Araliacea (aralia see)

pl. [NL., lia + -aceæ.] A natural order of plants nearly related to the Umbelliferæ, from which they are distinguished chiefly by their three or more celled fruit, simple epigynous disk, usually valvate corolla, and more shrubby habit. The order is most largely represented in warm and tropical countries, and to it belongs the ivy, Hedera Helix. Ginseng, which is highly esteemed by the Chinese as a stimu lant is produced the ancient meant found a quin que folia, is le valued. A species of Aralia, A. nudi caulis, is used in North America as a substitute for sars a ginseng of North America, Aralia The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Dictionary Araliaceæ parilla. The true rice-paper of the Chinese, obtained only from the island of Formosa, is made from the pith of another araliaceous plant, Fatsia papyri fer a . The order is represented in temperate North America only by the genus 288 practically synonymous and conterminous with Dimerosomata or Pulmo trachea ria . The spiders breathe by two or more pulmonary sacs, combined or not with tracheæ. The abdomen is not segmented, and is dis- Aralia , of which there are eight species, and by a single tinctly separated from the cephalothorax; they have no species of Fatsia on the Pacific coast. araliaceous (a-rā-li-ā'shius), a. [ ara- liaceus .] Belonging to or resembling the Ara- liacea. Aramæan, n. See Aramean . Aramaic (ar-a-mā'ik), a . and n. [ Aramaicus , Ἀραμαία , LL. Aramea , prop- erly fem. of Άραμαῖος , L. Aramæus , adj., formed on Heb. Arām , the name given to the districts comprehended in Me so pot am i a, northern Syria, the region of Damascus, and eastern Palestine southward to Arabia Petræa.] Same as Ara- mean . The Aramaic speech began to extend itself beyond its original limits. Isaac Taylor , The Alphabet, L. 283. Aramean, Aramæan (ar-a-mē'an), a. and n. [ Aramaus , Ἀραμαῖος : see Aramaic . ] I. a. Belonging or relating to the northern division of the Semitic family of languages and peoples, containing the Me so pot am i an, the Syrian (extending over Palestine prior to the Christian era), and the Nabatean; Chaldean; Chaldaic; Syrian: in distinction from the western or middle Semitic (Phenic i an and Hebrew) and the south Semitic (Arabic and Ethiopic). The Aramean alphabet attained an even wider extension than the Aramaic speech, and at length extirpated all the independent North Semitic scripts. Isaac Taylor , The Alphabet, I. 283. II. n. 1. The language of the northwestern Semites, preserved in the Biblical books of Ezra and Daniel, Daniel, in the Targums, and in the Peshito version of the Scriptures, together with the Christian Syriac literature. - 2. An inhabitant or a native of Aramæa or Syria. IMG:content-1047.png:[blocks in formation] N. A. Rev. , CXXVII. 523. Arame an ism (ar-a-mē'an-izm), n. [ Aramean +-ism.] Same as Aramism . Aramidæ (a-ram'i-dē), n. pl . [NL., +-idæ.] A family of grallatorial birds, confined to the warmer parts of America, and forming a connecting link between the cranes and the rails, or the gruiform and ralliform birds. The principal osteological and pterylographic characters are those of the cranes, while the digestive system and the general habits and appearance are those of the rails. There are a pair of cæca, a pair of carotid arteries, and a pair of syringeal muscles. The family consists of the single genus Aramus (which see). Aramides (a-ram'i-dēz), n. [NL., Aramus + -ides.] A genus of American ralliform birds, of the family Rallidæ and subfamily Rallina ; the American crakes, or small rails with short bills. The genus contains about 20 species, chiefly of Central and South America; it is sometimes restricted to one group of these, other names, as Porzana , Coturnicops , and Creciscus , being used for the rest. Aramism (ar'a-mizm), n . [ Aram- (in Ara maic , etc.) + -ism.] An idiom of the Aramean or Chaldee language; a Chaldaism. Also Ara meanism . Aramus (ar'a-mus), n. [NL.; etym.unknown.] The typical and only genus of the family Ara mid a , containing the courlans, caraus, or crying birds. They are about 2 feet long, of chocolate-brown color streaked with white, with short and rounded wings, a falcate first primary, a short tail of 12 feathers, and cleft toes. The hinder toe is elevated, and the tarsus is scutellate anteriorly, and as long as the bill. The bill is twice as long as the head, slender but strong, compre ed, contracted opposite the linear nostrils, grooved about half its length, and enlarged and decurved in the