Braky

Full of brakes; rough; thorny. Bra'mah, JOSEPH, an English engineer, B. 1749. Не was bred a carpenter, and worked for some time in London as a cabinet-maker, but at length adopted the engineering profe ion. His inventions were many and useful; as a hydraulic machine, producing motion by the uniform pre ure of fluids, on the principle of the hydrostatic paradox, (see HYDROSTATIC PRESS), and an improved kind of lock, known as the Bramah Lock, (see Lock.) He was the author of A Di ertation on the Construction of Locks, . D. 1814. Bra'man's Corners, in New York, a post-office of Schenectady co. Bramante D'URBINO, ( bra - man'tai ), whose real name was DONATO LAZZARI, a celebrated Italian architect, B., 1444. Showing an early taste for drawing, he was brought up to the profe ion of a painter, but he quitted it to dedicate his talents to architecture, which he cultivated with uncommon succe . He first designed and commenced in 1513, the erection of St. Peter's at Rome, carried on and finished by other architects after his death. He was a great favorite with Pope Julius II., who made him superintendent of his buildings, and under that pontiff he formed the magnificent project of connecting the Belvidere Palace with the Vatican, by means of two grand galleries carried acro a valley. He built many churches, monasteries, and palaces at Rome, and in other Italian cities, and was employed by Pope Julius as an engineer to fortify Bologna, 1504. He manifested a decided predilection for the cla ic architecture of the Greeks, and was the instructor of Raphael in that art. D. 1514. B. painted portraits with ability, and he was skilled in music and poetry. tain species of small birds, and in the smaller apes. The cretion; giddine . proportionate weight of the human B. to the body is greatest at birth, being about 1 to 5-85 in the male, and 1 to 65 in the female. At the tenth year it is about 1 to 14; at the twentieth about 1 to 30; and after that age it averages about 1 to 36.5, with a trifling decrease in advanced life. In general, the size of the B. bears a certain relation to the mental powers of the individual, and a certain amount of it is always nece ary to sound mental action. - In comparing the brain of man with that of the other mammal i a, the most obvious distinction is its much greater size in proportion to the size of the body. In the dog, the B. bears an average proportion to the body of about 1 to 120; in the horse, 1 to 450; in the sheep, 1 to 750; and in the ox, 1 to 800. The convolutions, too, which are so marked on the human B. , are few, or altogether wanting on the B. of animals. In particular, in animals, the medullary matter of the B. predominates in every part, while the cineritious is deficient. The nerves of sense, too, in animals, are usually much more largely developed than in man. In man the olfactory nerve is not one-fourth of the size of that of the horse, though the B. is so much larger. In the smaller quadrupeds the comparative size of the B. approaches nearer to that of the human, being in the mouse about a forty-third part of the weight of the animal; but it is composed almost entirely of medullary matter. In birds, the B. is in general a much le complex