MULES

Arabic bag͟hl ( بغل‎ ), pl. big͟hāl . Muḥammad forbade the breeding of mules, for Ibn ʿAbbās says the three special injunctions which he received were (1) to perform the ablutions thoroughly, (2) not to take alms, (3) not to breed mules. ( Mishkāt , book xvii. ch. ii.) The flesh of a mule is unlawful. ( Hidāyah , vol. iv. p. 74.) They are not liable to zakāt . ( Hidāyah , vol. i. p. 16.) MULḤAQ ( ملحق‎ ). Lit . “Joined.” A term used by the Ṣūfīs for the condition of the human soul when “it is absorbed into the e ence of God.” (ʿAbdu ʾr-Razzāq’s Dictionary of Ṣūfī Terms .) MULḤID ( ملحد‎ ). An infidel. Lit . “One who has deviated , or turned aside from the truth.” AL -MULK ( الملك‎ ). Lit . “The Kingdom.” The title of the LXVII th Sūrah of the Qurʾān in the first verse of which the word occurs: “Ble ed is He in whose hand is the kingdom .” MULLĀ ( ملا‎ ). A Persian form used for the Arabic Maulawī , “a learned man, a scholar.” In the G͟hiyās̤u ʾl-Lug͟hah it is said that a learned man is called a Mullā because he is “filled” with knowledge; from malaʾ , “to fill.” MUʾMIN ( مومن‎ ), pl. Muʾminūn ; from Īmān , “faith.” One who believes. (1) A term generally used for Muḥammadans in the Qurʾān and in all Muslim books. (2) Al-Muʾmin . The title of the XL th Sūrah of the Qurʾān, in the 29th verse of which the word occurs: “A man of the family of Pharaoh who was a believer , but hid his faith.” (3) Al-Muʾmin , “The Faithful.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It occurs in the Qurʾān, Sūrah lix. 28 : “He is … the Faithful.” AL -MUʾMINŪN ( المومنون‎ ). Lit . “The Believers.” The title of the XXIII rd Sūrah of the Qurʾān, in the first verse of which the word occurs: “Prosperous are the believers .” AL -MUMĪT ( المميت‎ ). “The Killer.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It is referred to in the Qurʾān, Sūrah ii. 26 : “He will kill you and then make you alive.” MUMSIK ( ممسك‎ ). Lit . “One who withholds, a miser.” Used for a miserly person in contradistinction to munfiq , “a liberal person.” [ MUNFIQ .] AL -MUMTAḤINAH ( الممتحنة‎ ). Lit . “She who is tried.” The title of the LX th Sūrah of the Qurʾān, from the expre ion in the 10th verse: “O believers! when believing women come over to you as refugees, then make trial of them.” Al-Baiẓāwī says: “When such women sought an asylum at al-Madīnah, Muḥammad obliged them to swear that they were prompted only by a desire of embracing Islām, and that hatred of their husbands, or love of some Muslim, had not any influence on their conduct.” MUNĀFIQ ( منافق‎ ), pl. munāfiqūn . “Hypocrite.” A term especially given to those who in the time of the Prophet, whilst outwardly profe ing to believe in his mi ion, secretly denied the faith. They form the subject of the LXIII rd Sūrah of the Qurʾān, which hence is termed the Sūratu ʾl-Munāfiqūn . AL -MUNĀFIQŪN ( المنافقون‎ ). “The Hypocrites.” Title of the LXIII rd Sūrah of the Qurʾān, whose opening verses are:— “When the Hypocrites come to thee, they say, ‘We bear witne that thou art the Sent One of God.’ God knoweth that thou art His Sent One: but God beareth witne that the hypocrites do surely lie. Their faith have they used as a cloak, and they turn aside others from the way of God! Evil are all their doings. This, for that they believed, then became unbelievers! Therefore hath a seal been set upon their hearts, and they understand not.” MUNĀJĀT ( مناجاة‎ ). Lit . “Whispering to, confidential talk.” Generally used for the extempore prayer offered after the usual liturgical form has been recited. [ PRAYERS .] MUNAṢṢAF ( منصف‎ ). Lit . “Reduced to one-half.” A species of prohibited liquor. The juice of grapes boiled until a quantity le than two-thirds evaporates. ( Hidāyah , vol. iv. 158.)