Milan, Dec

15, 1815. Italian painter etc. Bo i, Count Luigi. Born at Milan, Feb. 28, 1758: died at Milan, April 10, 1835. An Italian historian, archæologist, and writer on art. Bo u, Le. See Le Bo u . Bo uet (bo-sü-a' or bo-swa'), Jacques Bénigne. Born at Dijon, France, Sept. 27, 1627: died at Paris, April 12, 1704. A French prelate and celebrated pulpit orator, historian, and theological writer. He preceptor to the Dauphin in 1670-81, and became bishop of Meaux in 1681. His chief works are "Exposition de la doctrine catholique" (1671), "Discours sur l'his to ire universelle" (1681), "His to ire des variations des églises protest antes" (1688), and funeral orations ("Or a is ons funèbres "). Bo ut (bo-sü'), Abbé. A name a umed by Sir Charles Phillips in several educational works in French. Bo ut, Charles. Born at Tarare, near Lyons, France, Aug. 11, 1730: died at Paris, Jan. 14, 1814. A noted French mathematician. His chief work is an "E ai sur l'his to ire générale des mathé matiques" (1802). Boston (bos'ton or bos'ton). [ME. Boston , contr. of * Botulfeston , 'Botolph's town,' named from AS. Botulf , Botuulf , Botulf, later mi pelled Botolph .] A seaport in Lincoln shire, England, situated on the With am in lat. 52° 58′ N., long. 0° 2' W. It was an important trading town in the middle ages. It contains the parish church of St. Botolph's, a long, low Decorated building, with a high Perpendicular tower surmounted by an octagonal lantern, locally known as "Boston Stump." The tower is 300 feet high. The light and spacious interior has very lofty arches resting on slender pillars, a small clearstory, and a fine east window. Population (1891), 14,593, Boston. [Named after Boston in Lincoln shire, England.] The capital of Ma achusetts, situated in Suffolk County, on Ma achusetts Bay, at the mouths of the Charles and Mystic, in Boston lat. 42° 21′ N., long. 71° 4' W. It is the largest city in New England, and one of the chief commercial cities and literary centers in the country. It has an extensive foreign and coasting trade, and is the terminus of many railroad lines, and of steamship lines to Liverpool, etc. The city now contains various annexed districts (Roxbury, Dor chester, Neponset, Charles town). Boston was founded by English colonists (some of them from Boston, England) under Winthrop in 1630. It was first named Tri mountain, from the three summits of Beacon Hill, and later received its present name in honor of Rev. John Cotton who had been settled in Boston in Lincoln shire. It expelled Governor Andros in 1689; was involved in the witchcraft delusion in 1692; was the scene of the "Boston ma acre" in 1770, and of the "Boston tea. party" in 1773; was besieged by the American army under Washington, 1775-76; and was evacuated by the British, March 17, 1776. It was incorporated as a city in 1822. It suffered from fires in 1676, 1679, 1711, 1760, and especially Nov. 9-11, 1872 (lo about $80,000,000). It annexed Roxbury in 1868, Dor chester 1870, and Charles town, Brighton, and West Roxbury 1874. Population (1890), 448,477. Boston. An American race-horse, foaled in 1833. His sire was Timoleon, by Sir Archy, by Diomed; his dam was by Ball's Florizel, by Diomed. He was the sire of Lexington, and as the sire of Sallie Ru ell, dam of Mi Ru ell, was the great-grandsire of Maud S. Boston, Thomas. Born at Dunse, Scotland, March 17, 1676: died at Ettrick, Scotland, May 20, 1732. A noted Scotch Presbyterian divine. He wrote "Human Nature in its Fourfold State" (1720), etc. Boston Ma acre. A collision in Boston, March 5, 1770, between the British soldiers stationed there and a crowd of citizens. It was occasioned by the prejudices excited against the soldiers, a guard of whom, provoked by words and blows, fired at the crowd, killing three and wounding five. The members of the guard were tried (defended by John Adams and Josiah Quincy) and acquitted, except two who were convicted of manslaughter and punished lightly. Boston Port Bill. A bill introduced by Lord North, and pa ed by the British Parliament, March, 1774, clos closing the port of Boston, Ma a chusetts, after June 1, 1774. Boston Tea-party, The. A concourse of American citizens at Boston, Dec. 16, 1773, designed as a demonstration against the attempted importation of tea into the colonies. A large popular a embly