Cot to idea (kotoidea)

pl. [NL., II. n. A fish of the superfamily Cot to idea . cotton1 (kot'n), n. and a. [ kottoen , kattoen , D. katoen (> MHG. kottun , G. kattun = Sw. Dan. kattun = mod. Icel. kotun), cot on = Pr. cot on = It. cotone , formerly cotono , cot on = Pg. cotão , cotton, printed cotton cloth, Sp. algodon = Pg. algodão , cotton (> ult. E. acton , q. v.), al , the, + qutun , qutu , cotton. Cf. Gael. cotan = W.cotwm , cotton, from E.] I. n. 1. The white fibrous substance clothing the seeds of the cotton-plant ( Go ypium ). See cut under cotton -plant. It consists of simple delicate tubular hair-like cells, flattened and somewhat twisted. Its commercial value depends upon the length and tenacity of the fiber. It is the clothing material of a large proportion of the human race, its use dating back to a very early period. In commercial importance cotton exceeds all other staples. Great Britain ranks first in the consumption of the raw material, the United States being second, and then France. Cotton consists of nearly pure cellulose, and when acted upon by nitric acid yields a nitro-compound known as guncotton, which is a powerful explosive, and when di olved in ether and alcohol forms collodion. Cotton is very extensively used in the manufacture of thread, and for many purposes in the arts. In surgery it is employed for many purposes, and especially as a dre ing for burns, scalds, etc. See cotton - plant, Go ypium. Theise men ben the beste worcheres of Gold, Sylver. Co toun , Sylk, and of alle suche thinges, of ony other, that be in the World. Mandeville , Travels, p. 212. 2. Cloth made of cotton. It was originally obtained in Europe from India, always famous for the excellence and finene of its cotton fabrics, as in the Dacca muslins, and has long been in use throughout the East. In 1700 the importation into England was prohibited, and in 1721 fines were imposed upon the venders and wearers of cot ton, because it was thought to interfere with the home manufacture of woolens and linens. Modern inventions facilitating its manufacture by machinery have built up an immense industry in Europe and the United States. See cotton -gin, spinning-jenny. 3. Thread made of cotton: as, a spool of cotton cotton-plants, so as to leave them in bunches contains 200 yards. -4t. The wick of a candle. Lucignoli , weekes or cottons of candles. Florio, cotton1 (kot'n), v. [ It cotions well; it cannot choose but bear A pretty nap. Middle ton , Family of Love, iii. 2. II. trans. To envelop in cotton; hence, to coddle; make much of. [Rare.] It's amazing to think How one cottons to Drink! cotton-cleaner (kot'n-klē "nėr), n. Same as cotton- picker , 2. Turkish fabric of cotton and silk satinet. cotton-elevator (kot'n-el"ē-va-tor), n . cotton-mill, a tube through which cotton is raised to the upper floors by means of an air- blast or by straps armed with spikes. cotton-floater (kot'n-flō"tėr), n. An india-rub- ber cover in which bales of cotton are placed to be floated down rivers. cotton-gin (kot'n-jin), n. A machine used in separating the seeds from cotton fibers. The earliest cotton-gin was the saw - gin , invented by Eli Whit- ney (1765-1825) in 1792. In this the fiber rests upon or against a grid, into the openings of which project the teeth of a gang of saws mount- ed upon a revolving man- drel. The teeth of the saws catch the fibers and draw them away from the seeds. The latter, being too large to pa through the openings, roll downward and out of removed from the saws by a revolving brush, pa between rollers, and are delivered from the machine in the form of a lap. Other and similar machines have projecting needles, or hooked or covered wire teeth, instead of saws. In the roller - gin the fibers are drawn between rollers guarded by blades which prevent the pa age of the seeds. Another form has an intermittent action, the fibers being held between nipping blades and the seeds pushed clear from them, fiber and seed being delivered in different di- rections. cotton-gra (kot'n-grås), n . The popular name of plants of the genus Eriophorum , natural or- der Cyperacea. They are rush-like plants, common in swampy places, with spikes resembling tufts of cotton. The cottony substance has been used for stuffing pillows, making candle-wicks, etc. Also cotton -rush, cotton - sedge . Cotton i an (ko-to'ni-an), a. Pertaining to or founded by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (1571- 1631).