A do scul at i on

[Lat. adosculari, to ki . ( Bot.) The inserting of one part of a plant into another. (Physiol.) An impregnation by mere external contact, without intermi ion, as in fishes. Ad'our, a river of France, which rises 6 miles to the east of Barèges, in the department of the Upper Pyrenees, and running by Tarbes and Dax, falls into the bay of Biscay, 3 miles beyond Bayonne, where it joins the Nive. Its course, through many fertile valleys, is about 180 miles. Adowa, one of the principal towns in the kingdom of Tigré, Aby in i a, with houses built in a conical form, and arranged into streets. It is the great mart between the interior and the coast, and reaps the advantage of a transit trade between the Red Sea-ports and Gondar. Pop. 10,000. Lat. 14° 12′30′′ N., lon. 39° 5′ Е. Adown', ad . [From A. S. dûn , hill.] Down; on the ground; torious. - A. , after a long reign, died from grief occasioned by the death of his son Ægialeus. A temple was raised to his memory at Sicyon. Ad'rets, FRANCIS DE BEAUMONT, BARON DES, a violent French Huguenot, who signalized himself by many daring exploits, as well as cruelties. He subsequently became a Catholic, but died as he had lived, in general detestation. D. 1587. At some places he obliged his prisoners to throw themselves from the battlements upon the pikes of his soldiers. Reproaching one for retreating twice from the fatal leap, "Sir," replied the man, "I defy you, with all your bravery, to take it in three." This keen rejoinder saved his life. Ad'ria. [Anc. Hadria , Hatria , or Atria .] A town of N. Italy, province Rovigo. It was formerly of such great importance as to give its name to the Adriatic Sea, but is now only interesting as one of the oldest towns in Europe. It is cro ed by the Castaguaro, a branch of the Adige, and stands 30 miles S.S.W. of Venice. It was anciently a seaport in Cisalpine Gaul, but the alluvia of the Po and Adige have caused the sea to recede, until the town is now 14 miles inland. Pop . 10,000. Lat. 45° 3' N., lon. 11° E. A'drian, or Hadrian, PUBLIUS ÆLIUS, a Roman emperor, B. at Rome, 76 A. D. Entering the army quite young, he became tribune of a legion, and married Sabina, the heire of Trajan, whom he accompanied on his expeditions, and became succe ively prætor, governor of Pannonia, and consul. On Trajan's death, in 117, he a umed the government, made peace with the Persians, and remitted the debts of the Roman people. No monarch informed himself more by travelling than Adrian. In 120 he visited Gaul, whence he pa ed over to Britain. He afterwards visited Africa and Asia, and in 125 was initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries at Athens. In his reign the Christians underwent a dreadful persecution. He built a temple to Jupiter, on Mount Calvary, and placed a statue of Adonis in the manger of Bethlehem; he also had images of swine engraved on the gates of Jerusalem, all of which acts indicate a contempt for Christianity. Adrian D. at Baise, 139. On his deathbed he composed some Latin verses, addre ed to his soul, which betray his uncertainty with regard to a future state. He had great virtues, which were, however, blended with as great vices. He adopted as his son Titus Antonius, on condition that he should adopt Marcus Annius Verus and the son of Lucius Verus. A'drian I., POPE, born at Rome, succeeded Stephen III. in 772. Like his predece or, he had to struggle against the power of the Longobards, who had invaded the Exarchate and other provinces bestowed by Pepin, king of the Franks, on the Roman see. Adrian applied to Charlemagne for a istance against Desiderius, king of the Longobards. The king of the Franks cro ed the Alps, defeated Desiderius, and overthrew the kingdom of the Longobards in Italy, in 774. Charlemagne then went to Rome, where Adrian acknowledged him as king of Italy, and the latter renewed the grant of the provinces bestowed on the Roman see by Pepin. Charlemagne paid another visit to Adrian at Rome in 787, when his son Pepin was christened by the pope. In 787, the seventh general council of the church was held at Nicæa, in which the worship of images was confirmed, and the iconoclasts were excommunicated. D. after a long pontificate of nearly 24 years, 795. Adrian was a man of talent and dexterity; he succeeded in gaining and preserving the friendship of the greatest sovereign of his time, and under him Rome began to breathe again after the continual alarms caused by the Longobards, the last of the barbarian invaders of the Western Empire. "Thrice did she sink adown in deadly sound."