Albuminuria

the presence of albumen the urine. ‘This condition is met with occasionally in healthy individuals as the result of a meal consisting of some highly albuminous substance, such as egys, but is very common in disease. Blood and pus or matter, when they occur in the urine, nece arily imply the presence of albuminuria, these substances contain albumen. ‘The conditions then existing are denominated hxmaturia and pyuria respectively. Again, in heart disease, bronchitis, and emphysema (q.v.), and other conditions involving congestion of the kidney, the urine contains albumen. In many of the specific fevers and occasionally in pregnancy the same condition obtains. Lastly, inflammation of the kidney nephritis, and the various chronic forms of kidney affection which are included in the designation Bright’s disease (q.v.), are accompanied by albuminuria. Nephritis is not uncommonly met with after scarlet fever, coming on as a rule, when it does occur, during the third week of that disease, at a period therefore when convalescence in of in of C. It in in t so to in as or — 78 Albuqrerque. ¢ 70 may seem well-nigh established. Moreover, such nephritis is not confined to the severe cases of sear latina; hence the importance of careful examination of the urine after all attacks of that disease. At the commencement of such albuminuria and in most forms of acute nephritis much can be done for the patient, but if the affection be allowed to develop unrecognised, permanent damage to the kidney results. The presence of albumen in urine is usually recognised by the coagulation which is occasioned on the addition of nitric acid or the application of heat. Albuquerque, Atronso n’, the illustrious Portuguese admiral, born near Lisbon in 1453. He served in Africa first, but in 1503 sailed to the Kast and established a fort at Cochin. In 1506 he took part in another expedition under ‘Tristan da Cunha, captured the rich island of Ormuz in the Persian Gulf, superseded Almeida as Viceroy of the Indies, annexed Goa and subdued Malacca 1508-12). His next feat was to make an unsucce ul attack on Aden, and to enter the Red Sea with the first European fleet that ever penetrated into those waters, After completing the reduction of Ormuz he returned to Goa to find that court intrigues had deprived him of his office. He died at sea broken-hearted (1515), and his body was brought back for burial to Goa, where his tomb is still an object of veneration even to Hindus. Alowus, 1 lyric poct of Lesbos, flourished about 600 B.c. He appears to have actively a isted the nobles of the island in their struggle against the tyrants, and, having been banished, he ended his life in unknown exile. Of his ten books of odes ~—political, military, religions, and amatory—but a few fragments have come down to us. He wrote in the olian dialect, and the fiery vigour of his verses meets with high praise from Horace (Ode ii, 13), who adopted several of his measures, notably the Alcaic stanza, Alcala de Guadaira, 1 town in And alus i a, Spain, on the river Guaduaira, 7 miles E. of Seville, which it supplies with bread. Aicala de Henares, the Roman Complutum, a town on the river Henares, 17 miles E.N.E. of Madrid, Spain. It was rebuilt by the Moors in 1083, and became in 1510 the seat of n great university founded by Cardinal Ximenes, who was buried in the fine chapel of the College of St. Ildefonso. The Com plutons i an Polyglot Bible was published there, but in 1836 the university was removed to Madrid. The town is now chiefly celebrated for its military academy and powder factory. Alcala la Real, « town of Spain, 16 miles 8.W. of Jaen. Alphonso XI. of Leon captured it in person in 1340, Sebastiani, in command of the French, defeated the Spaniards here in 1810. Some trade is carried on in wine and wool.