gallic acid

Chem.: C7H6O5+H2O or C6H2(OH)3 COOH+H2O. Tri oxy benzoic acid. Gallic acid occurs in several plants, as Sumach, Dividivi; in the leaves of Arc tostaphylus uva ursi ; in the roots of Helleborus niger, Veratrum album , Colchicum autumn ale, Cephælis ipecacuanha ; in the bark of Strychnos nux vomica ; in red wine, . Gallic acid can be prepared synthetically by fusing di-iodoxybenzoic acid with caustic potash. It is also formed by powdering gallnuts, which contain tannin, and exposing them moistened to the air for a month, at a temperature of 70°, and is then extracted with boiling water, the crystals redi olved in boiling water, and decolorized by animal charcoal. The spores of Pencillium glaucum convert tannin into gallic acid. It is also prepared by boiling tannin with dilute sulphuric acid, which converts the tannin into gallic acid and glucose, C27H22O17+4H2O= 3C7H6O5+C6H12O6. Gallic acid crystallizes in white, silky needles, which lose their water of crystallization at 120° and melt with decomposition at 222° to 240°. Soluble in three parts of boiling water, and in 130 parts of water at 12°; also soluble in alcohol and in ether. Pure gallic acid does not precipitate gelatine, albumen, or alkaloids. It gives a bluish black color with ferric salts; soluble in exce of Fe2Cl6. Dry gallic acid heated to 210° gives off CO2, and yields pyrogallol, C6H2(OH)3. By the action of nitric acid it is oxidized to oxalic acid. Gallic acid forms salts which are called gallates. Dry gallic acid triturated in a mortar with pota ium permanganate, takes fire, and gives out sparks. Gallic acid has a sour, astringent taste. It reduces gold and silver salts, and is used in photography. It is a monatomic acid, and also a triatomic phenol; therefore, four atoms of hydrogen can be replaced by metals. Gallic acid is sometimes used in medicine instead of tannin. Găl-li-can, a. [Lat. Gallic us =Gallic, French.] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; as, the Gallican Church. Găl-li-can-ism, s . [Eng. Gallican ; -ism .] Principles in the French Church, opposed to Ultramontanism. As early as 1438 the Pragmatic Sanction (q. v.), to a certain extent protected the liberties of the Gallican Church against the encroachments of Rome. This was suspended in 1516 by the Concordat with Leo X., which was le favorable to the Gallican Church. On March 12, 1682, the French clergy i ued a declaration that the Papal authority in France is limited to spiritual matters, and that it is subject to the decision of a General Council. This manifesto was condemned by succe ive Popes in 1682, 1690, 1706, and 1794. Găl-liç'-1-nite, găl-lit-zen-ite, s . [From Ger. gal it zen stein , the name of the mineral, implying that it is from Galicia, where it is not known to occur.] Min.: The same as GOSLARITE (q. v.). Găl-li-çism, s. [Eng. Gallic (1); suff. -ism ; Fr. Gallic is me .] A mode of speech peculiar to the French language; a French expre ion or idiom. "In English I would have gallicisms avoided."-Felton: On the Cla ics. Găl'-li-çize, *Găl-li-çişe, v. t. & i. [English Gallic (1); -ize.] A. Trans.: To adapt or make conformable to the French idiom or language; to Frenchify. "Being very much gallicised in my character."-Sydney Smith : Letters , 1835. B. In trans.: To adopt a French style; to use Gal licisms. son. 2. Music: [GAILLARD.] *găl-li-ard-işe, s. [Fr.] Merriment, mirth, liveline , exuberant gayety. "I am no way disposed for the mirth and galliardise of company."-Browne: Religio Medici. *găl-ll-ard-ne , s. [English galliard ; -ne .] The quality of being galliard; gayety, merriment, liveline . gallimatia 2. Leather gaiters worn by sportsmen. "My galligaskins , that have long withstood The winter's fury and encroaching frosts, By time subdued-what will not time subdue?An horrid chasm disclose." Philips : Splendid Shilling . *găl-li-mā-ti-a (ti as shi), s . [GALIMATIAS.] găl-li-mâu-fry, s. [Fr. galimafrée = a hash.] 1. A hash, a hotch-potch, or hodge-podge of scraps of meat. "Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries , forced meats, ."- King : Art of Cookery , let. 9. 2. Any inconsistent or ridiculous medley. "They have a dance, which the wenches say is a gall i maufry, of gambols, because they are not in't."- Shakesp .: Winter's Tale, iv. 3. gâl-lin, s . [Eng. gall (2), s.; suff. -in ( Chem .).] Chem.: Gallin, C20H14O7, or, O[C6H2(OH)2]2 CH.CH COOH. Obtained by long boiling gallein with zinc dust and ammonia, then acidifying with dilute H2SO, and shaking out with ether. It crystallizes out of ether in fine needles, and quickly reddens in the air. It can be used as a dye instead of logwood.