Night," v

1. Ehatisaht (a-hä'ti-sät), or Ayhuttisaht (ahöt'i-sät). A tribe of North American Indians, living about Esperanza Inlet, west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. They numbered 143 in 1884. See Aht . Ehingen (a'ing-en). A town in Würtemberg, on the Danube 15 miles southwest of Ulm. Ehrenberg (a'ren-berg), Christian Gottfried. Born at Delitzsch, Pru ia, April 19, 1795: died at Berlin, June 27, 1876. A German naturalist, especially noted for his studies of Infusoria . He wrote "Die Infusions tier chen als vollkommene Or ganismen" (1838), "Mikro-Geologie" (1854). Ehrenbreitstein (a-ren-brit's tin). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Rhine opposite Coblenz. It is noted for its for tre , situated on an almost inacce ible rock 385 feet above the river. It was taken by the French in 1631, by the Imperialists in 1637, and by the French in 1799. Population (1890), 5,278. Ehrenfeld (a'ren-feld). A manufacturing suburb of Cologne. Population (1890), 21,745. Eibenstock (i'ben-stok). A town in the kingdom of Saxony, in the Erzgebirge in lat. 50° 29′ N., long. 12° 36′ E. It is noted for its tambour embroidery. Population (1890), 7,166. Eichberg (ik'berg), Julius. Born at Dü eldorf in 1824: died at Boston, Jan. 19, 1893. A German-American composer. He was profe or in the Conservatoire at Geneva. In 1857 he went to New York, and in 1859 to Boston, where he was director of orchestra at the Boston Museum for seven years. In 1867 he established the Boston Conservatory of Music, of which he remained the head until his death. He composed, among other works, four operettas: "The Doctor of Alcantara, "The Rose of Tyrol," "The Two Cadis," and "A Night in Rome." Eichendorff (i'chen-dorf), Joseph von. Born at Lubowitz (his father's estate), near Ratibor, in Silesia, March 10, 1788: died at Nei e, Nov. 26, 1857. A German poet and author. In 18131815 he served in the War of Liberation, first as a volun. teer and later as an officer, and after the war was government counselor at Dantzic and Königsberg. In 1831 he went to Berlin. He wrote "Ahnung und Gegenwart" ("Presage and Presence," 1815), the dramatized fairy tale Krieg den Phil is tern" ("War on the Philistines," 1824), the novel "Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts" ("From the Life of a Good-for-Nothing," 1826). A first collection of poems appeared in 1837. His complete poetical works, "Sämmtliche poetische Werke," were i ued at Berlin in 1842, in 4 volumes; "Vermischte Schriften" ("Miscellaneous Writings") at Paderborn, 1866, in 5 volumes. Eichhorn (ich'hôrn), Johann Gottfried. Born at Dörrenzimmern, in Hohenlohe-Öhringen, Germany, Oct. 16, 1752: died at Göttingen, June 27,1827. A German scholar, historian, and biblical critic, profe or at Göttingen from 1788. Among his critical works are "Einleitung in das Alte Testament" (1780-83), "Einleitung in das Neue Testament" (1804-14). Eichhorn, Karl Fried rich. Born at Jena, Germany, Nov. 20, 1781: died at Cologne, July 4, 1854. A German jurist, son of J. G. Eichhorn. His chief work is "Deutsche Staats-und Rechtsgeschichte" (1808-23). originally Eistet. A town in Middle Franc on i a, Bavaria, situated on the Altmühl 38 miles south of Nuremberg. It has a cathedral and Walpurgis church. It was formerly an independent bishopric, secularized in 1802. Population (1890), 7,546. Eichwald (ich' väld), Karl Eduard. Born at Mitau, Ru ia, July 4 (O. S.), 1795: died at St. Petersburg, Nov. 10, 1876. Á Ru ian naturalist, author of "Zoologia special is” (1829-31), "Die Urwelt Ru lands" (1840-47), etc. Eider (i'der). A river in Schleswig-Holstein, Pru ia, which flows into the North Sea about 25 miles north of the mouth of the Elbe. Length, 115 miles. Elagabalus tion into a daughter of Charles the Great. He wrote a life of Charles the Great ("Vita Caroli Magni"). Einsiedeln (in'zē-deln). [G., equiv. to L. soli tarium , a hermitage: according to the legends, St. Meinrad (9th century) lived here as a hermit.] A town in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, 22 miles east-northeast of Lucerne. It is one of the most celebrated of pilgrim resorts. The monastery ( monasterium eremitarum ) was founded in the 9th century, and in 1294 received the standing of a principality from the emperor Rudolph. The buildings of the monastery have suffered many rebuild ings, the last early in the 18th century; and, though of great extent, the