-Faerie Queene. Adown', prep . Down; towards the ground; from a Adrian II., born at Rome, succeeded Nicholas I. in the higher situation toward a lower. "Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair."-Dryden. Ad pond us omnium. [Lat., the weight of the whole.] (Med.) Words inserted in pharmaceutical preparations, or prescriptions, when the last ingredient ought to weigh as much as all the others put together. Ad quod damnum? [Lat., to what damage?] (Law.) A writ to inquire whether a grant will be attended with injury to any one. A'dra, a seaport of Spain, in Grenada, 60 miles S.E. of Grenada. Its lead mines are the chief support of the inhabitants. Pop . 7,500. Ad'ragant, or Tragacanth. See Gux. Adram'pat am, an Indian town in the British district of Tanjore, presidency of Madras, 34 miles W. of Point Calimere. Adramy'ti, a town of Natolia, on the E. coast of a gulf of the same name, 83 miles N. of Smyrna. Gall-nuts, olives, and wool form its principal exports. Adra'ra, a village of Lombardy, in Italy, celebrated for the wars of the Guelphs and the Ghi bel lines, 74 miles from Bergamo. Adras'ta. ( Myth.) One of the Oceanides, who nursed Jupiter. Adras'tia. ( Myth . ) A daughter of Jupiter and Nece ity. She is called by some Nemesis, and is the avenger of wrong. The Egyptians placed her above the moon, whence she looked down upon the actions of men. Adras'tus. There are many of this name in ancient history, the most remarkable of whom is the son of Talaus and Lysimache, who was king of Argos. Polynices, being banished from Thebes by his brother Eteocles, fled to Argos, where he married Argia, daughter of A. The king a isted his son-in-law, and marched against Thebes with an army led by seven of his most famous generals. All perished in the war except A. , who, with a few men who were saved from slaughter, fled to Athens, and implored the aid of These us against the The bans, who opposed the burying of the Argives fallen in battle. These us went to his a istance and was vic papal chair, 867. He had been married, and had a daughter by his wife Stephania, from whom he afterwards separated in order to live in celibacy. During the pontificate of Adrian, Photius, patriarch of Constantinople, withdrew from the Church of Rome, from which time the schism between the Greek and Latin churches dates, which continues to this day. Adrian D. 872, and was succeeded by John VIIIL. Adrian III., B. at Rome, succeeded Mar in us in 884, and died the following year. Adrian IV., the only English man who was ever raised to the dignity of the papal chair, succeeded An as tas i us IV. 1154. His name was Nicholas Breakespere; and for some time he filled a mean situation in the monastery of St. Albans. Being refused the habit in that house, he went to France, and became a clerk in the monastery of St. Rufus, of which he was afterwards chosen abbot. Eugenius III. created him cardinal in 1146, and in 1148 sent him legate to Denmark and Norway, which nations he converted to the Christian faith. When nominated pope, he granted to Henry II. a bull for the conquest of Ireland. In 1155 he excommunicated the king of Sicily; and about the same time, the emperor Frederic, meeting him near Sutinam, held his stirrup while he mounted his horse. A. took the emperor with him, and consecrated him king of the Romans in St. Peter's church. The next year the king of Sicily submitted, and was absolved. D., supposed of poison, 1159.-A., by his active conduct, left the papal territory in a better state than he found it. He was succeeded by Alexander III. Adrian V., a Genoese, succeeded Innocent in 1276, and died five weeks after his election. He was succeeded by John XX. thority was then spreading over Italy. D 1525, and was succeeded by Clement VII. Adrian appears to have been an honest, conscientious man, who fell upon evil times, and was unequal to the difficulties which he had to encounter. He was desirous of maintaining peace, and of stopping, if po ible, the schism of the Luther ans by reforming the church, but he did not live long enough to effect anything e ential. A'drian, in Michigan , a flourishing city, capital of Lenawee co., on a