ELECTRICITY

n. E-leak-tris8'ist-ia. Lat., electric it as (from jjAe/crpov, amber, because of its manifestation on rubbing amber). Fr., electricity. Ger., Electricitdt. It., elettricitd. Sp., electric i-" dad. One of the forces of nature (sometimes termed a fluid," also a form of molecular movement) manifested in thunder and lightning, in the rapid induction of incandescence or combustion, attraction or repulsion, chemical decomposition, or muscular contraction, and in its conversion into mechanical force. It may be brought into action (generated) by friction or by the exposure of certain substances to the operation of certain chemical agents. One of its chief characteristics is its almost instantaneous transmi ibility to any distance through the medium of a conductor. [a, 27.] Acid e. See Positive e. Active e. See Free e. Animal e. Lat., electric it as animal is. Fr., electricite animale. Ger., thierische Electricitdt. E. manifested in the physiological action of an animal organism. Atmospheric e. Fr., electricite de /'air atmospherique. E. resident in the atmosphere. [B, 21 (a, 27).] Bound e. See Pa ive e. Chemical e. See GALVANISM. Condensed e. The hypothetical state of the e. contained in a body when its capacity for e. has been apparently increased by connecting it with the earth. [L, 87 (a, 27).] Contact e., Contactual e., Continuous e., Current e. See GALVANISM. Disguised e. See Latent e. Dynamic e. See GALVANISM. E. of tension. See Static e. Faradaic e., Faradic e. See Induced e. Franklinic e. See Static e. Free e. E. made manifest by some disturbance of the electrical equilibrium between two bodies or the different parts of the same body. [B.] Frictional e. Ger., Reibungselectricitdt. Static e. generated by friction (as of gla or some resinous body with flannel, fur, or the like); also static e. in general. Galvanic e. See GALVANISM. High tension e. See Static e. Induced e. Fr., electricite d'induction. The e. generated in the primary or secondary coil of an induction machine. The apparatus consists of a core of soft iron or a bundle of soft-iron wire surrounded by some insulating material, around which, outside the insulating material, are wound several layers of insulated wire in the shape of a helix. This wire is termed the primary coil. Outside or this there is a sliding insulating tube around which is wound a very great length of fine insulated wire, constituting the secondary coil. The ends of the primary coil are connected with the poles of a battery, and those of the secondary coil with discharging points. The battery current pa ing through A, ape; Aa, at; A3, ah; A, all; Ch, chin; Cha, loch (Scottish); [s. 670]