SCHEME

from its accidental media of schools and profe ors, is nothing le than the actual development of philosophy itself. The several systems succe ively recorded are but so many gradations of progre , and the latest system is the sum and perfection of all anterior ones. Thus the theories of Schelling and Hegel are e entially based on the same principle; the absolute identity of thought and being. According to the former, the mind is in full po e ion both of truth and reality, the knowledge of which it attains by self-consciousne in the intellectual intuition. For th^ latter, Hegel substituted his dialectical momentum, or the logical development of the idea. Generally. Hegel stood in the same relation to Schelling as Wolff did to Leibnitz. The cold and rigorous formalism of Fichte was displaced by Schelling for a loose and illogical style of political enthusiasm. Hegel, however^ rightly insisted on the nece ity of a scientific and systematic form as an indispensable condition of an exact science of truth. (Michelet, Geschichte der letxten Systeme der Philosophic in Deutschland; Jacobi, Briefe iibe.r die Lehre des Spinosa; Fichte, Die Wi enschqftslehre; Die Be stim mung der Menschen; Schelling, System des transcendent a len Idealism us; Bj-uno, Oder ilber die gottliche und natUrliche Princip. der Dinge; Hegel, Phenomenologie des Geistes; Encyclopcedie der Philosophischen Wi enschqften. For some of the more recent views attributed to Schelling, see StahPs PhiloSophie des Rechts nach geschichtlicher Ansicht, S^c. S(c.) SCHEME. (Gr. trx'Kf'iM.) A plan or representation of any geometrical or astronomical figure; a diagram. SCHE'RIF. (Arab, lord, or master.) A title given in the East, by prescriptive usage, to those who descend from Mahomet through his son-in-law and daughter, All and Fatima. They are also called Emir and Seid, and have the privilege of wearing the green turban. {See Emir.) The chiefs of Mecca and of Medina, who are always supposed to belong to this sacred family, are styled the scherifs of those cities. SCHERO'MA. A dryne of the eye, arising from a deficiency in the secretion of the lachrymal glands. SCHIAH. See Sunniah. SCHILLER SPAR. (Germ, schillern, to change colours.) A mineral of a pearly lustre and changeable hues. Horn blend and Labradorite are varieties of it. SCHI'RRUS. (Gr. trxi^^os.) An induration of a gland, forming an indolent tumour, not readily suppurating, and at first unattended by discoloration of the sit in. SCHISM. (Gr. trx'^i^, 1 cleave.) Separation from the true church: of which, as of heresy, it may be said that Christians are not agreed whether the mere act constitutes the crime, or whether it is only a wilful and obstinate separation that deserves to be so denominated. The chief schisms enumerated by Roman Catholic authorities are those of the Nov a tians, the Donatists, the Lucifer i ans, the Greek church, and the Protestants. The great schism of the West in the 14th century holds also an important place iu the history of the Papacy. See Anttpope. SCHI'SMA. (Gr. irxiirv-et:) In Music, an interval equal to half a comma; therefore eighteen of them are required to make a complete tone. SCHIST. (Gr. i-x' Page 1102