architecture is in an uninteresting Italian style. The large church has two slender towers; its interior is tawdry with gilding and ornament in questionable taste. In its portraits, library, and material resources, the venerable monastery is still rich. Population (1888), 8,506. Eifel (i'fel), The. A volcanic mountain and pic- turesque region in western Germany, between the valleys of the Rhine, Moselle, and Roer. It is divided into the Schnee-Eifel and the Vorder- Eifel. Height of the Hohe Acht, 2,490 feet. Eiffel (i'fel; F. a-fel'), Alexandre Gustave. Born at Dijon, Dec. 15, 1832. A noted French long. 10° 19′ E. It is the birthplace of J. S. Bach, engineer. His best-known work is the Eiffel Tower (which see). Eiffel Tower. A tower, 984 feet high, built of iron framework, in the Champ-de-Mars, Paris, for the exhibition of 1889. The general form is that of a concave pyramid. The base consists of 4 inclined piers set at the angles of a square of 336 feet. The piers are connected on the sides of the square by huge arches. After rising about 600 feet, the 4 piers are merged into one. There are 3 platforms at different heights: the top one, over 900 feet from the ground, is surrounded by a balcony and covered with a gla pavilion 54 feet square. Above this rises the lantern, which is fitted for scientific observations. Eiger (i'ger). One of the highest mountains of the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, northeast of the Jungfrau. Height, 13,042 feet. Eigg (eg), or Egg (eg). One of the He brides islands, belonging to Inverne -shire, Scotland, south of Skye and southeast of Rum. Length, 6 miles. Eighteen Hundred and Seven, or Fried land. A large painting by Mei onier (1876), now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. in a grain-field before Napoleon, who sits on a white horse It represents a regiment of cuira iers pa ing at a gallop at the left, attended by his marshals and staff. Eikon Basilike (i'kon ba-sil'i-kē). [Gr., 'royal likene .'] A book describing the sufferings of Charles I. of England, published in 1649. It is usually attributed to Bishop Gauden. Eikonoclastes (i-kon-ō-klas'tēz). ['The Iconoclast.'] A pamphlet written by Milton in answer to Gauden's "Eikon Basilike." Eildon Hills (el'don hilz). Three peaks in Roxburghshire, Scotland, near Melrose, famous in Scottish legend. Height, 1,385 feet. Eileithyia, ia, or Hebent. In ancient geography, a town in Egypt, on the Nile between Edfu and Esneh, on the site of the modern El-Kab: one of the oldest of Egyptian towns. It is now noted for its rock-tombs and -temples. Eilenburg (i'len-börg). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated mainly on an island in the Mulde, 14 miles northeast of Leipsic. It contains an ancient castle (Ilburg), a frontier for tre against the Wends. Population (1890), 12,447. Eimeo (i'me-ō), or Aimeo, or Morea. One of the Society Islands, belonging to France (since 1880), situated in the Pacific Ocean in lat. 17° 30′ S., long. 150° 10' W. Population, about 1,500. Eirene. See Irene. Eisenach (i'ze-näch). A town in Saxe-Weimar- Eisenach, Germany, situated at the junction of the Ne e and Hörsel in lat. 50° 58′ N., a ociated with the early days of Luther. Near it is the Wartburg. It was formerly the capital of SaxeEisenach. Population (1890), 21,399. Eisenberg (i'zen-berg). A town in the duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, tenburg, Germany, Germany, situated 33 miles southwest of Leipsic. Population (1890), 7,349. Eisenerz (i'zen-ertz). A town in Styria, Austria-Hungary, 20 miles northwest of Bruck, famous for its iron-mountain. Population (1890), commune, 5,740. Eisenlohr (i'zen-lor), August. Born at Mannheim, Baden, Oct. 6, 1832: died at Heidelberg, Feb. 24, 1902. A German Egypt ologist, profe or of Egypt ology at Heidelberg. He published "Der gro e Papyrus Harris" (1872), etc. Eisenlohr, Wilhelm. Born at Pforzheim, Baden, Jan. 1, 1799: died at Karlsruhe, Baden, July 10, 1872. A German physicist, profe or of physics in the Polytechnic Institute at Karlsruhe 1840-65. His chief work is "Lehr buch der Physik" (1836). Eisenstadt (i'zen-stät), Hung. Kis-Marton. A town in the county of Ödenburg, Hungary, 25 miles south of Vienna. It contains the castle of Prince Esterhazy. Population (1890), 2,972. Eisfeld (is'feld). A town in Saxe-Me in in gen, Germany, on the Werra 23 miles east-southeast of Me in in gen. Eisleben (is'lā-ben). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, 39 miles west-northwest of Leipsic. It is the center of a copper and silver-mining region. It was the birthplace of Luther and the place of Eisteddfod (I-steTH'vōd). [Welsh, 'a sitting of learned men.'] An annual musical and literary festival and competition which originated in the triennial a embly of Welsh bards: the latter dates back to an early period. An Eisteddfod is mentioned as having been held in the 7th century. They are now held every year at various places in Wales. Concerts and competitions prizes are still held; death. Population (1890), 23,465. ex. cept that they tense for andre ele butient forms, they are no longer strictly national. Grove. Either side (ē'Thėr-sid or i'Thér-sid), Sir Paul. In Ben Jonson's comedy "The Devil is an A ," a hard, unfeeling justice and superstitious wise IMG:content-0456.png:[blocks in formation] Einbeck (in'bek), or Eimbeck (im'bek). A Ekaterinodar. See Yekaterinodar . town in the province of Hannover, Pru ia, Ekaterinograd. See Yekaterinograd . situated 37 miles south of Hannover. It was Ekaterinoslaff. See Yekaterinoslaff . founded by pilgrims to a chapel at Münster which con. Ekhmim. See Akhmim . tained notable relics (blood of Christ). It was formerly Ekkehard (ek'ke-härt). famous for its Eimbecker beer (from which the name beer is derived). Population (1890), 7,676. Ein feste Burg (in fes'te börG). [G., 'a strong fortre .'] The first words of a hymn by Martin Luther ("Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott"), a version of Psalm xlvi. The hymn was probably written in 1527. The tune seems to have appeared in Köphl's "Psalmen und geistliche Lieder," probably in 1538. The form now used is by Sebastian Bach, given in various cantatas, and differing slightly from Luther's original. The words have also been modernized. Einhard (in härd), incorrectly Eginhard. Born in Austrasia about 770: died at Seligenstadt on the Main, Germany, March 14, 840 (?). A Frankish scholar and biographer of Charles the Great. He was of noble birth, and was educated at the monastery of Fulda. He removed not later than 796 to the court of Charles the Great, by whom he was appointed minister of public works, and was sent in 806 as imperial legate to Rome. He was retained in office by Louis le Débonnaire, to whose son Lothaire he became tutor in 817. He retired in 830 to Mulinheim (which he named Seligenstadt), where he erected a monastery. He was married to Imma who was the sister of Bernhard, art). A historical novel by Scheffel, published in 1857. The scene is laid in the 10th century. Ekron (ek'ron). [Hebe, 'uprooting."] One of the five chief cities of the Philistines, situated 12 miles northeast of Ashdod: the modern Akir. It contained an oracle. "According to the A yrian inscriptions, when most of the towns in Palestine revolted on the death of Sargon, Padi, king of Ekron, remained faithful. His subjects, however, rebelled and handed him over to King Hezekiah, at Jerusalem, who retained him a prisoner until he was released and reseated on the throne by Sennacherib." Smith , Dict. of the Bible. Elagabalus (e-la-gab'a-lus), or Helio gab alus (heli-o-gab'a-lus) (originally Varius Avitus Ba i an us). Born at Emesa, Syria, 205 A. D.: died 222. Emperor of Rome. He was the son of Sextus Varius Mar cell us and Julia Soæmias, and first cou. sin of Car a call a. He became while very young a priest in the temple of the sun-god Elagabalus at Emesa. Being put forward as the son of Car a call a, he was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers in 218, in opposition to Macrinus who was defeated on the borders of Syria and Phenic i a in the same year. He gave himself up to the most infamous debauchery, and abandoned the government to his mother IMG:content-0457.png:[blocks in formation] Elba (el'bä). [Gr. Αιθάλεια, Αἰθάλη, Γ. ΙΠva, Ilua .] An island belonging to the province of Leghorn, Italy, situated in the Mediterranean, east of Corsica, and about 5 miles from Tuscany. Its surface is generally mountainous. It produces iron and other minerals, wine, and fruit. The chief town is Porto Ferrajo. Elba was granted as a residence and do- Elbeuf (el-bef'). A town in the department of Seine-Inférieure, France, on the Seine 13 miles south-southwest of Rouen. It has im- portant cloth manufactures. Population (1891), commune, 21,404. Elbing (el'bing). A town in the province of