tributary of the Raisin river, 64 miles S. W. of Detroit. Pop . (1890) 9,511. Adrian, in New York, a post-village of Steuben co., 32 miles W.N.W. of Corning. Adrian, in Ohio, a post-village of Seneca co., 45 miles S.W. of Sandusky. Adrian, in Wisconsin, a township of Monroe co., 12 miles E. of Sparta. Adrian'ce, in New York , a post-village of Duche co. Adria'no, a mountain of Spain, in Biscay, over which is a very difficult road to Alba and Old Castile. It is one of the highest of the Pyrenees, and is only inhabited by a few shepherds. Adriano ple, the third city of European Turkey, on the Maritza, 135 miles from Constantinople. It is now about 5 m. in circumference, surrounded by old walls, and defended by a citadel. Its streets are narrow and irregular, but adorned with fountains and mosques, of which there are about 140. Manuf ., silk, woolen, and cotton stuffs. Rose-water and other perfumes are made, and there are both dyeing and tanning establishments. Exp ., wool, opium, leather, wax, . Pop . 70,886, of whom 30,000 are Greeks. Lat . 41° 44′ N., lon . 26° 35' E. The bazaar and the mosque of Selim are here the objects of great attraction. The former is a brick building of about 300 paces in length, and offers for sale all the rich commodities of the East; the latter is built as a theatre, from the ruins of Famagusta, in Cyprus. Its principal balcony has an ascent of 377 steps. - In the adjacent plain, Const an tine the Great defeated Licinius in 323, and in 378 the Goths overpowered Valens. - In 1360 the Sultan Moorad I. took the city from the Greeks, when it became the capital of the empire, and the favorite residence of the sultans till the 18th century. - On the 20th August, 1829, it was taken by the Ru ian general Diebitsch, which led to the treaty of peace concluded at Adrianople on the following 14th September. The stipulations of this treaty restored to the Porte those parts of Bulgaria and Roumelia which the Ru ians had conquered, besides Moldavia and Wall a chia; it also fixed the Pruth and the right bank of the Danube, from the mouth of the former river, to be the boundary-line be tween Turkey in Europe and Ru ia. The limits of the Asiatic territories of the two states were also exactly defined, and the liberty of trading to all parts of Turkish dominions conceded to Ru ians, besides the trading navigation of the Danube, the Mediterranean, and the Black sea. The free pa age of the Dardanelles was likewise guaranteed. After the capture of the Turkish army defending the Shupka Pa , in Jan., 1878, the Ru ia us occupied A. , and an armistice was concluded there. Adriatic Sea, or GULF OF VENICE, that portion of the Mediterranean sea which lies between the coasts of Italy, Illyria, and Albania. Its length from Cape Leuca to Trieste is 450 m., and its mean breadth is 90 m. The Po and the Adige are the only rivers of importance it receives, and its greatest depth is not more than 22 fathoms, whilst a great part of it is not 12 fathoms. Its navigation is generally safe in summer, but in winter the violence of the winds from the south-east causes much destruction to shipping. On the Venetian side the shores are low, but on the Dalmatian the waves, in stormy weather, lash the rocks which girdle the coast to a great height. It runs from the south-east, at lat. 40° 8, to north-west, at lat. 45° 45′. - The A. takes its name from the city of Adria; its waters are more salt than those of the ocean. Adrift', adv. [A. S. adrifan, to drive away.] Floating at random. "With all his verdure spoil'd, and trees adrift Down the great river to the opening gulf, And there take root." - Milton . ( Mar. ) A term signifying that a ve el has broken loose from her moorings, and is driven to and fro by the winds and waves. Adroga'tion, n . [Lat. adrogatio , from rogare , to ask.] The name given in ancient Rome to the adoption (see this word) of a person who was his own master. The mode of proceeding was by a bill proposed to the people in the Comitia curiata , whence the name adrogation . Adroit', a . [Fr.) Dexterous, skilful, ingenious; ready in invention or execution. Adroitly, adv . [Fr. adroitement .] In an adroit manner Adroitne , n . Dexterity; skilfulne ; readine in the use of limbs or mental faculties. Adry', a . [From a and dry .] Thirsty; in want of drink;it follows ever the noun; as, "I cannot drink when I am not adry."