Ramus

(ra’-mus) [L.]. I. A branch, especially of a vein, artery, or nerve. 2. A slender proce of bone projecting like a branch or twig from a large bone, as the R. of the lower jaw; ascending R. of the ischium; ascending or horizontal R. of the pubes. R. com muni cans, a branch of a spinal nerve connecting it with the sympathetic ganglia. TABLE OF RALES. How and Where Variety. When Heard. Produced. Character. Amphoric. Inspiration and By movement of air in Large, musical, expiration. a tense-walled cavity and tinkling. containing air and communicating with a bronchus. Bubbling, large. Inspiration and By pa age of air Larger than the expiration. through frothy mucus medium bub in the trachea and bling; moist. larger bronchi. Bubbling, me- Inspiration and By pa age of air Larger than the dium. small bubbling; expiration. through mucus in the larger tubes. moist. Bubbling, Inspiration and By pa age of air Small, moist; like small. expiration. through mucus in the the bursting of bronchioles. small bubbles. Cavernous. Inspiration and By pa age of air Hollow and metal expiration. through a small cavity lic. with flaccid walls, that collapse with expiration. Clicking. Inspiration only. Small, sticky. By pa age of air through s o f t e n i n g material in smaller bronchi. When bronchial tubes ing. Cons on at ing. Inspiration and Bright, clear, ring expiration. are surrounded by consolidated ti ue. Crackling, dry. In inspiration. By the breaking down Sharp, short, and clicking. of lung-ti ue. Crackling, Inspiration and By fluid in very small Larger than the large. expiration. cavities. medium crackling; dry. Crackling, Chiefly in inspira- By fluid in the finer Larger than the dry. crackling; medium. tion. bronchi. small Crackling, Chiefly in inspira- By fluid in the finer Small, dry; like small. tion. bronchi. the breaking of small shells. Crepitant. End of inspiration. By pa age of air into vesicles collapsed, or Small; like rubbing the hair be containing fibrinous tween the fing exudation. Usually ers. at the base of the lungs. Dry. Inspiration and By narrowing of the expiration. bronchial tubes from Large and sonorous, or small and hi ing, or thickening of the muwhistling. cous lining, from spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat, viscid mucus within, or pre ure from without. Condition in which Heard. In tuberculous and absce -cavities. Bronchitis and pulmonary engorgement. In capillary bronchitis, especially in children. In capillary bronchitis, especially in children. In the third stage of pulmonary los is. tubercu- In pulmonary tuberculosis, early stage. Tuberculous pneumonia. In the second or softening stage of pulmonary tuberculosis and in pulmonary gan- Ingrene. pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia, after cavities. tion of small form a- Softening of tuberculous deposit or pneumonic tion. exuda- Softening of tuberculous deposit or tion. pneumonic exuda- Pneumonia, early stage; edema of - lungs; hypostatic pneumonia; localized in pulmonary tuberculosis. In bronchitis, asthma, and localized in beginning pulmonary tuberculosis. TABLE OF RALES.— Continued. Variety. When Heard. How and Where Character. Condition in which Produced. Heard. Extra thoracic. In the trachea or larvnx. Friction. Inspiration and By the rubbing together Grazing, rubbing, In carditis. pleurisy and per i expiration; most of serous surfaces, distinct at the grating, creaking, or crackling. roughened by in flam end of ins pir amation or deprived of tion. their natural secretion. Gurgling. Inspiration and By the pa age of air Larger than the Pulmonary tuberculoexpiration. through fluid in cavilarge bubbling;; sis after formatiou of ties, on coughing. moist; like bursting the j of large ] cavities. bubbles. Guttural. In the throat. Moist. By the pa age of air through bronchi containing fluid. ch643.xhtml m 546