West Pru ia, situated on the Elbing, near the Frisches Haff, 34 miles southeast of Dantzic. It is a manufacturing and trading center. It was a colony from Lübeck. Population (1890), 41,495. Elbingerode (el'bing-e-rō-de). A mining town in the province of Hannover, Pru ia, situated in the Harz 15 miles southwest of Halberstadt. Population (1890), 2,936. Elbow (el'bō). In Shakspere's "Measure for Measure," a constable, an inferior Dogberry. Elbruz (el-bröz'), or Elburz (el-börz'). A range of mountains in northern Persia, connected with the Caucasus and mountains of Armenia on the west, and with the Paropamisan Moun- Elective Affinities. See Wahlverwandschaften . history, a board of commi ioners created by act of Congre (approved Jan. 29, 1877) for the purpose of deciding disputed cases in the presidential election of 1876. Its members were justices of the United States Supreme Court Nathan Clifford (president of the commi ion), S. J. Miller, S. J. Field, W. Strong, and J. P. Bradley; senators G. F. Edmunds, O. P. Morton, F. T. Frelinghuysen, T. F. Bay- ard, and A. G. Thurman (replaced later by Kernan); and representatives H. B. Payne, E. Hunton, J. G. Abbott, tains on the east. Highest summit, Mount Electoral Commi ion, The. In United States Demavend (which see). Elbruz, or Elburz. The highest mountain of the Caucasus, situated in lat. 43° 21′ N., long. 42° 25′ E. Height, 18,526 feet. El Caney (el kä'nā). A town of Cuba, situ- ated about 3 miles northeast of Santiago. A battle occurred here July 1, 1898, between the Spanish and the United States troops, in which the latter were victorious. Elcano, Juan Sebastian de. See Cano , Juan Sebastian del . El Capitan (el käp-i-tän'). [Sp., 'the captain.'] One of the most noted heights surrounding the Yosemite Valley. It rises 3,300 feet above the valley. Elcesaites (el-sēʻsa-īts), or Elkesaites (el-kē'- sa-īts). A party or sect among the Jewish Chris- tians of the 2d century. They derived their name from Elkasai or Elxai, either their founder or leader, or the title of the book containing their doctrines, which they regarded as a special revelation. Their belief and practices were a mixture of Gnosticism and Judaism, with much that was peculiar. They were finally con- founded with the Ebionites. Elche (el'che). A town in the province of Ali- cante, Spain, in lat. 38° 14′ N., long. 0°42′ W., noted for the cultivation of date-palms: the ancient Ilici. Population (1887), 23,854. Elchingen (el'ching-en). A village in Bavaria, situated near the Danube 7 miles northeast of Ulm. Here, Oct. 14, 1805, the Austrians were defeated by Ney (created afterward duc d'Elchingen). The battle was followed by the capitulation of Ulm. Eldon, Earl of. See Scott . El Dorado (el dō-rä'do). [Sp., 'the gilded.'] The reputed king or chief of a fabulous city of great wealth (Manoa) which, during the 15th century, was supposed to exist somewhere in the northern part of South America. According to the story, the chief was periodically smeared with oil or balsam, and then covered with gold-dust until his whole body had a gilded appearance. Beginning about 1532, great numbers of expeditions were made by the Spaniards in search of this phantom: the explorers suf fered terrible hardships, and hundreds died. The con- quest and settlement of New Granada resulted from the quest; the mountain regions of Venezuela, the Orinoco and Amazon, and the great forests east of the Andes, were made known to the world; and later in the 16th century the English, led or sent by Sir Walter Raleigh, penetrated into Guiana, obtaining a claim on that country which re- sulted in their modern colony. It has been supposed that the story of El Dorado arose from a yearly ceremony of an Indian tribe near Bogotá. The chief, it is said, was smeared with balsam and gold-dust, after which he threw gold, emeralds, etc., into a sacred lake and then bathed there. But this ceremony was never witne ed by the Spaniards, and the story may be simply another version of name El Dorado has been transferred to the city or country which was the object of the quest. Eldsib (el-dzib'). [Ar. el dib (Ulugh Beigh), the wolf or jackal.] The third-magnitude star ( Drac on is: a name rarely used. Eldsich (el-dzik'). [Ar. el dij (Ulugh Beigh), the hyena.] A rarely used name for the third- magnitude star i Drac on is. G. F. Hoar, and J. A. Garfield. It was in se ion Feb. 1- March 2, 1877; and its decisions resulted in the seating of Rutherford B. Hayes, the Republican candidate. The electoral votes in dispute were those of Louisiana, South Carolina, Florida, and Oregon. The members of the com- mi ion voted on party lines (8 Republicans and 7 Demo- crats). Electoral Rhine Circle. See Lower Rhine Circle. Electra (ē-lekträ). [Gr. Ηλέκτρα .] 