terminal portion. A. pictus (Coues) inhabits Florida, where it is known as the limpkin; another species, A. scolopaceus , the scolopaceous courlan, is found in the warmer parts of America. See courlan . Aranea (a-ra ne-a), n. [L., a spider, a spider's web (>E. arain , q.v.); also araneus , m., a spider; cf. Gr. ἀράχνης, Attic αράχνη , poet. ἀράχνος , α spider, perhaps connected with άρκυς , a net.] equivaledes fider, or le exactly equivalent to the modern superfamily Araneid a . By various restrictions it has been reduced to the value of one of the modern families or genera of spiders, and has been eliminated entirely from some systems. Aranea domestic a , the common house-spider, is now Tegenaria do mestica. Also Araneus . 2. [NL., neut. pl.] A former group of spiders, intermediate between a modern order and a modern genus. araneal (a-ra'ne-al), a. [L. aranea , a spider, + -al .] Pertaining to or resembling the spider. araneid (a-ra'nē-id), n . Same as araneidan . Araneid a (ar-ā-nē'i-da), n . pl . [NL., Aranea + -ida .] A superfamily and subgroup of the cla Arachnid a , now usually called an order, containing the spiders as distinguished from the mites, scorpions, and other arachnidans: IMG:content-1048.png:[blocks in formation] each. The abdominal appendages are modified into an arachnidium spinneret, the apparatus by which cobweb, go amer, and other kinds of spider-silk are spun from a secretion of glandular organs. There are also always poison-glands connected with the mouth-parts. The division of the group varies with every leading writer as to number of suborders families and their arrangement, some admitting but two or Araucaria nomical importance as a food-fish.-2. [ cap .] [NL.] A genus of malacopterygian abdominal fishes, of the family Osteoglo ida , remarkable for their size and the mosaic work of their hard bony compound scales. A. gigas is an example. araphorostic, araphostic, a. See arrhaphostic . arapunga (ar-a-pung'g 'ga), n. [S. Amer. native name.] A South American oscine pa erine bird of the family Cotingidæ and subfamily Gym no der inæ; the bell-bird, campanero, or averano, Chasmorhynchus niveus ; one of the fruit-crows, with a long erectile tubular proce on the head, rising sometimes to the height of several inches. It is remarkable for its clear, far sounding notes of a peculiarly resonant or bell-like quality, continued through the heat of the day, when most birds are silent, and therefore readily heard at a great distance. IMG:content-1049.png:[graphic] or three families, others several suborders and upward of twenty families, while the diversities of detail are endle . A prime division is into Dip neum ones , those having two pulmonary sacs (the great bulk of the order), and Tetra- pneumones , with four; or according to the number of stig- mat a, those having two pairs ( Tetrasticta ) or only one pair (Tristicta); or according to the number of eyes, whether 2, 4, 6, or 8; or, finally, according to the way in which they move about and spin their webs. Some authors adopt three families: Araneid a , Lycoside , and Mygalidæ . Also Arancidea , Araneina. Araneidæ (ar-a-ne'i-dē), n . pl . [NL., Aranea The bird is of about the size of a pigeon, and the plumage + -ida.] The spiders, considered as a family; the spinning spiders. The group approaches more or le nearly in extent the order Araneid a . In some systems the term disappears, being conterminous with the order names. IMG:content-1050.png:[blocks in formation] Arapunga, or Campanero (Chasmorhynchus niveus). of the adult is pure white. The native name was made a generic term by Le on in 1831. The bird is nearly related to the umbrella-birds, Cephalopterus . arar a (a-rä'rä), n. [Braz. Cf. Ara2 .] A kind of macaw, Ara mar a can a . arar a cang a (a-rä-ra-kang'ga), n. Same as aracanga . arar am boy a (ar"a-ram-bō'yä), n. [Braz.] A name of the bojobi or dog-headed boa of Brazil, Xiphosoma caninum . ararauna (ar-a-ra'nä), n. [Braz.] The blue and yellow macaw, Psittacus ararauna (Lin- neus), now Ara ararauna . araroba (ar-a-rō'ba), n . Same as chrysarobin . arar-tree (är'är-trë), n. The sandarac-tree of Morocco, Callitris quad rival vis . See sandarac tree. belonging to the Araneid a , from other arachnidans.