- Cotton i an library, a famous library in Eng- land, founded by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton early in the seventeenth century, increased by his son and grandson, and then handed over to trustees for the benefit of the nation. It is now in the British Museum. cottonize (kot'n-iz), v . t .; pret. and pp. cotton- ized , ppr. cotton i zing . [ cot- tonize, v .] A proce applied to many fibers, as flax, hemp, etc., reducing them to a short sta- ple which can be worked on cotton-machinery. cotton-lord (kot'n-lôrd), n. A rich cotton-man- ufacturer; a magnate of the cotton industry. cotton-machine (kot'n-ma-shen"), n. A ma- chine for carding or spinning cotton. cotton-manufactory, cotton-mill (kot'n-man- ū-faktō-ri, -mil), n. A building provided with machinery for carding, roving, spinning, and weaving cotton, by the force of water or steam. cottonmouth (kot'n-mouth), n. A venomous serpent of the southern United States, a spe- cies of moccasin or Trigonocephalus : so called from a white streak along the lips. cottonocracy (kot-n-ok'ra-si), n. [ U. S. hist ., before the civil war, the cotton-planting interest in the slave States. [Cant.] cotton-opener (kot'n-ō"pn-er), n. A machine for picking, shaking, and blowing baled cotton, and forming it into a fleecy lap. cotton oust (kot'n-us), a. [ cottony . There is a Salix near Darking in Surrey, in which the He was dre ed in a suit of Attakapas cottonade . Julus bears a thick cotton ous substance. G. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 95. cottonaryt (kot'n-a-ri), a. Pertaining to or made of cotton. cotton-picker (kot'n-pik"ėr), n. 1. A machine for picking cotton from the bolls of the plant. 2. A machine used to open cotton further and clean it from dirt and other extraneous matter, after it comes from the cotton-opener. It effects this by subjecting the cotton to the action of rapidly revolving beaters and toothed cylinders, and to a blast. The cotton as it pa es out is wound into a lap. Also cotton- cleaner . name of several species of Go ypium , natural order Malvaceæ , from which the well-known tex- tile substance cotton is obtained. The genus is in- digenous to both hemispheres, and the plants are now cul- tivated all over the world within the limits of 36° north IMG:content-1408.png:[merged small][graphic][subsumed] cotton-powder (kot'n-pou"der), n. An explo- sive prepared from guncotton, of greater den- sity than the latter, and safer for dry storage. cotton-pre (kot'n-pres), n . A pre used for compre ing cotton into bales. The forms are numerous, embracing nearly all the devices for obtaining great pre ure. cotton-rat (kot'n-rat), n. A common indige- nous rodent quadruped, Sigmodon hispid us , of the family Muridæ and subfamily Murinæ , found in the cotton-fields and other lowlands of the southern United States. It superficially resem- bles the common Norway rat, but is only about two thirds as large. See Sigmodon . cotton-rush (kot'n-rush), n. Same as cotton- IMG:content-1409.png:[blocks in formation] cotton-sweep (kot'n-swēp), п. used in cultivating cotton-plants. cottontail (kot'n-tāl), n. The popular name, especially in the South, for the common rabbit of the United States, Lepus sylvatic us : so named from the conspicuous fluffy white fur on the un- der side of the tail. Also called molly cottontail . See cut on following page. cotton-thistle (kot'n-this"l), n. The popular name of Onopordon Acanthium , a stout hoary thistle found in the south of England, and natu- ralized in New England: so called from its cot- tony white stem and leaves. cotton-tree (kot'n-tre), n. 1. The Bombax Mala bar i cum , native in India. The silky hairs surrounding the seeds are used for stuffing cush- ions, etc.-2. The cottonwood of America. IMG:content-1410.jpg:[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][merged small][subsumed][subsumed] Cotton-worm ( Aletia xylina ), natural size. veloped in one of the fins at least; the dorsal fins either continuous or close together; the spinous dorsal fin, if present, always short, sometimes modified into tentacles or into a suctorial disk; the soft dorsal fin always long, if the spinous is absent, both sometimes terminating in finlets; ventral thoracic or jugular fin, if present, never modified into an adhesive apparatus; and no prominent cot-town (kot'toun), n. In Scotland, a small village or hamlet occupied by cotters depen- dent on a considerable farm. Also called cot- cottrel (kot'rel), n. Same as cotterel , 3. Cottus (kot'us), n. [NL., κόττος , a fish, perhaps the bullhead or miller's-thumb.] Age- nus of fishes with an enlarged depre ed head, typical of the family Cottid a . The name has been used in different senses at different