1. In Greek legend, the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and sister of Orestes. The events of her life have been dramatized by Æschylus, by Soplio- cles in his "Electra," by Euripi des in his "Electra," and by various modern poets. See Orestes. Eleonora (el-ē-ō-nō'rä). The daughter of Geof- froy, third son of Henry II. of England. Geoffroy was duke of Britt any through his wife Con stance, the daughter and heire of Duke Conan IV. Hence Eleonora was called "The Damsel of Britt any." Eleonora. A poem written by Dryden, in 1692, in memory of the Counte of Abingdon. Eleonora of Este. Born June 19, 1537: died Feb. 10, 1581. An Italian prince , a friend of Ta o. Elephant a (el-e-fan'tä) Island, Hind. Ghara- puri. A small island in Bombay harbor, 6 miles east of Bombay, famous for its caves with Hindu sculptures. Elephantine (el-ē-fan-ti'nē). [Gr. 'Ελεφαντίνη νῆσος.] In ancient geography, an island in the Nile, opposite Syene (A uan), in lat. 24° 7′ Ν.: the modern Gezeeret-A uan. From it came kings of the 5th dynasty. (See Egypt .) It contains monuments of Thothmes III. and Amenhotep III., and a Nilometer of Ptolemaic date. Eleusis (e-lū'sis). [Gr. ' Ελευσίς .] A deme of Attica, Greece, the seat of very ancient cult Eleanor (el'a-nor), or Aliénor, of Aquitaine. of Demeter, and of the famous Eleusinian [It. Eleonora, G. Eleonore, F. Aliénor . See Helen.] Born 1122 (?): died at Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, France, April 1, 1204. Heir- e of the duchy of Guienne. She married Louis VII. of France in 1137, was divorced in 1152, and married Henry II. of England in 1152. She was imprisoned by him 1173-89. ways to the sacred inclosure. The le er propylæa constituted a comparatively simple structure, with three doorways separated by antre, before which stood ornate col. umns. The greater were a reproduction, by Appius Claudius Pulcher in 48 B. C., of the famous propylæa of the A then i an 4, 1822. A Spanish general. In 1805, having attained the grade of colonel, he was sent to the Rio de la Eleusis Acropolis. The temple (sekos) of the mysteries of Demeter and Kora was rebuilt in the 5th century B. C. and altered later. It measured within 178 by 170 feet, and was sur rounded along the walls by 8 tiers of step-seats for spec. tators of the ceremonies. In every side except the northeast there were two doors. Along the southeast side was carried the great Doric portico of Philon, of 12 by 2 col umns. Eleusis, Bas-relief of. A work of high artistic importance in the National Museum, Athens. It represents Demeter, Kora, and Trip tole mus, and is most delicate in execution and expre ion. It dates from the early 5th century B. C. Eleuthera (e-lū'the-rä). An island of the Bahamas, east of the Andros group. Eleutheropolis (e-lu-the-rop'ō-lis), or Bethogabris (beth-0-gab'ris). [Gr. 'Ελευθεροπόλις, free city.] In ancient geography, a town in Palestine, 22 miles southwest of Jerusalem: the modern Beit-Jibrin. Eleutherus (e-lū'the-rus). Bishop of Rome 174-176: an opponent of the Mon tanists. words by by Bartholomew, produced at the Birmingham festival, Aug. 29, 29, 1855. Elia (e'li-ä). The pseudonym of Charles Lamb in his e ays contributed to the "London Magazine," commencing in 1820. They were collected as "E ays of Elia" in 1823, and "Last E ays of Elia" in 1833. The name was that of a clerk in the South Sea House, which Lamb remembered having heard there as a boy, and was at first used as a jest at the end of "Recollections of South Sea House," the first of his e ays. The Bridget and James Elia of the e ays are Mary and John Lamb, the brother and sister of the author. Eliab (ē-li'ab). [Heb., 'my God is father.'] The name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament, including David's eldest brother. Eliab. In Dryden and Tate's "Absalom and Achitophel," Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. Eliakim (ē-li'a-kim). [Heb.,‘God establishes.'] In the Old Testament, the name of several persons, of whom the most notable is the son of Hilkiah and master of Hezekiah's household. feated Demetrius.