Commonly called the Sheikh el Ragusa (rä-göʻsä)

[F. Raguse, It. Ragusa, Slav. Beled, or village sheikh he was an overseer of public works in the time of 4th dynasty. Rafael. See Raphael . Raff (räf), Joseph Joachim. Born at Lachen, Schwyz, Switzerland, May 27, 1822: died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, June 24, 1882. A Ger- man composer. His works number nearly 300, including symphonies (among which are "Im Walde," "Leonore," etc.), sonatas, songs, quartets, and operas. Among the last are "König Alfred" (1850), "Dame Kobold" (1870), etc. Radetzky de Radetz. Born at Trzebnitz, near Tabor, Bohemia, Nov. 2, 1766: died at Milan, Jan. 5, 1858. An Austrian field-marshal. He served against the Turks, and against the French at Hohen linden, Aspern, Wagram, etc.; was chief of staff in the campaigns of 1813-15; became commander in Italy in 1831; was defeated by the Sardinians at Goito in 1848; and de. feated them at Čustozza in 1848, and at Mortar a and Novara in 1849, and captured Venice. He was governor of Upper Italy 1849-57. Radha (rädhä). [Skt., 'succe , ble ing."] In Sanskrit mythology: ( a ) The foster-mother of Karna. Her husband, Adhiratha, the charioteer of King Shura, found Karna, the illegitimate son of Pritha or Kunti by the Sun, exposed on the Jumna by his mother, and reared him as his own son. See Karna . (b) A cowherd or Gopi, the favorite mistre of Krishna when at Vrindavana among the cowherds, and a principal character in Jayadeva's "Gitagovinda." She is sometimes held to typify the human soul attracted toward Krishna as the divine goodne , sometimes the divine love to which Krishna returns after other affections. She is also regarded as an avatar of Lakshmi as Krishna is of Vishnu. a Radhanpur (rad-han-pör'), or Rahdunpur ar (rädun-pör') ) 1. A native state in India, India, under British protection, situated about lat. 23° 40′ N., long. g. 71° 40′ E. Area, 1,150 square miles. Population (1881), 98,129.-2. The capital of the state of Radhanpur. Population (1891), 14,175. Radnor (rad'nor). A county of South Wales. the northeast, Here ford the crops hire on It is bounded by Montgomery on the north, south, and Brecknock and Cardigan on the west. The sur face is generally hilly. Area, 440 square miles. Popula tion (1891), 21,791. Radolfzell (rä'dolf-tsel), or Zell (tsel). A town in the circle of Con stance, Baden, situated on the Untersee arm of Lake Con stance, 11 miles northwest of Con stance. Radom (rä'dom). 1. A government of Ru ian Poland, surrounded by the governments of Kielce, Piotrkow, Warsaw, Siedlce, and Lublin, and by Galicia. Area, 4,769 square miles. Population (1890), 782,274.-2. The capital of the government of Radom, situated on the Mleczna 59 miles south of Warsaw. Population (1890), 16,065. Radowitz (rä'dō-vits), Joseph Maria von. Born at Blankenburg, Germany, Feb. 6, 1797: died Dec. 25, 1853. A Pru ian general and politician, of Hungarian descent. He was a deputy to the Frankfort parliament in 1848, and to the Erfurt parliament in 1850. He was a friend and confidential adviser of Frederick William IV., and was a leader of the anti-revo. lutionary party. Radstadt (räd'stät). A town in Salzburg, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Enns 31 miles south by east of Salzburg. It was formerly of importance. Rae (rā), John. Born in the Orkney Islands, 1813: died at London, July 24, 1893. A British arctic explorer. He studied medicine at Edinburgh, and was for a time a ship's surgeon in the employment of the Hudson Bay Company. He made explorations in 1815 and 1846-47. In 1848 he went with Richardson in search of Franklin. He proved King William's Land to be an island and discovered traces of Sir John Franklin 1853 1854. In 1864 he made a telegraphic survey acro the Rocky Mountains. Raeburn (rā'bėrn), Sir Henry. Born at Stock bridge, near Edinburgh, March 4, 1756: died there, July 8,1823. A Scottish portrait-painter. He was educated at Heriot's Hospital, and at 15 appren ticed to a goldsmith at Edinburgh. From this he pa ed to miniature-painting and to oil-painting, entirely self