GALLS

—Certain insects deposit their éggs in the ti ues of plants, injecting at the same time a drop of irritating fluid. This causes increased growth of the plant ti ués, which cover the egg and providé shelter and sustenance for | the larve, forming a gall. G’s are found on oaks, willows, currants, and pears. | Many are brightly colored, but they | vary in size, shape, and color according | to the insects and the part of the plant attached, leaf or bud. If one member alone of the plant is attacked, they are one-chambered, but if buds are Lat tacked they have many chambers | which simulate flower and leaf structure. G’s usually contaih in addition to the larvee a certain number of insects which | cause birds to prey on them. Hemipteroy; and homopterous insects form cate Wasps are responsible for oak-apples, ‘from certain kinds of which ink is manufactured. Many different galls formed by Diptera, are found on willows. Mite-galls, consisting of little tufts of hair and hypertrophied cells, are found on the pear, plum, ash, and alder. They are caused by microscopic A car idea. GALL - STONES, lime concretions | formed by bile in gall-bladder; brown to | white, size from small gravel to goose | egg; hot for mentations helpful; sometimes ‘surgical operation nece ary.