JOHNSON, ALVIN SAUNDERS

(1874), Economist; 6. in Nebraska; Bachelor of Arts, 1897, University of Nebraska; Doctor of Philosophy, Columbia College, 1902; 1901-1902, reader in 1906, at Columbia as tutor; instructor and adjunct profe or economics; 19061908, University of Nebraska; 1908, University of Texas, profe or of economics; 1911-1912, at Leland Stanford, Jr., university profe or of economics; 1916-1918, profe or of political science at Stanford University. Member American Economic A ociation, Phi Beta Kappa, Authors’ Club. Author of: Rent) in Modern Economic Theory, 1903; Introduction to Economics, 1909; The Pro-' fe or and the Petticoat, 1914; John Stuy-, vesant, Ancestor, 1919. enteenth President of the United States; | b. Raleigh, North Carolina. He had no schooling and was barely able to read when at the age of ten he was apprenticed to a tailor. He improved his spare time a iduously in study and after he had married his wife taught him in the evenings to write and cipher. His entrance into politics began when he was chosen as alderman of Greenville, Tenn., in 1828, by 2 workingman’s party. He became mayor of that town, in 1830; served in the Tenne ee Lower House, 1835-39, and in the State Senate, 1841. Be was elected as a Democrat to Congre , in 1843, and served ten years in that body. He was governor of Tenne ee from 1853 to 1857, and in the latter year became a member of the United States Senate. He was an ardent Unionist, and from March, 1862, until 1864, served with great courage and efficiency as military governor of Tenne ee. Although nominally still a Democrat, the Republican party chose him, in 1864, to run for Vice President on the Lincoln ticket. The a a ination of Lincoln, in 1865, placed Johnson in the Presidential chair. A few weeks later, the Civil War came to an end, and Johnson was faced with the problem of the reconstruction of the States lately in rebellion. For this task he proved wholly unfitted. He was egostistic, stubborn and vindictive, although his personal integrity was undoubted and he had considerable intellectual ability. His unfortunate indulgence in liquor weakened his influence, which began to wane almost immediately after his a umption of the Presidency. He was constantly at odds with Congre , and the struggle between the executive and legislative branches of the government finally led to his impeachment. He escaped conviction on the impeachment charges by only one vote. Following the expiration of his term of office he was chosen to the United States Senate, in 1875 but d. before taking his seat. The most important events of Johnson’s administration were the pa age of the Civil Rights Bill; the adoption of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution; the purchase of Alaska and the admi ion of Nebraska into the Union. lisher. Born in Vermont. Graduate of Amherst College, 1899. 1899 reporter New York Evening Post. From 19001919 editor and manager of different book concerns in New York. Since 1915 a ociate profe or of English at Va ar College. Author of: Rhymes of Little Boys, 1905. Pleasant Tragedies of Childhood, 1905. Beastly Rhymes, 1906. Rhymes of Home, 1909. Yearbook of Humor, 1910. Bashful Ballads, 1911. Rhymes of Little Folk, 1915. A Private Code, 1915. The Well of English and the Bucket, 1917. The Bubble Books, 1919. Youngsters, 1921. Writes for magazines.