taught. He visited Sir Joshua Reynolds in London, and later (1778) went to Italy, returning to Edinburgh in 1780, where he remained. He painted portraits of Scott, Blair, Robertson, Dugald Stewart, etc. In 1814 he was made a ociate royal academician; and in 1815 royal academician. Rædwald (rad'wâld), or Redwald (red′wâld). A powerful king of East Anglia (died about 617): included among the Bretwaldas. Ra-en-ka (rä'en-kä'). A remarkable work of early Egyptian art, in the museum at Gizeh, Egypt. It is a figure of wood, of over half natural size, representing a middle-aged man standing in the attitude of a person directing workmen. The eyes are inlaid. The lish colonial governor and administrator in Java and Sumatra. He published a "History of Java" (1817). Rafinesque (rä-fe-nesk'), Const an tine Smaltz. Born at Galatz, Constantinople, 1784: died at Philadelphia, Sept. 18, 1842. A French-American botanist. He published several works on botany and miscellaneous subjects. Rafn (räfn), Karl Christian. Born at Brahes borg, Fünen, Denmark, Jan. 16, 1795: died at Copenhagen, Oct. 20, 1864. A noted Danish antiquary. He published various works on Northern antiquities, and is best known from his "Anti quit ates Americane" (1837), on the medieval (10th-century) discoveries and the settlements from the 11th to the 14th century of the Scand in avians in America. Raft of the Medusa. A painting by Géricault, in the Louvre, Paris. The raft bears the dying survivors of the lost frigate. It is a dramatic presentation of suffering and despair. The picture created a sensation, when exhibited in 1819, as one of the earliest strongly defining the tendencies of the new Romantic school. Ragatz, or Ragaz (rä'gäts). A watering-place in the canton of St.-Gall, Switzerland, situated on the Tamina in lat. 47° N., long. 9° 30′ E. It is noted for its hot springs, and has about 50,000 visitors annually. A victory was gained here by the Swi Confed over Austrians, 1446, by which the independence of the former was materially strengthened. Raghava (rä'gha-va). [Skt., 'descendant of Rama. Raghu.'] In Sanskrit mythology, a name of Raghu (ra'g-hö). In Hindu mythology, an an- cient king, ancestor of Rama (whence the lat- ter is called Raghava, 'descendant of Raghu'). Raghu race.'] A Sanskrit poem, ascribed to Raghuvansha (ra-g-hö-van's ha). [Skt., 'the Kalidasa, on the history of Ramachandra, the Raghava. Its date cannot, according to Jacobi, be ear- lier than the 4th century A. D. It has been translated into Latin by Stenzler, and into English by Griffiths. Raglan, Lord. See Somerset, Fitzroy James Henry . Ragman Roll. 1. A collection of parchments containing the record of the fealty of Scottish barons, clergy, and gentry to Edward I. of Eng- land when in Scotland in 1296. In the Chronicle of Lanercost (edited by Stevens on, page 261) we read that an instrument or charter of subjection ragman , because of the many seals hanging from it. "Unum instrumentum sive cart am subjection is et homa gii faciend i regibus Angliæ a Scott is propter multa sigilla dependent i a ragman vocatur." That is the sense in homage to the Kings of England is called by the Scots Dubrovnik , Turk. Paprovnik .] A seaport of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Adriatic in lat. 42° 38′ N., long. 18° 9′ E. It exports oil. The chief buildings are the cathedral and the medieval century: was recruited largely by fugitives from Old Ragusa and by Slavs; became a republic governed by rectors; came under the protection of Hungary, Turkey, etc.; was a flourishing maritime state in the 15th century; was nearly destroyed by an earthquake in 1667; became the seat of a flourishing literature; was occupied by the French in 1806; and was given to Austria in 1814. Population (1890), commune, 11,177. Ragusa. A city in the province of Syracuse, Sicily, situated on the river Ragusa 30 miles west-southwest of Syracuse. It is sometimes ident if led with the ancient Hybla Heræa. Population (1881), 24,341; with the lower town, 30,721. Ragusa Vecchia (rä-gö'sä vek'ke-ä). ['Old Ra gus a.'] A small town 9 miles