met at the Old South Church to protest. As their protest was ineffectual, the same evening a body of about fifty men, disguised as Mohawks, boarded the three British tea-ships in the harbor, and threw 342 chests of tea (valued at £18,000) into the water. Boston University. An institution of learning, situated at Boston, Ma ., chartered in 1869. It comprises departments of the liberal arts (founded 1873), music (1872), theology 181871), law (1872), Boswell (boz'wel), James. Born at Edinburgh, Oct. 29, 1740: died at London, May 19, 1795. The biographer of Dr. Johnson. medicine school of all sciences (1874). He was the son of Alexander Boswell, a judge of the Scottish Court of Se ion; was admitted to the Scottish bar in 1766, and to the English bar in 1786; was appointed to the recordership of Car lisle in 1788; and removed to London in 1789. In 1766, while traveling on the Continent, he paid a visit to Corsica, where he was entertained by Paoli. The fruit of this visit appeared in 1768 in the form of a volume entitled "An Account of Corsica: the Journal of a Tour to that Island; and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli." In 1763 he made the acquaintance at London of Dr. Johnson whom he accompanied on a journey to the He brides in 1773. After the death of Johnson he published in 1786 an account of this journey under the title "The Journal of a Tour to the He brides with Samuel Johnson, LL. D.," which was followed in 1791 by his famous "Life of Samuel Johnson." Bosworth (boz'werth), or Market Bosworth. [ME. Bosworth , AS. prob. * Bos an worth (found as Bosworth in a spurious Latin charter, A. D. 833), from Bosan , gen. of Bosa , a man's name (cf. AS. Bosanham, now Bosham ), and worth , farmstead.] A market town in Leicestershire, England, 12 miles west of Leicester. At Bosworth Field, Aug. 22, 1485, Richard III. was defeated and slain by the forces of the Earl of Richmond, who became Henry VII. Bosworth (boz'werth), Joseph. Born in Derby shire, England, 1789: died May 27, 1876. An English philologist, appointed Rawlinson profe or of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford in 1858. His chief work is a "Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language," published in 1838. In 1848 he published an abridgment of it ("A Compendious Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon"). The larger work was edited after its author's death by Profe or Toller (Part I., 1882; not completed in 1893). Botany Bay (bot'a-ni bā). An inlet on the eastern coast of New South Wales, Australia, 5 miles south of Sydney. It was first visited by peak in 1770, and was named by the naturalists of his and, Cook ex1787-88, but was transferred to Port Jackson. Botein (bō-te-in'). [Ar. el - bat in , signifying 'the little belly, as forming with the starp the second chamber of the Lunar Mansions.) A name given to the two stars d and & Arietis. Botetourt (bot'e-tört), Norborne Berkeley, Baron. Born in England about 1734 (?): died at Williams burg, Va., Oct. 15, 1770. An Eng lish politician, governor of Virginia 1768-70. He di olved the House of Burge es in 1769 for pa ing resolutions condemning parliamentary taxation and the trial of Americans in England. He attempted to influence the home government to abandon the principle of parliamentary taxation, failing in which, he resigned. Bothnia (both'ni-ä). A former province of Sweden, east and west of the Gulf of Bothnia. Bothnia, Gulf of. The northern extension or arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland on the east and Sweden on the west. Length, 400 miles. Breadth, about 100 miles. Both well (both'wel). A village in Lan arks hire, Scotland, 84 miles southeast of Glasgow. Both well Castle is in the vicinity. Both well. A tragedy on the subject of Mary Queen of Scots, by Swinburne, published in 1874. Both well, Earls of. See Hepburn . Both well Bridge, Battle of. A battle fought near Both well, Scotland, in which the Scotch Covenanters were defeated by the Royalist forces under the Duke of Mon mouth, June 22, 1679. Boufarik Bottom (bot'um), Nick. An A then i an weaver, in Shakspere's "Midsummer Night's Dream," who plays the part of Pyramus in the interpolated play. He is gifted by Puck with an a 's head, and the dainty Titania is obliged by magic spell for a time to love him. Bottom