GRANT, ROBERT

(1852), American jurist and novelist. 6b. in Boston. Graduated from Harvard 1873 and_ the Law School {1879; appointed judge of probate and insolvents for Suffolk county in 1893. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Publications Little Tin Gods on Wheels; Confe ions of a Frivolous Girl; Unleavened Bread, 1900; The Law Breakers, 1906; The Chip pen dales, 1909; The High ao 1915; Law and the Family, ° 1885), American soldier and 18th President of the United States. 6. at Point Pleasant, Ohio, d. at Mount Mac Greg or near Sara toga Springs, Of Scotch ancestry his grandfather Noah Grant was a soldier in the Revolution. He was the oldest of six children born to Je e Root Grant and Hannah Simpson, and named Hiram Uly es but having been designated as Uly es Simpson in his appointment to the U.S. Military Academy he retained that name. Having obtained a good common school education he entered the U.S. Military Academy in 1839 and graduated in 1843, and was a igned to the Jefferson barracks in Mi ouri. In 1844 he accompanied the 4th Infantry to Louisiana and appointed 2nd lieutenant. Joined General Zachary Taylor’s army in occupation the next year. In the Mexican War he fought in the battle of Palo Alto and was present when Monterey fell. The 4th Infantry having joined Gen. Scott, the young lieutenant went through the succe ful campaigns that terminated with the capture of the City of Mexico. He was made Ist lieutenant and captain for bravery at Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. Returning to the United States in 1848 Grant married Mi Julia B. Dent of St. Louis. Three sons and a daughter were born to them, the eldest being Frederick Dent Grant (q.v.). In 1854 Grant resigned from the army and tried various occupations as farmer, real estate agent, and lastly as a clerk in his father’s leather store in Galena, Ill. At the beginning of the Civil War he offered his services to the Government by letter and received no reply. Having raised and drilled a company at Galena he was made a mustering officer and then Colonel of the 2ist Illinois Infantry Volunteers (June 17, 1861). A igned to a military district under Fremont in Mi ouri his command included western Kentucky and southern Illinois. His first act was to seize Paducah, Ky., and with 3000 men on transports from Cairo he made a demonstration against Belmont, Mo., to hold the Confederates at Columbus, Ky., from reinforcing General Price in Mi ouri. In February 1862.with gunboats under Commodore Foote attacks were made on Forts Henry and Do nelson. Foote captured Fort Henry and February i6, Grant took Fort Do nelson, for which he was promoted Major-General. With Halleck’s army he fought at Shiloh and helped to drive the Confederates out of Corinth. Halleck having been appointed commander-in chief of all the Federal armies, Grant succeeded him in the field. In October 1862 he commanded the Dept. of Tenne ee and the army of Mi i ippi which captured Vicksburg July 4. In the battle of Chattanooga, November 23-25, Grant defeated General Bragg and received the thanks of Congre and a gold medal, The rank of Lt.-General wasitevived for him in March, 1864. He had control now of all armies of the United States. Sherman commanded all troops west of the Alleghenies and north of Natchez. Grant’s army between Washington and Richmond had for its objective Lee’s Northern Army of Virginia. The Battles of the Wilderne and Spoitsylvania Court House were Federal victories but June 38, Grant’s troops were repulsed with great slaughter at Cold Harbor. The capture of Petersburg was followed by the siege and fall of Richmond and April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House. By a special Act of Congre Grant was appointed General July 25, 1866. He was nominated for President by the Republicans in 1868 on the first ballot. In the election Grant had 214 electoral votes to 80 for Seymour. He was renominated and reelected in 1872 defeating Horace Greeley. Grant’s administrations were notable for reduction of public debt; treaty with Engiand in 1871; settlement of the Canadian boundary and fisheries question, the 15th Amendment to the Constitution; coramercial treaty with Mexico, ete. General Grant made a trip around the world i 1877-1879. At the Republican Convention in 1880 he led for 36 ballots, when Garfield was named. In the same year Grant became a@ partner in a brokerage firm in New York and was victimized by his partner who was sent to prison, Congre restored him to the army in 1885 with rank of General and retired. His last years were spent on his Memoirs for which the public paid $500,000. Cancer of the throat from which he had long suffered led to his death in July 1, 1885. A stately tomb on the Hudson, at New York marks his resting place.