BORDEAUX

town, Gironde, France (44° 50’ N., 0° 35’ W.); in midst of great wine, fruit, grain, and timber-producing country; trading center; third seaport. in France; exports wine, brandy, hides, wool, fish, fruits, sugar, coffee, oil, resins, cottons, machinery, etc. Archiepiscopal see; cathedral, fine churches; town hall, museums, theatre, library, hospital; courts of appeal and commerce; univ., various educational institutions; taken by Romans, afterwards held by Goths; pa ed to France and then to England with Eleanor of Aquitaine; French since 1453. During World War, when the Germans were threatening Paris in 1914, Bordeaux became seat of Fr. Government for some time. Pop. 261,700. inventor; born Norwich, N.Y. In 1822 he removed to Mi i ippi, where he taught school and held minor political offices. In 1829 he went to Texas, was elected delegate to the convention that sought to obtain freedom from Mexican rule and was active in the struggle that followed. After the republic of Texas was established, he was appointed by President Houston collector of the port of Galveston. ‘The need of suitable supplies for emigrants cro ing the plains led him to turn his attention to the making of concentrated food, with the result that he produced the ‘meat biscuit,’ which won for him a medal at the London World’s Fair of 1851. Later he came North and secured in 1856 a patent for condensed milk. This was the basis of the great fortune he ama ed, which was later augmented by cther proce es patented by him for the condensing of beef, fruits, tea, coffee and cocoa. BORDEN, RT. HON. SIR ROBERT LAIRD (1854), Canadian statesman, born at Grand Pré, Nova_ Scotia; admitted to Canadian bar (1878); elected member of the House of Commons for Halifax, Nova Scotia (1896); became leader of Conservative opposition on resignation of Sir Charles Tupper (1901); was defeated for Halifax (1904), but returned for Car let on, Ontario (1905), and Halifax (1908, 1911, 1917). He became premier (Oct. 1911) when Laurier government was defeated on the reciprocity question; brought forward bill (1913)—which was rejected by the senate—for Canadian contribution of three battleships to the British navy; at outbreak of the Great War he zealously supported imperial government, and was the first overseas minister to be summoned to a meeting of the British cabinet. In Oct. 1917 he formed a coalition cabinet, and after general election in Dec. retained his premiership, and enforced conscription law. () represented Canada at the Paris Peace -. Conference (1919). Illne compelled him for a time to relinquish duties of his office.