trades union, trade union

Hist.: An organized body of workmen in any trade, manufacture, or industrial occupation as so. ciated together for the promotion of their common interests. Specific aims may vary in different unions, but generally speaking the aims of these organizations are the provision and distribution of funds, and by other means to regulate the conditions of labor in the trades included in the society, and the relation of its members with them; to promote the general and material welfare of its mem bers; to a ist them when out of work and in distre ed circumstances; to support them in case of sickne , accident, superannuation, and lo of tools by fire; to provide for their burial and the burial of their wives; and to aid other trade societies having for their objects, or one of them, the promotion of the interests of workinen. In this country trades-unions are numerous, scarcely any form of labor being without organized a ociation for mutual aid and protection. Of late years there have been almost constant conflicts between organized labor and capital, all over the world, and in this country the struggle has been particularly severe. One of the most far-reaching strikes of modern times was precipitated by the order of the president of the American Railway Union, calling out railway employes in support of the strike of the employes of the Pullman Car Co., at Chicago, June, 1893. For a period of three or four weeks the entire railway system of the United States was deranged, and the disturbance was quelled only by the interference of the General Government. These unfortunate occurrences created a popular sentiment unfavorable to the strikers, in which, however unjustly, trade-unions generally were included. sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. trades-unionism Previous to 1824, combinations of workmen were iliegal in England, as they still are in most European continental countries. The Trade Union Act (1871) provided for the registration of trade societies, and accorded a certain measure of protection for their funds; but as this Act was accompanied and practically nullified by the Criminal Law Amendment Act, an agitation took place which resulted in the pa ing of Mr. Mundella's Trade Union Act Amendment Act, in 1876. By this act every legal grievance of which the unions complained was re dre ed, and now nearly every trade society in the kingdom is duly registered, and stands in much the same position as any other trade corporation. In the early days of trades-unions, one of their most important functions was that of organizing strikes; but of late years there has been a reluctance to resort to such extreme measures. In 1860 a Board of Arbitration was established at the request of the boards have been formed by the sides i net art ford lace-workers in Nottingham, and since then similar shire, Middles borough, Cleveland, Bradford, Sheffield, and other places. In pursuance of the same policy, the Trades Union Congre , in 1874, pa ed a resolution to the effect that "in all trades where disputes occur, and where it is po ible to prevent strikes by starting cooperative establishments, all trade societies and trades councils be recommended thus, as far as po ible, prevent strikes and lock to render such a istance as lies in their power, and outs in the future." IMG:content-1298.png:[blocks in formation] 1. To barter or to buy and sell, as a busine ; to deal in the exchange, purchase or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or the like; to carry on trade or commerce as a busine ; to traffic. "The circulating capital with which he trades ."-Smith: Wealth of Nations , bk. ii., ch. ii. 2. To barter, buy, or sell in a single instance; to make an exchange. "In the mean time those who remained in the canoes traded with our people very fairly."-Cook: First Voyage, bk. ii., ch. ii. 3. To engage in affairs generally; to deal in any way; to have to do. "To trade and traffic with Macbeth In riddles and affairs of death." IMG:content-1299.png:[blocks in formation] 1. To sell or exchange in barter or commerce; to barter. "They traded the persons of men and ve els of bra in thy market." -Ezekiel xxvii. 13. *2. To frequent for purposes of trade. 4144 2. A ve el employed regularly in any particular trade, whether foreign or coasting; as, an East Indian trader . trăd-es-căn-ti-a (or ti as shi), s. [Named after the elder John Trade scant, apparently a Dutch man, appointed gardener to Charles I. in 1620. The younger Trade scant, son of the former, was also a botanist.] Botany : Spiderwort; an extensive genus of Com melynaceæ, from America and India. Sepals three, petals three, filaments covered with jointed hairs, capsule three-celled. About thirty species are cultivated in flower-gardens. Tradescantia virginica is the Common Spiderwort. It is an erect lily-like plant, about a foot high, with lanceolate, elongated smooth leaves, and a crowded umbel of se ile and pubescent blue flowers. In Virginia it grows in shady woods. It has been given for snake-bite, but boiled in oil, is taken for itch and leprosy. In Brais apparently only an emollient. T. mala baric a , z the rhizomes of T. diuretic a are given in dysury, strangury, . Plants of this genus have served as material for important observations on the physiology of plants, Mr. Robert Brown having observed the rotation of the cell-contents in the hairs of the stamens, though they have since been discovered in traditionally 4. In the Roman Church tradition is used in the same sense as II.1. The Council of Trent (Se .iv.. de Canonic is Scripturis ) teaches that the truth of Christ is contained partly in the sacred writings (thereafter enumerated), and partly in unwritten tradition received by the Apostles from Christ or from the Holy Ghost, and intrusted by them to the Church, and that Scripture and Apostolic tradition are alike to be reverenced. 5. Mohammedanism : A recital containing a sen tence or declaration of Mohammed regarding some religious question, either moral, ceremonial, or theological. IMG:content-1300.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1301.png:[blocks in formation] 2. One who has a trade or handicraft; a mechanic. ( Scotch & Amer .) tra-dille', s. [See def.] The same as TREDILLE (q. v.). "How far it [ombre] agreed with, and in what points it would be found to differ from tradille ."-Lamb: Mrs. Battle's Opinions on Whist. trād'-Ing, pr. par. & a. [TRADE, v.] A. As pr . par .: (See the verb.) B. As adjective : 1. Engaged in trade; carrying on trade or commerce; as, a trading company. 2. Applied in a disparaging sense to a person whose public actions are regulated by his interests rather than by his principles; bearing the character of an adventurer; venal. *trading-flood, s . A trade-wind (q. v.). "They on the trading - flood Ply, stemming nightly toward the Pole." Milton: P. L. , ii. 640. *3. To educate; to bring up; to train. "Euery one of these colleges haue in like maner their profe ors or readers of the toongs and seuerall sciences, as they call them, which dailie trade vp the youth there abiding priuatlie in their halles."-Holinshed: Descrip. Eng ., bk. ii., ch. iii. *4. To pa ; to spend. I. Ordinary Language : *1. The act of handing over or delivering some thing in a formal or legal manner; delivery. "A deed takes effect only from this tradition or de livery."-Black stone: Comment ., bk. ii., ch. 20. 2. The handing down of events, opinions, doctrines, practices, customs, or the like, from father stan dinge, whiche haue traded our lines familiarly with *trād'-ěd, adj . [TRADE, v.] Practiced, versed, skilled, experienced. "My will enkindled by mine eyes and ears, Two traded pilots 'twixt the dangerous shores Of will and judgment." Shakesp.: Troilus and Cre ida , ii. 2. trāde-ful, a. [Eng. trade , s.;- ful ( 1 ).] Full of trade or busine ; engaged in trade; busy in traffic; commercial. "Through the naked street, Once haunt of tradeful merchants, springs the gra ." Warton: Pleasures of Melancholy. trāde-le , adj . [Eng. trade , s.; -le .] Destitute of trade; not busy in trade. "O'er generous glebe, o'er golden mines Her beggared, famished, tradele native roves." Young: The Merchant, strain 5.