Campo Santo

[It., Holy Field.] The name given in Italy to a cemetery or burying ground, but more especially to an enclosed place of interment, surrounded internally by an arcade, and destined to receive the remains of persons of distinction. The most famous C. S., and that from which the others derived their name, is that of Pisa, in the neighborhood of the Dome, and consecrated to the memory of men who had deserved well of the republic. It was founded by Archbishop Ubaldo, towards the end of the 12th century. The architect was Giovanni Pisano. It contains an area of 400 feet in length, and 118 in breadth; and is surrounded by a lofty wall, on the inner side of which a wide arcade runs round the whole enclosure, giving to it the character of a magnificent cloister. The lofty circular arches of the arcade are filled with the richest Gothic tracery. The walls are adorned with frescoes, which are of great interest and value, both absolutely and with reference to the history of art. These remarkable paintings are supposed to date before the middle of the 14th century, and are ascribed to Buffalmacco. But the most marvellous productions are those of Giotto, of Simone Memmi, erected at the foot of an embankment, or a cutting in a shaft or compre ible formation. A camp-sheeting consists of: 1, a guide pile; 2, a whale , or a horizontal piece of timber; and, 3, a series of planks driven in, so as to enclose the space required for the foundation, usually of the thickne of 3 inches, though this thickne is by no means nece ary. A camp-sheeting is, in fact, nothing more than an enclosure by means of a series of planks driven flatwise to the direction of the thrust, and the thickne of the planks is that most commonly obtained in the market; its object being to resist the outward thrust of the earthwork, on which it is proposed to build, under the influence of a direct load. Camp Stock ton, in Texas , a post-office of Bexar co. Camp'-stool, n. A stool with cro ed legs, enabling it to be folded up. Camp'ti, in Louisiana , a post-village of Natch it oches parish, on Red River, 65 m. S.S.E. of Shreveport. Camp'ton, in Illinois , a post-township of Kane county. Camp'ton, in low a , a post-village of Delaware co., 50 m. W. by N. of Dubuque. Camp'ton, or Comp'ton, in Kentucky , a post village, the capital of Wolfe co. Camp'ton, in New Jersey, a village of E ex co., 34 m. S.W. of Newark. Camp'ton. in New Hampshire, a post-township of Grafton co., 45 m. N. by W. of Concord, and intersected by Merrimack River. Camp'tonville, in California, a post-village of Yuba county, near N. Yuba River, 41 miles N.E. of Marys ville. Camp'town, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Bradford Wyalusing Creek, 13 m. E.S.E. of Towanda. Cam puli trop ous, a . Same as CAMPYLOTROPOUS, 9. v. Campus Mar'tius. ( Roman Antiq . ) The "Field of Mars," an extensive plain or meadow without the walls of Rome, and adjoining the Tiber, where the levies of troops were made by the tribunes selected to command the legions, where the ballot for the conscription was drawn, and where all military exercises, drills, and evolutions were performed. It was also a gymnasium for the Roman youths, where they threw the discus and javelin, practised their horses, and competed in foot and chariot races. It was in the C. M. that the great a emblies of the people took place to elect their public officers, military and civil tribunes, and other magistrates of the city. Campus Scelera'tus. ( Roman Antiq .) This name was given to a spot within the walls, and close by the Porta Collina, where those of the vestal virgins who had transgre ed their vows were entombed alive, from which circumstance it took its name. Camp'ville, in Connecticut , a post-office of Litchfield co. Camp/ville, in New York , a post-village of Tioga co., 240 m. from New York city. Camp-vinegar, n. A mixture of vinegar, with Cayenne pepper, soy, walnut-catsup, anchovies and garlic. Camp Watson, in Oregon , a village of Grant co. Camp Wildcat, in Kentucky , in a spur of the Cumber land Mountains. An engagement occurred here, 21st Oct., 1861, between a National force commanded by Gen. Schæpf, and a body of Confederates led by Gen. Zollicoffer, in which the latter were worsted.