the Weaver, The Merry Conceited Humours of. A farce made from the comic scenes of "Midsummer Night's Dream," published in 1672, attributed to Robert Cox, a comedian of the time of Charles I. Botts (bots), John Minor. Born at Dumfries, Va., Sept. 16, 1802: died in Culpeper County, Va., Jan. 7, 1869. An American politician, member of Congre 1839-43, 1847-49. He wrote "The Great Rebellion, its Secret History" (1866), etc. Boturini Benaduci (bō-tö-rē'nē bā-nä-döʻchē), Lorenzo. Born at Milan about 1680: died at Madrid, 1740. A noted antiquarian. In 1735 he went to Mexico. During eight years he traveled and lived among the Indians, and ama ed many hundred specimens of their hieroglyphic records, as well as manuscripts in Spanish of great value. Some of the manuscripts still exist; but the greater part perished through neglect at Mexico. coast. A few you sand remain, principally in Espirito Santo and Bahia. They are very degraded savages, having little intercourse with the whites. They are apparently a very ancient race, and skulls found in caves with the remains of extinct animals have been ascribed to them. Botolph (bo-tolf'), or Botolphus, Saint. An English monk. According to Anglo-Saxon chronicles he founded a monastery in 654 at Ikanho in Lincoln shire, now called Boston (Botolphstown). He instituted the rule of St. Benedict there. His death was commemorated June 17. Botoshan (bo-to-shän'), or Botushani (bo-töshä'ne). A city in northern Moldavia, Rumania, 60 miles northwest of Ja y. Popula His works include "Storia tion, 31,024. Botta (bot'tä), Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo. Born at San Giorgio del Canavese, Piedmont, Italy, Nov. 6, 1766: died at Paris, Aug. 10, 1837. An Italian historian. d'Italia dal 1789 al 1814" (1824), "Storia d'Italia continuata da quell a del Guicciardini, etc." (1832), "Storia dell a guerra dell' independenza degli Stati Uniti d'America" (1809). Botta, Paul Emile. Born at Turin, Dec. 6, 1802: died at Achères, near Poi y, France, March 29, 1870. A French archæologist and traveler, son of Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta: noted for discoveries in As syria. Bottari (bot-tä'rē), Giovanni Gaetano. Born at Florence, Jan. 15, 1689: died at Rome, June 3, 1775. An Italian prelate and archæologist. Bottes in i (bot-te-zēnē), Giovanni. Born at Crema, Lombardy, Dec. 24, 1822. A celebrated player on the double ba , conductor, and composer. Böttger (bet'cher), Adolf. Born at Leipsic, May 21, 1815: died at Gohlis, near Leipsie, Nov. 16, 1870. A German poet. He translated poems of Byron, Goldsmith, Pope, Milton, etc.; and wrote "Habaña" (1853), "Der Fall von Babylon" (1855), "Till Eulenspiegel" (1850), etc. Böttger, or Böttcher, or Böttiger, Johann Fried rich. Born at Schleiz, Reu , Germany, Feb. 4, 1682: died at Dresden, March 13, 1719. A German alchemist, noted as the discoverer of Saxon porcelain. Bott i cell i (bot-te-chel'lē), Sandro (originally A le andro Filipepi). Born at Florence, 1447: died there, May 17, 1515 (1510). An Italian painter. He was a pupil of Filippo Lippi, and was influenced by Antonio Pollajuolo and Castagno. Among his earliest works are the "Fortitude"and the series of circular pictures in the Uffizi at Florence, and Madonnas in the Uffizi and at London. In 1478 he painted for the Villa di Castello the "Allegory of Spring" (now in the Academy of Florence), and the "Birth of Venus" in the Uffizi. Among his notable pictures is a reconstruction of the "Calumny of Apelles from the description of Lucian. For Pier Francesco de' Medici he made a series of illustrations to the "Divina Con media" of Dante, 84 of which are now in the Museum of Berlin and 8 in the Vatican. In 1482 he was invited by Pope Sixtus IV. to a ist in the decoration of the Sistine Chapel. He was one of the followers of Savonarola. Böttiger (bet'te-ger), Karl August. Born at Reichenbach, Saxony, June 8, 1760: died at Dresden, Nov. 17, 1835. A German archeologist, director of the gymnasium at Weimar 1791-1804. After 1804 he lived in Dresden. He wrote "Sabina oder Morgenscenen im Putzzimmer einer reichen Römerin" (1803), "Griechische Vasengemälde" (1797 1800), etc. Böttiger, Karl Vilhelm. Born at Westerås, Sweden, May 15, 1807: died at Upsala, Sweden, Dec. 22, 1878. A Swedish poet. His collected writings were published in 1856.