southeast of Ragusa in Dalmatia: the ancient Epidaurus. Raguse, Duc de (Duke of Ragusa). See Mar mont . Rahab (rā'hab). In Old Testament history, a woman of Jericho who protected two spies sent by Joshua to view the land. She concealed them in her house, put their pursuers on a false scent, and let them down by a cord from a window (Josh. ii.). She was the mother of Boaz, and David was her descendant. Rahel. See Varnhagen von Ense . Rahl (räl), Karl. Born at Vienna, Aug. 13, 1812: died there, July 9, 1865. An Austrian historical painter. Rahmaniyeh (räh-mä-ne'ye), or Ramanieh (rä-mä-ne'e). A place in the Delta of Egypt, 40 miles east by south of Alexandria. It was a scene of military operations in the French campaigns in Egypt 1798-1801. Ra-Hotep. See Nefert and Ra - Hotep . Rahu (rä hö). [Skt., 'the seizer' obscuration begins. eseizer'; from ✓ rabh = grah, seize.] In Sanskrit, the demon who seizes the sun and moon, and thereby occasions their eclipse. In astronomical treatises, the ascending node, the eclipse itself, and especially the moment at which the Rahway (ra' wā). A city in Union County, New Jersey, situated on Rahway River 17 miles southwest of New York. It has manufactures of carriages, etc. Population (1900), 7,935. Raiatea (ri-ä-ta'ä), or Ulietea (ö-le-e-tä'ä). One of the Society Islands, Pacific Ocean. It is the largest of the Leeward group, situated northwest of Tahiti. Rai Bareli (rī bä-rā'lē), or Roy Bareilly (roi bä-rā'lē). 1. A division of Oudh, British India. Area, 4,882 square miles. Population (1881), 2,756,864.-2. A district in the division of Rai Bareli, intersected by lat. 26° 15′ N., long. 81° E. Area, 1,751 square miles. Population (1891), 1,036,521.-3. The capital of the district of Rai Bareli, situated on the Sai about lat. 26° 14′ N., long. 81° 15′ E. Population (1891), 18,798. Raibolini, Francesco. See Francia . Raikes (råks), Robert. Born at Gloucester, Eng- land, Sept. 14, 1735: died April 5, 1811. An English publisher, noted as a philanthropist. He was the originator of the modern Sunday-schools, the first of which he established at Gloucester in 1780. Railroad City, The. Indianapolis. which Lang land uses the word. Afterwards in Wyntoun's Chronicle, Douglas and Dunbar, "ragman" and "ragment" mean a long piece of writing, a rhapsody, or an account. Rail-Splitter, er, The. A nickname of Abraham In course of time, it is said, "ragman's roll" became "rig marole." Morley , English Writers, IV. 291. 2. A poem printed by Wynkyn de Worde, consisting of a list of good and bad women in alternate stanzas. Ragnar Lodbrok (rägnär lōd'brok). A semilegendary Norse viking, supposed to have invaded England about the end of the 8th century. Ragnarök (räg'nä-rėk'). [From Icel. ragna rökr , twilight of the gods (G. Götterdämmer ung ), from ragna , gen, of rögn , reg in , neut. pl., the gods (= Goth. rag in , counsel, will, determination, from ragineis , counselor), and rökr , twilight, dimne , vapor; but orig. ragna rök , the history of the gods and the world, esp. with ref. to the last judgment, doomsday, from rök , reason, judgment.] In Old Norse mythology, the general destruction of the gods in a great battle with the evil powers, in which the latter also perish and the universe is consumed by fire. It is followed by the regeneration of all things. A new earth rises from the sea; sons of Odin and of Thor, gods who represent the regenerative forces of nature, reappear, together with Baldur and Hödur (Old Norse Hodhr ), gods of the year's seasons; and the earth is peopled anew. Ragotzky. See Rákóczy . Raguet (rä-gaā'), Condy. Born at Philadelphia, Jan. 28, 1784: died there, March 22, 1842. An American political economist. He published “Principles of Free Trade" (1835), “On Currency and Banking" (1839), etc. Lincoln, in allusion to his early life. Raimond. See Raymond . Raimondi (ri-mon'dē), Antonio. Born at Milan, 1825: died at Lima, Peru, Dec., 1890. An Italian geographer and naturalist. He went to Peru in 1850, and spent 20 years in traveling and collecting material for his great work on the geography and natural