periods. Formerly it was very comprehensive, including not only all the Cot- tidæ , but various other forms; but by succe ive restric- tions it has been limited by most authors to the sculpins and closely related marine species, and by others to the miller's-thumb, a fresh-water species. See cut under scul- IMG:content-1411.jpg:[blocks in formation] VIII cotuls in a steine [amphora] of wynes trie. Palladius , Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 102. Cotula (kot'ū-lä), n. [NL.; more prop. Cotyla ; cotyle .] A genus of weedy composites, allied to An the- mis , natives of extra-tropical South America, South Africa, and Australia. The Cotula of phar- macy is the mayweed, An them is Cotula , and is used thera- peutically like camomile. cotunnite (ko-tun'it), n. [Named after Dr. Co- tug no , an Italian physician (1736-1822).] Lead chlorid occurring in white acicular crystals, with adamantine luster, first found in the cra- ter of Vesuvius after the eruption of 1822. Coturnicops (kō-tėr'ni-kops), n . [NL. (Bona- parte, 1854), coturnix (-nic-), a quail, + Gr. ὤψ, eye, face (appearance).] A genus of small American crakes, of the family Rallida , con- taining the little yellow rail, C. noveboracensis . Coturniculus (kot-ér-nik'u-lus), n. [NL. (Bona- parte, 1838), dim. of L. coturnix, a quail.] A genus of small American finches, of the family as the yellow- winged (C. pa er in us), Henslow's (C. henslowi ), and Le Conte's (C. lecontii ), of diminutive IMG:content-1412.png:[graphic] IMG:content-1413.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1414.png:[blocks in formation] 3. In an at . , one of the distinct patches in which ered upon the surface of the chorion. the villi of a cotyledonary placenta are gath- cotyledonal (kot-i-le'don-al), a. [ cotyledon + -al.] In bot ., of or belonging to the cotyle- don; resembling a cotyledon. cotyledonar (kot-i-le don-är), a. [ cotyledon + -ar2.] Same as cotyledonal . IMG:content-1415.jpg:[blocks in formation] miniature quails, whence the generic name. coturnix (kō-tėr'niks), n . An old name of the common migratory quail of Europe; specifically, the Perdix coturnix , ge- lisonans .-2. [ cap .] [NL.) A genus of quails, nerically Coturnix communis , vulgar is , or dacty- cotyligerous (kot-i-lij'e-rus), a. [NL. cotyla , with cotyles.-2. Same as cotylophorous . a cotyle, + L. gerere, carry.] 1. Furnished cotyloid (kot'i-loid), a. and n. [ Gr. κοτύλη, α Cupped; cup-like: in an at . , specifically applied to the acetabulum or socket of the thigh-bone; acetabular: in entom . , applied to the cavity in which the coxa or basal joint of the leg is inserted. cotyle (kot'i-lē), n.; 1.; pl. cotyle or cotyles (-lē, -lez). [Gr. κοτύλη (> L. cotula , NL. cotyla ), ve el, cup, socket, any hollow.] 1. Pl. cotylæ (-lē). In Gr. antiq.: (a) A small drinking or dipping-ve el, the exact form of which is un- certain. (b) An ancient Greek unit of capacity, varying from le than half a pint to a quart, United States (old wine) measure. The Attic cotyle. being the 144th of a metretes, was, according to extant measuring-ve els, 0.269 liter. That of Egypt under the The cotyle of Ægin a was Ptolemies was about the same. Evelyn, Sylva, iii. § 17. The cottony substance seems to the eye to consist of bundles of fine fibers. W. B. Carpenter , Micros., § 591. Cotto-scombriformes (kot- ō - skom - bri - fôr ́- mēz), n. pl . [NL., Cottus , q. v., + Scomber , q. v., + L. form a , form.] In Günther's cla i- fication of fishes, the eighth division of Acan- thopterygii . The technical characters are: spines de probably 1.42 of the Attic, or 0.382 liter. The Pergamenian cotyle is said to be 12 of the Attic, or 0.462 liter. The co- tyle of Laconia, according to a standard found at Gythium, was 0.954 liter. At least half a dozen different cotylæ were probably many others throughout the Greek world. in use in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, and there were 2. In an at . and zoöl . , a cup-like cavity; an ace- cotyloidal (kot-i-loi'dal), a . Cotylophora (kot-i-lof'ō-rä), n . pl . [NL., neut. pl. of cotylophorus : see cotylophorous .] In Hux- ley's cla ification, the typical ruminants. The term is coextensive with the suborder Ruminant i a with- out the Tragulidæ and the Camelide . It is derived from the gathering of the villi of the fetal placenta into coty- ledons, which are received into persistent elevations of the mucous membrane of the uterus, IMG:content-1416.png:[merged small][graphic] IMG:content-1417.jpg:[graphic] The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary cotylophorous