skeletology (skeletoloji)

[ skeleton, + -λογία, lumbar vertebræ; 16, sacrum; 17, coccyx; 18, costal cartilages; 19, ribs: 20, præsternum; 21, me so sternum; 22, meta sternum; 23, clavicle; 24, coracoid; 25, acromion; 26, scapula; 27, tuberosity of humerus; 28, humerus; 29, condyles of humerus; 30, head of radius; 31, radius: 32, ulna; 33, styloid proce of radius and ulna; 34, ilium; 35. anterior superior spine of ilium; 36, anterior inferior spine of ilium; 37. symphysis pubis; 38, tuberosity of ischium 39, pubis; 40, obturator foramen; 41, head of femur; 42, neck of femur; 43, greater trochanter of femur; 44, 44. shaft of femur; 45, condyles of femur; 46, patella; 47, tuberosity of tibia; 48, shaft of tibia; 49, lower end of tibia; 50, fibula. fishes the whole skeleton is cartilaginous. In most vertebrates, however, the cartilage forming the skeleton of the embryo or fetus is mainly converted into bone by the proce of o ification, or deposition of bone-earth, some parts, especially of the ribs, remaining as a rule cartilaginous. The vertebrate endoskeleton consists of axial parts, the axial skeleton, in a series of consecutive segments, the vertebræ, with their immediate offshoots, as ribs, and at the head end a skull or cranium (except in the A crania or lowest fishes); and of appendages, the appendicular skeleton, represented by the one or two (never more) pairs of limbs, if any, including the pectoral and pelvic arch, or shoulder and hip-girdle, by means of which the limbs are attached to the axis or trunk. Various other o ifications may be and usually are developed in IMG:content-1184.png:[merged small][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed] Skeleton and Outline of Lion ( Felis leo). IMG:content-1185.jpg:[ocr errors] fr, frontal bone; C, cervical vertebræ; D, dorsal vertebræ; L, lum bar vertebræ; ca, caudal vertebræ; sc, scapula; pe, pelvis (the letters are at the ischium); ma, mandible; hu, humerus; ra, radius; ul, ulna; c, carpus; mc, metacarpus; fe, femur; tib, tibia; fib, fibula; ca, calcaneum; tar, tarsus; mt, metatarsus; 1, phalanges. the bones of the skeleton; they are horny, not o eous or dentinal, in some animals. The human skeleton consists of about 200 bones, without counting the teeth the enumeration varying somewhat according as the scle roskeletal sesamoid bones are or are not included. See sesa moid. (2) The external covering of the body; the cuticle or epidermis; the dermoskeleton or exoskeleton, including all the nonvascular, non-ner Endoskeleton ( a ) and Exoskeleton or Dermoskeleton (b) of Pichiciago (Chlamydophorus truncatus). vous cuticular or epidermal structures, as horns, hoofs, claws, nails, hairs, feathers, scales, etc. In man the exoskeleton is very slight, consisting only of cuticle, nails, and hair; but in many vertebrates it is highly developed and may be bony, as in the shells of armadillos and of turtles, the plates, shields, or bucklers of various reptiles and fishes, etc. See also cuts under arch i pterygium, car a pace, Catarrh in a, elasmosaur, Elephant inæ, endoskeleton, epipleura, Equidæ, fish, Ichthyornis, Ichthyosauri a, Ichthy osaurus, Mastodont inæ, Mylodon, ox, Plesiosaur us, ptero dactyl, and Pteropodidæ; also cuts under skull, and others there named. A skeleton , ferocious, tall, and gaunt; Whose loose teeth in their naked sockets shook, And grinn'd terrific a Sardonian look. IMG:content-1186.png:[blocks in formation] 4. Milit., a regiment whose numbers have become reduced by casualties, etc. The numerical strength of the regiments was greatly diminished during their stay in camps, and it only required a single battle or a few nights pa ed in a malarious locality to reduce them to skeletons . Comte de Paris , Civil War in America (trans.), I. 274. 5. A very lean or much emaciated person; a mere shadow of a man. To paint Daniel Lambert or the living skeleton , the pig faced lady or the Siamese twins, so that nobody can mistake them, is an exploit within the reach of a sign painter. Macaulay , Madame D'Arblay. 6. In printing, an exceedingly thin or condensed form of light-faced type. Archetype by Profe or Owen, to which the endoskeletons of all the Vertebrata were referred as modifications. No animal is known to conform very closely to this a umed archetype. skeleton, in comp. an at., ideal constructed -Dermal skeleton. See dermal, exoskeleton, and def. 1 (g) (2), above. - Family skeleton. Same as skeleton in the closet. Oral skeleton. See oral. - Skeleton at the feast, a reminder of care, anxiety, or grief in the midst of pleasure: so used in allusion to the Egyptian custom of having a skeleton (or rather a mummy) at feasts as a reminder of death. Also called a death's -head at the feast. - Skeleton in the closet, cupboard, or house, a secret source of fear, anxiety, or annoyance; a hidden domestic trouble. II. a. 1. Of or pertaining to a skeleton; in the form of a skeleton; skeletal; lean. He was high-shouldered and bony, and had a long, lank, skeleton hand. Dickens , David Copper field, xv. 2. Consisting of a mere framework, outline, or combination of supporting parts: as, a skele ton leaf; a skeleton crystal. He kept a skeleton diary, from which to refresh his mind in narrating the experience of those seventeen days. The Century, XL. 307. 5667 Skeleton bill, a signed blank paper stamped with a bill stamp. The subscriber is held the drawer or acceptor, as it may be, of any bill afterward written above his name for any sum which the stamp will cover. - Skeleton boot. See boot2.- Skeleton drill, a drill for officers when men are wanting to form a battalion in single rank. A skeleton battalion is formed of companies of 2, 4, or 8 men each, representing, if there are 2, the flanks of the company; if there are 4, the flanks of half-companies; if there are 8, the flanks of sections. The intervals between the flanks are preserved by means of a piece of rope held at the ends to its full extent. - Skeleton form, a form of type or plates, prepared for pre , in which blanks are largely in exce of print. - Skeleton frame, in spinning, a form or frame in which the usual can is replaced by a skeleton. E. H. Knight. Skeleton key. See key1.- Skeleton plow. See plow. - Skeleton suit, a suit of clothes consisting of a tight-fitting jacket and pair of trousers, the trousers being buttoned to the jacket. - Skeleton wagon, a very light form of four-wheeled driving-wagon used with racing-horses.