history of the republic. This was to have been printed at the expense of the nation, and 3 preliminary volumes appeared (1874, 1876, and 1880). The edition of the 4th volume was destroyed by the Chileans in 1881, and after the war the publication was interrupted; but the materials collected by Raimondi are preserved by the Peruvian Geographical Society. He published a topographical and geological account of Ancachs (1873). Raimondi (ri-mon ́dē), Marc antonio. Born at Bologna, Italy, about 1475: died before 1534. One of the chief Italian engravers of the Renai ance. He engraved after Raphael, Giulio Romano, Albrecht Dürer, and others. Raimund. See Raymond. Raimund (rī'mönd), Ferdinand. Born at Vienna, June 1, 1790: died Sept. 5, 1836. An Aus tri an dramatist and actor. Raimundus Lullus. See Lully . Rain (rin). A small town in Swabia, Bavaria, situated near the Lech 22 miles north of Augsburg. It was the scene of an engagement between the forces of Gustavus Adolphus and Tilly, April 15, 1632, in which Tilly was mortally wounded. Rainer (ri'ner), Archduke of Austria. Born Sept. 30, 1783: died in Tyrol, Jan. 16, 1853. Seventh son of the emperor Leopold II., vice Rainer roy of the Austrian po e ions in Italy from 1818 to the insurrection of 1848. Rainier (rā'nēr), Mount. The highest mountain in the State of Washington, situated east of Tacoma. It is of volcanic origin. Height, 14,526 feet. Sometimes called Tacoma . Rains (rānz), Gabriel James. Born in North Carolina, 1803: died at Aiken, S. C., Sept. 6, 1881. An American general. He graduated at West Point in 1827; served in the Seminole and Mexican wars; and obtained the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1860. He accepted a brigadier-generalship in the Confederate service in 1861, and served with distinction at Wilson's Creek, Shiloh, and Seven Pines. He afterward had charge of the conscript and torpedo bureaus at Richmond. Rainy (ra'ni) Lake. A lake on the border of Minnesota and Canada, northwest of Lake Superior. Its outlet is the Rainy River (length 80 to 100 miles) to the Lake of the Woods. Length of the lake, about 55 miles. Raipur (ri-pör'). The capital of the district of Raipur, Central Provinces of British India, situated about lat. 21° 15′ N., long. 81° 41′ E. Population, with cantonment (1891), 23,759. Rais. See Retz . Raisin (rā'zn). A river in southern Michigan which flows into Lake Erie 34 miles south-southwest of Detroit. Length, about 125 miles. For the battle fought on it in 1813, see French town . Rajagriha (rä-ja-gri'ha). [King's house'; in Pali Rajagaha .] The Girivraja of the Ramayana, the modern Rajgir in Behar. It was the capital of Magadha, and one of the scenes of Buddha's preaching. Near it was the Veluvana ('bamboo grove') which King Bimbisaragave to Buddha, and in which Buddha delighted to dwell. Raja man dry (rä-jä-man'drē), or Rajamahendri (rä-jä-mä-hen'drē). A town in Godavari district, Madras, British India, situated on the Godavari about lat. 17° N., long. 81° 48′ E. Population (1891), 28,397. Rajashekhara (rä-ja-sha'k-ha-ra). A Hindu dramatist who lived about 900 A. D. (Von Schröder). He was the author of three Sanskrit dramas, the "Balaramayana" ("Exploits of Balarana"), the "Prachandapandava" ("The Wrathful Sons of Pandu "), and the "Viddhashalabhanjika" ("The Wounded Doll"), and of a Prakrit drama, the "Karpuramanjari" ("Cluster of Camphor-blo oms"). Raj at a rang in i (rä-ja-ta-rang'gi-nē). [Skt., Stream of Kings.'] A Sanskrit chronicle of the kings of Kashmir, written about 1148 A. D. by Kalhana. It is remarkable as almost the only work in Sanskrit literature which has any historical value. There is a French translation by Troyer. Rajeshaye, or Rajeshahi. See Rajshahi . Rajputana, or Rajpootana (räj-pö-tä'na). A name given collectively to twenty native states in India, under British protection, situated in the northwestern part of the country. The chief states are Bikanir, Jaipur, Jaisalmir, Marwar, and Mewar. The ruling people are the Rajputs. The region formed part of the Mogul empire; it was subjugated by the Mah rattas. 12,016,102.