tonish, tonnish (tonish)

[ She is very handsome, and mighty gay and giddy, half tonish , and half hoydenish. Mme. D'Arblay , Diary, I. 221. tonishne (ton'ish-nes), n. The state or qual ity of being in high fashion; modishne . Also tonnishne . Mrs. North, who is so famed for tonishne , exhibited herself in a more perfect undre than I ever before saw any lady, great or small, appear in upon a visit. Mme. D'Arblay , Diary, I. 350. ( Davies .) tonite (tō'nīt), n. [ tonner or L. ton ( are ), thunder, + -ite2 .] See the quotation. Tonite consists of this macerated gun-cotton, intimately mixed up between edge-runners, with about the same weight of nitrate of baryta. This compound is then compre ed into candle-shaped cartridges, formed with a rece at one end for the reception of a fulminate-of-mercury Ei ler, Mod. High Explosives, p. 124. to nit roust, a . [ tonitrus , thunder, thunder .] Thunderous; boisterous. [Rare.] in cubic tons. Until 1836 the tonnage of British ships was found by multiplying the square of the breadth by the inboard length, and then dividing by 94. This is now called the "old measurement" (O. M.), and, though far from exact, is still in use to some extent for ascertaining the tonnage of pleasure-yachts, etc. As the cubic ton of 100 cubic feet forms the unit of a e ment for dock, harbor, and other dues, towage, etc., and as by the old system the depth of a ship was reckoned the same as the breadth, it became the interest of ship-owners to build ve els of narrow beam, but of increased depth. This resulted in a saving in tonnage-dues, but marred the sailing qualities and seaworthine of the ships. In 1836 a new and more exact system of measurement was established by enact ment of Parliament in the preceding year. In this system, known as the Moorsom system, as amended and elaborated in detail in later enactments, actual measurements of depth are made at certain intervals, the number of which depends on the length of the tonnage-deck of the ve el, and transverse areas at these points are computed, all measurements being put in feet and decimal parts of a foot. These transverse areas after being multiplied by certain numbers are added together, multiplied by one third the common distance between the areas, and then divided by 100. To this must be added the tonnage of all spaces above the tonnage-deck, the poop (if any), deck-houses, etc., which is obtained by multiplying the horizontal area by the mean height and dividing by 100 as before. These together give the gro register tonnage, each ton (called a register ton ) containing 100 cubic feet. In steamships the space occupied by the engine-room and the screw-shaft (which is considered a part of the engine-room) is to be deby the United States in 1864, and later by Denmark, A us ducted. The British system of measurement was adopted tri a-Hungary, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Greece, Ru ia, Finland, Hayti, Belgium, Japan, etc., and in its e entials by the Inter in 1873 in connection with fixing the basis for tolls for national Tonnage Congre which met at Constantinople ve els pa ing through the Suez Canal. As applied in these different countries there are slight differences in the rules for the deduction of engine-room tonnage, and in the United States the number of transverse areas is greater. The rule followed in the United States before 1865, when the new measurement came into force, was to multiply the extreme length of the ship (le one third its breadth) by the breadth and the depth, and then divide by 95. In freighting ships, 40 cubic feet of merchandise is considpounds, ered a ton, in unle which that case bulk freight would is charged weigh by more weight. than 2,000 The ships fitted out under the general license were required to reserve one tenth of their tonnage for the crown. Pre scott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 9. 3. A duty or impost on ships, formerly estimated at so much per ton of freight, but now proportioned to the registered size of the ve els. Tonnage is a Custome or Impost for Merchandize brought or caried in Tonnes and such like Ve els from or to other Nations after a certaine rate in euerie Tonne. I haue heard it also a Dutie due to the Mariners for vnloading their shippe arriued in any Hauen, after the Minsheu, 1617. rate of euerie Tonne. Tonnage -taxes on shipping are not levied by Great Britain, nor, it is believed, by any other of the maritime states of Europe except Spain. Prior to the war, also, there were no tonnage -taxes in the United States. D. A. Wells , Our Merchant Marine, p. 179. 4. The ships of a port or nation collectively estimated by their capacity in tons: as, the tonnage of the United States. Sixteen ve els, which tonnaged in the aggregate 1,871 tons. C. M. Scammon, Marine Mammals, p. 241. tonnage-deck (tun'aj-dek), n. The upper deck on ships le than three decks, or the second deck from below if there are three or more