Vienna, Oct. 29, 1816: died Dec. 15, 1885. Titular king of Portugal, son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He married Maria II. of Portugal in 1836, and was regent 1853-55. Ferdinand I. (IV. of Naples). Born at Naples, Jan. 12, 1751: died there, Jan. 4, 1825. King of the Two Sicilies, son of Charles III. of Spain; He reigned in Naples 1759-1806 and 1815-25 (the interval being occupied by the French domination), and in Sicily 1759-1825. He consolidated his states as the Two Sicilies Lost," the King of Navarre.-3. In Webster's "Duche of Malfi," the Count of Calabria and brother of the duche . He is a cynical villain, who murders his sister who has injured his fam- ily pride.-4. In Sheridan's‘Duenna,” the lover Ferdinand, Count Fathom, Adventures of. A novel by Smollett, published in 1753: so called from the name of its hero, who is a repulsive Ferdusi. See Firdausi . Fère (far), La. A town in the department of Aisne, France, situated on the Oise 14 miles Population (1891), commune, 5,394. Fère Champenoise (far shonp-nwäz'), La. A town in the department of Marne, France, 22 miles southwest of Châlons-sur-Marne. Here, March 25, 1814, the Allies defeated the French. Fergu on, Sir William. Born at Preston pans, March 20, 1808: died at London, Feb. 10, 1877. A noted Scottish surgeon, elected president of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1870. He was educated at Edinburgh. In 1843 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He published "Practical Surgery" (1842), etc. Ferîd-Eddîn. See Attar . Feridoon. See Faridun. Ireland, bounded by Donegal on northwest, Tyrone on the northeast, Monaghan on the east, Cavan on the south, and Leitrim on the west. L It is traversed by Lough Erne. The chief town is Ennis- killen. Area, 714 square miles. Population (1891), 74,170. Fermat (fer-mä'), Pierre de. Born at Beau- Ferentino (fa-ren-te'no). A town in the prov-mont-de-Lomagne, near Montauban, France, ince of Rome, Italy, 42 miles southeast of Rome: the ancient Ferentinum. Besides its cat he- dral, castle, and ancient town wall, it is noted for an an- cient theater, unexcavated, but in its stage structure the most perfect on the Italian mainland, and in other ways remarkable. The back wall of the stage is 136 feet long, with 7 doors, and is held to be Etruscan. The stage is Roman; its structure is of brick. It has three doors, and a narrow pa age extends behind its whole length. The cave a is surrounded by a semicircle of beautiful arches. The chord of the cave a is 200 feet, the depth of the stage 33. Population (1881), 7,679. Ferghana (fer-ghä'nä), or Fergana (fer-gänä). A province of the Ru ian general government of Turkestan, central Asia, in the upper valley of the Sir-Daria, about lat. 39° 30′-42o N., long. 70o-74o E. It corresponds to part of the ancient Sog- diana, and was formed from the khanate of Khokand by Ru ia in 1876. Area, 35,654 square miles. Population Fergus (fer'gus) I. A mythical king of Scot- land. According to a fictitious chronology he was the son of Ferchard, first king of Scotland; came to Scotland from Ireland about 330 B. C. to repel an invasion of the Picts and Britons; and was drowned on his return off Car- Fergus. See Ferracute . Ferguson (fèr'gu-son), Adam. Born at Logie- rait, Perth shire, June 20, 1723: died at St. An- drews, Feb. 22, 1816. A Scottish philosopher and historian. He graduated M. A. at the University of St. Andrews in 1742; served as a military chaplain 1745- 1754; became profe or of natural philosophy in Edinburgh University in 1759; and was profe or of mental and moral philosophy in the same university 1764-85. In the latter year he became profe or of mathematics. He published "E ay on Civil Government" (1766), "Institutes of Moral Philosophy" (1772), "History of the Progre and Term in a- tion of the Roman Republic" (1782), and "Principles of Ferguson, James. Born at the Core of Mayen, near Rothiemay, Banffshire, April 25, 1710: died at London (?), Nov. 16, 1776. A Scottish astronomer. In 1743 he settled in London, where he followed the profe ion of a portrait-painter and that of a popular lecturer on scientific subjects, chiefly astronomy. Principles" (1756), etc. Ferguson, Robert, surnamed "The Plotter." Died in 1714. A Scottish conspirator and politi- cal pamphleteer. He removed to England about 1655, and was appointed to the living of Godmersham, Kent, from which he was expelled by the Act of Uniformity in 1662. He was concerned in the Rye House plot to a a inate Charles II. in 1683, and in 1696 was implicated in a similar conspiracy against William III. He wrote a "History of the Revolution" (1706), "Qualifications requisite in a Min- ister of State" (1710), etc. Ferguson, Sir Samuel. Born at Belfast, March 10, 1810: died at Howth, County