Liszt

(list), Franz (originally Ferencz), Raiding, near Oedenburg, Hungary, Oct. 22, 1811—Bayreuth, July 31, 1886; in many ways the most brilliant of all pianists, and a composer whose poorest works are too popular, while he is not granted the credit due his more solid achievements; as great a patron of art, also, as he was creator. Son and pupil of an amateur; at nine played in public, at Oedenburg, Ries’ Ep concerto. A group of Hungarian counts subscribed a 6 years’ annuity of 600 florins, and the family moved to Vienna, L. Czerny (pf.), and Salieri (theory) for 18 months. Beethoven hearing him play. his trio op. 97, embraced. him. At 12 he gave v. succ. concerts in Vienna and his father took him to Paris, where he was refused as a of Cherubin i’s objections to ‘infant phenomena;”’ hereafter L. was his own teacher, in comp. with Paér he studied and Reicha. At 14, his t-act operetta, “Don Sancho” had 5 performances at the Acad. royale de musique. On his father’s death in 1827 he supported his mother by teaching, soon becoming the salon idol he always remained. He was strongly influenced by Chopin, von Weber, Pagan in i and Berlioz. had a brilliant series of heart-affairs, beginning with the literary Counte d’Agoult (‘Daniel Stern”),- with whom he lived in Geneva (1835-39). She bore him a son and three daughters; Cosima, the youngest, became the wife of von Biilow, later of Wagner. 1839, undertook to earn by concerts money enough for the completion of the 1849, ct.-cond. royal encouragement progre . Weimar, Bonn. to aid. mus. greatest patron among creative artists, aiding Wagner materially by productions of his works at Weimar and by pf.-transcriptions, aiding also Raff, Schumann, and Berlioz, finally resigning before the opposition to, and failure of, an opera by Cornel i us (q. v.). 1859-70, he lived chiefly at Rome, where in 1866 the Pope, Pius IX., made him an abbé. 1870 he was reconciled with the Weimar Court. 1875 pres. of the new Acad. of Mus. at Pesth; he spent his last years at Weimar, Pesth, and Rome, followed by a large retinue of disciples and pupils whom he taught free of charge. He died during a Bayreuth. Festival. C. 2 SYMPHS.: “ Dante’ (after the ‘Divina Com media” with female chorus); “Eine Faustsymphonie”’ (‘Faust,” ‘Gretchen,” ‘‘Me phis top heles,”’ with male chorus); SymMpH. Poems: “Ce qu’on entend sur la montagne’ (Victor Hugo); ‘Ta o, lamento e trionfo’’; “Les Préludes”’; ‘“Orpheus’’; ‘‘ Pro me the us’’; ‘“Mazeppa”’; ‘‘Festklange’’; ““Héroide funébre’; “‘ Hungaria’; “ Hamlet”; “ Hunnenschlacht”; “Die Ideale”’ (Schiller); and ‘‘Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe’’ (Michael Zichy); orRCcH. “Zwei Episoden aus Lenaus Faust’ (Der nichtliche Zug, 2 Me phis to-wilzer), etc. For’ PIANO: 2. concertos; “Danse macabre” with orch.; ‘“Concerto pathétique’; 15 ‘‘Rhapsodies hongroises’”’; ‘‘Rhapsodie espagnole’’; “Sonata in B Min.”; “Fantasia and Fugue on B-A-—C- H’’; variations ona theme from Bach’s B-min. ma ; 10 “Harmonies poétiques et réligieuses”; ‘“‘Années de pélerinage’’; “Apparitions,’ 2 ballades; “Consolations”; 2 élégies; 2 légendes (“St. Frangois D?’A ise” and “St. Franco is de Paul’’); ‘“ Liebestrdume”’ (Notturnos); ‘Etudes déxécution transcend ante”’; “Ab ira to, étude de perfectionnement’”’; _concert-études, “Waldesrauschen” ‘Gnomenreigen”’; ‘‘Technische Studien’? (12 books), etc., and many transcriptions of symphs., overtures, 50 songs by Schubert, etc. Vocal comps.: ma es, “Graner” incl. (the Festival Ma ); requiem; 3 oratorios, “Die Legende von der Heiligen Elisabeth,” “Stanislaus,” and “Christ us”; Psalms 13th, 18th, etc., with orch. and other church music; 3 cantatas with orch.; male choruses, 60 songs, etc. Wrote life of Chopin, of Franz, etc. Complete ed. of his writings in 6 vols. Biogr. by L. Ramann, 1880. There is an extengive Liszt literature; among studies of his life and work are those Gédllerich, Kapp, Schrader, Raabe, Corder, Habets, Hervey, Huneker, Newman, Pourtalés, Sitwell, W. Wallace and La Mara; a complete edition of his musical works is being prepared by Breitkopf and Hartel, under the auspices of a committee headed by Raabe. (See article, page 502.) Litolff (lé’-tdlf), H. Chas., London, Feb. 6, 1818—Paris, Aug. 6, 18913 prominent pianist, conductor, publisher and composer.