Easter mackerel

(Ichth.) The chub-mackerel ( Scomber colias ) found in warm seas. East'ern Question. The problem of what is to be done with the southeast of Europe, the area now or recently occupied by the Turks. Jealousy between the powers has given the empire of the Sultan a continuance which it would not otherwise have been suffered to retain. This was particularly the dread of the too great extension of Ru ia, which country, but for European opposition, would long since have put an end to the dominion of the Turk. The Eastern question had its origin in the 18th century, during the wars of Ru ia and Austria with Turkey, when the western powers sympathized with the latter country and threw what obstacles they could in the way of succe by their opponents. In Napoleon's campaign against Turkey, in its Egyptian and Syrian provinces, in 1798, England proved an efficient friend of the Turk, and saved him from the fate which would have befallen him if the ambitious Corsican had had Turkey alone to deal with. Later contests arose from Ru ia's claim to be the protector of the Christian population in Turkish territory, such as the Roumanians, Mon tene grins, Servians, Greeks and Bulgarians, and to be the chief heir of the "sick man of Europe," as the Turk was named by some witty diplomat. It was much le sympathy with Turkey than fear of Ru ia gaining preponderant strength that led to the opposition of Western Europe to these claims, bringing on in 1857 the Crime an War, in which England and France succeeded for the time being in checking the course of Ru ian aggre ion. Turkey, however, in her barbarous treatment of her Christian population, gave constant new warrant for invasion, and the Ru o-Turkish War of 1877-78 was provoked by such inhumanities in Bulgaria that England and the other powers were left utterly without warrant to interfere. They took part, however, in the settlement of affairs, and in Berlin Congre of 1878, while largely disintegrating Turkey in Europe, prevented Ru ia from gaining any extension of territory. Several new kingdoms were formed out of what had been Turkish soil, but Austria alone gained any acce ions of territory, in being given control of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1895-96 this question was again brought prominently forward, in consequence of the ma acres of the Armenian Christians by their Turkish masters. In this instance the mutual jealousies of the powers prevented any interference, and the Turks continued their work of barbarity in defiance of the weak-voiced protest of Europe. In 1867 the E. Q. was extended to the islands, in a desperate effort of the Christians of Crete to gain independence from Turkish rule, which effort, however, proved totally unavailing. Another revolt occurred in 1897, and in this case, despite the efforts of the powers to prevent, Greece came to the aid of the Cretans, and war was declared between Greece and Turkey, the conflict ending in the quick discomfiture of Greece. The powers still desisted from taking any warlike part in this affair, and confined themselves to a pacific settlement of the dispute, leaving the E. Q. where it had been before. Of late years the area covered by this question has extended into Asia, as far as India, and covers all territories threatened by Ru ian aggre ion, particularly those in which England is concerned. SEE GREECE; TURKEY. : Eastern Shore, in Maryland , one of the two districts into which the State is divided by the Susquehanna river and Chesapeake Bay. It contains about of the area of the State; is a level and sandy but mainly fertile region, nowhere of great elevation, though there are rounded hills in the north; in the south are swampy tracts and patches of woodland. The streams are deep and navigable. East lake, in Michigan , a post-village of Manistee co., has manufactures of lumber, shingles, and salt. Pop . (1897) about 1,000. East'man, in Georgia , a post-town, cap. of Dodge co., on Southern R. R., 56 miles S.S.E. of Macon; has extensive shipments of lumber, naval stores, cotton, and wool. Pop . (1890) 1,082.