-2. Of or pertaining to the Araneiformia . Araneiformes (a-rā"nē-i-fôr'mēz), n. pl . [NL., pl. of araneiformis : see araneiform .] Same as Araneiformia . Araneiformia ormia (a-rānē-i-fôr'mi-ä), n . pl . [NL., neut. pl. of araneiformis : see araneiform .] A group of spider-like marine animals: syn on yar a sene, n. Same as arrasene . mous with Русnogonida (which see). They are arastra (a-ras'trä), n . Same as arrastre . sometimes placed with the Crustacea in an order or a sub- times cla called combined Podosomata , with the sometimes Arctisca in in a Arachnid a , subcla Pseuda- some- rachna , and sometimes otherwise disposed of. They have a rudimentary unsegmented abdomen, a suctorial mouth, and 4 pairs of long, jointed legs, but are destitute of re- spiratory organs. Some are parasitic. Araneina (a-rā-nō-īna), n . pl. [NL., Aranea + -ina .] Same as Araneid a . IMG:content-1051.png:[blocks in formation] araneose (a-rā'nē-ōs), a . [ araneosus , full of or like spiders' webs, aranea , a spider's web, also a spider: see Aranea .] Covered with hairs cro ing one another, like the rays in a spider's web; arachnoid. araneous (a-ra'nē-us), a . [As araneose , or after L. araneus , pertaining to a spider or to a spi- der's web, aranea , a spider, spider's web: see araneose.] 11. Full of cobwebs.-2. Resem- bling a cobweb; extremely thin and delicate, like spider's silk or go amer; covered with delicate tangled hairs like cobweb; arachnoid. - Araneous membrane. Same as arachnoid , n., 2. arango (a-rang'gō), n. [A native name.] A kind of bead made of rough carnelian, generally of a cylindrical shape. Such beads, imported from Bombay, constituted an article of traffic with Africa pre- vious to the abolition of the slave-trade. arapaima (ar-a-pi'mä), n. [S. Amer. native name.] 1. The name of the largest known fresh-water fish, Arapaima gigas , an inhabitant of Brazil and Guiana, said to attain a length of 15 feet and a weight of 400 pounds. It is of eco- araselt (a-rās'), v . t . [Also written arace , araser , raze, demolish, a , to, + ras , level: see a-11 and rase, raze , and cf. erase.] 1. To raze; level with the ground.-2. To erase. arase2t, v . t . Same as arace1 . a ration (a-ra's hon), n. [L. aratio ( n- ), arare , pp. aratus , plow: see arable .] Plowing; tillage. [Rare.] It would suffice to teach these four parts of agriculture; first a ration , and all things belonging to it. Cowley , Works (ed. 1710), II. 710. aratory (ar'a-to-ri), a. [ a rat or i us , arator , plower, arare , pp. aratus , plow: see arable .] Relating or contributing to tillage. aratrum terræ (a-rā'trum ter'ē). [ML., a plowgate of land: aratrum , a portion of land as much as could be plowed with one plow (a special use of L. aratrum , plow, arare , plow: see arable ); terræ, gen. of L. terra , land.] In Scots law , a plowgate of land, consisting of eight oxgates, because anciently the plow was drawn by eight oxen. Araucan (a-rakan), n . Same as Araucanian . Araucanian (ar-a-ka'ni-an), a . and n. [ Arau- cania , Araucanos , the Äraucanians, a tribe of Indians inhabiting the southern parts of Chili.] I. a. Of or pertaining to Araucania, a territory in the southern part of Chili, mainly comprised II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Araucania. The aboriginal Araucanians are a partially civilized race who have never been conquered by Europe ans; but in 1883 the portion of them living on the mainland voluntarily submitted to the Chilian government. Araucaria (ar-a-kā'ri-ä), n . [NL., Arauc ( ania ) + -aria .] A genus of Coniferæ , the representative of the pine in the southern hemisphere, found in South America, Australia, and some of the islands of the Pacific. The species are large ever-. green trees with verticillate spreading branches covered with stiff, narrow, pointed leaves, and bearing large cones, each scale having a single large seed. The species best known in cultivation is A. imbricata (the Chili pine or then key-puzzle), which is quite hardy nato mountains of southern Chili, where it forms vast forests, and yields a hard, durable wood. Its seeds are eaten The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Dictionary Araucaria when roasted. The More ton Bay pine of Australia, 4. Cunning ham i i, supplies a valuable timber used in making furniture, in house and boat-building, and in other carpenter-work. A species, A. excels a, abounds on Norfolk Island, attaining a height of 200 feet. See Norfolk Island pine, under pine. 2 1. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria excels a). 2. Cone of Araucaria Cookii . araucarian (ar-a-kā'ri-an), a. and n. [ II. n. A tree of the genus Araucaria . The plants of which our coal-seams are composed speak to us of lands covered with luxuriant growths of tree-ferns and araucarians . Geikie , Ice Age, p. 94.