Dublin, Aug. 9, 1886. An Irish poet and antiquary. Hegrad uated B. A. at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1826; was ad mitted to the Irish bar in 1838; and was queen's counsel Fermoy (fèr-moi'). A town in County Cork, Ireland, situated on the Blackwater 19 miles northeast of Cork. Population (1891), 6,421. Fern (fern), Fanny. The pseudonym of Mrs. Sara Payson Will is (Farring ton, Eldredge) Fernandes Pinheiro São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul" (2 vols., 1819 and 1822; revised 1839), and "Memoria sobre os limites do Brazil," with various historical papers in the Revista do Instituto His to rico, of which society he was one of the founders. In politics he was a conservative. Fernandes Vieira (vē-ā'rä), João. Born in the island of Madeira, 1613: died at Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil, Jan. 10, 1681. A Portuguese soldier. From 1630 he lived in Pernambuco, and in June, 1645, he headed a revolt against the Dutch, joined the other Portuguese leaders, and carried on war with the Dutch until Jan., 1654, when they were driven out. Subsequently he was governor of Parahyba, and from 1658 to 1661 governor of Angola in Africa. Fernandez (fer-nän' 'deth), Juan. Born prob ably at Cart a gena, Spain, in 1538: died in the district of Ligna, Chile, about 1602. A Spanish navigator. For many years he sailed ve els between Chile, and found that by keeping far out on the ocean he could shorten the time required for his cruises. He discovered several islands, among others the one which bears his name: this he reached about 1563. Fernandez, Juan Felix. See Victoria , Guada lupe . Fernandez, Prospero. Born at San José, July 18, 1834: died there, March 12, 1885. A Costa Rican soldier. He served against Walker in Nicaragua 1855-57, attained the rank of general, and in 1881 was made general-in-chief. From Aug. 10, 1882, until his death he was president of Costa Rica. Fernandez de Castro (fer-nän'deth dā käs'trō), Manuel. Born at Madrid, Dec. 25, 1825: died there, May 7, 1895. A Spanish geologist. From 1859 to 1869 he was engaged in mining and geological work in Cuba and Santo Domingo. In the latter year he was made profe or at the Madrid School of Mines, and after 1873 he was the director of the commi ion of the geological map of Spain. An extended series of works was i ued under his direction by the geological commi ion. Fernandez de Castro And rade y Portugal (än-dräʼdā ē pōr-tö-gäl'), Pedro. Born in 1634: man, tenth count of Lemos, grandee of Spain, and a descendant of King Sancho IV. He was viceroy of Peru from Nov., 1667, until his death. Fernandez de Cordova (fer-nän'deth dā kōr' dō-vä), Diego. Marquis of Guadalcázar, viceroy of New Spain (Mexico) Oct., 1612,-March, 1621, and viceroy of Peru July, 1622,-Jan., 1629. In both countries he had much trouble with French and Dutch corsairs, and in Peru his term was marked by a bloody war of miners at Potosi. After his return to Spain he resided near Cordova. Fernandez de Enciso, Martin. See Enciso . Fernandez de la Cueva (fer-nän'deth da lä kwa'vä), Francisco. Lived in the 17th century. Duke of Albuquerque. From Aug., 1653, to Sept., 1660, he was viceroy of New Spain (Mexico), and subsequently viceroy of Sicily. Fernandez de la Cueva Henriquez (en-rē'keth), Francisco. Duke of Albuquerque, viceroy of Mexico Nov. 27, 1702, to Jan. 15, 1711. The town of Albuquerque, New Mexico, founded at this time, was named in his honor. Fernandez de Navarrete, Martin. See Na varrete . Fernandez de Palencia (fer-nän'deth da pälan'the-ä), Diego. Born at Palencia about 1520: died at Seville about 1581. A Spanish soldier and historian. He served in Peru from about 1545 to 1500 or later, and was a personal witne of many events, especially during the revolt of Giron. Appointed historiographer in 1556, he began to write a history, subsequently enlarged and finished Spain, and published at Seville as "Primer a y segunda parte de la hist or i a del Peru." It includes the periods of the rebellions of Gonzalo Pizarro and Giron. Fernandez de Piedrahita, Lucas. See Piedra hit a . Fernandez de Taos (fer-nän'deth da tä'ōs). [Not San Fernando de Taos, as it is sometimes called.] A Spanish settlement founded in the latter half of the 18th century in the valley of Taos in northern New Mexico. It contains 3,000 inhabitants, and lies 3 miles from the Indian village. In 1766 the settlement was surprised and almost wiped out by the Comanches. The insurrection of 1848 began at Fernandez de Taos, where Governor Charles Bent was one of its first victims. Fernandez Madrid (fer-nän'deth mä-THrērn'), José. Born at Cart a gena, Feb. 9, 1789: died near London, June 28, 1830. A New Granadan physician, author, and statesman. He joined the revolutionists in 1810, was elected to Congre , and after the resignation of Torres was made president of New Granada, March 14, 1816. The victories of the Spaniards soon forced him to resign. He published poems, two tragedies, "Atala" and "Guatimozin," and medical and other works. Fern and in a (fer-nän-de'nä). [Named in honor of Ferdinand of Castile.] A name officially given to the island of Cuba about 1508. Columbus had called it Juana, and the name was changed in accordance with the desire of the king. It appears on some old maps and in Spanish authors of the period, but was soon supplanted by the Indian name Cuba . Fern and in a (fér-nan-dē ́nä). A seaport on Amelia Island, Na au County, northeastern Florida, situated 26 miles northeast of Jackson- ville, in lat. 30° 40′ N., long. 81° 28′ W. It has a fine harbor, and a line of steamships to New York, and exports timber and naval stores. Population (1900), 3,245. Fernando (fer-nan'do). [See Ferdinand .] 1. In Cervantes's "Don Quixote," the faithle friend of Cardenio.-2. In Mas singer and Flet- cher's comedy "The Laws of Candy," the lover of Annophel. - 3. In South erne's "Fatal Mar- riage," a character who for his own good is made to believe he has been dead and buried He was killed in the Sicilian Vespers. Fernando de Noronha (fer-nän độ de nō-rōn'- yä). An island in the Atlantic, belonging to Brazil, situated about lat. 3° 50′ S., long. 32° 40' W. It is the seat of a Brazilian penal sta- tion. Fernando Po (E. fer-nan'dō pō'; Sp. fer-nän'- do pō'). An island in the Bight of Biafra, West Africa, in lat. 3° 46′ N., long. 8° 47′ E. (light- house). Its surface is mountainous. The chief place is Port Clarence. The island was discovered by the Portu- guese in 1471, and was ceded in 1778 to Spain, which now occupies it. There was an English settlement here 1827- 1834. Area, 799 square miles. Population, about 25,000. Fern an dyne (fėr'nan-dēn). In Lodge's "Rosa- lynde," the character from which Jacques du Bois in "As you Like it" is taken. Fernel (fer-nel'), Jean. Born at Clermont-en- Beauvoisis, France, about 1497: died there, April 26, 1558. A noted French physician and medical writer, profe or of medicine at Paris: IMG:content-0492.png:[ocr errors] Ferney, department of Ain, France, 4 miles northwest of Geneva. Voltaire resided here 1758-78. Ferney, The Patriarch of. Voltaire. Fernig (fer-nēg'), Félicité de (Madame Van France, der Walen). Born at Mortagne, Nord, Fra about 1776: died after 1831. Fernig, Théophile de. Born at Mortagne about 1779: died at Bru els about 1818. Two French sisters who, a uming male attire, enlisted in 1792 in a company of the National Guards commanded by their father, and distinguished themselves by their bravery in battle. Félicité married M. Van der Walen, a Belgian officer, whose life she had saved. Fernkorn (fern'korn), at Erfurt, Pru ia, Brünnlfeld, near Vienna, Nov. 16, 1878. A German sculptor and bronze-founder. His best known work is a statue of the archduke Charles, in Vienna. rn), Anton Dominik. Born Pru ia, March 17, 1813: died at Fernow (fer'no), Karl Ludwig. Ludwig. Born at Blumenhagen, Brandenburg, Pru ia, Nov. 19, 1763: died at Weimar, Germany, Dec. 4, 1808. A German writer on art, profe or (extraordinary) at Jena 1802, and librarian to the duch e Amalie at Weimar 1804. Féron (fa-rôn'), Firmin Éloi. Born at Paris, Dec. 1, 1802: died at Conflans, Seine-et-Oise, April 24, 1876. A French painter. He obtained the first medal in 1835. Feronia (fe-rō'ni-ä). In Italian mythology, a godde of Sabine origin, but chiefly worshiped in Etruria, regarded especially as the patrone of freedmen, and called by the Greeks a godde of flowers. Her most celebrated shrine is at the foot of Mount Soracte in Etruria. Ferozabad (fé-rō-zä-bäd'). A town in the Northwest Provinces, British India, east of Agra. Pop ulation, about 15,000. Ferozepore. See Firozpur . Ferozeshah, or Ferozshah (fē-rōz-shäh′). A village in the Panjab, British India, situated near Firozpur. Here, Dec. 21, 1845, the British under Sir Hugh Gough defeated the Sikhs. Ferrabosco, or Ferabosco (fer-ä-bos'kō), Alfonso. An Italian musical composer of the 16th century. He appears to have settled in England, perhaps at Green wich, before 1567. He subsequently returned to Italy. He published a book of madrigals in 1542 (a second in 1587) and of motets in 1544, both at Venice. He had several friendly contests with W. Byrd as to the best setting of madrigals, and also in writing "each to the number of 40 parts upon the plain-song of Miserere." Ferrabosco, or Ferabosco, Alfonso. Born at Green wich, England, about 1580: died in 1628 (?). An Italian lutenist and musical composer, son of the preceding. He received his musical education at Bologna, became musical instructor to Prince Henry in 15, and in 1626 appointed composer in ordinary to