Government of the Tongue

Loyalty died away into servility. Macaulay, Hallam's Const. Hist. The servility and heart-burnings of repining poverty. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 161. A desire to conform to middle-cla prejudices may produce quite as real a servility as the patronage of aristocracies or of courts. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., iii. serving (serving), n. [Verbal n. of servel , v.] 1. Same as service1 , 1.-2. Naut . , same as ser vice1, 17. The core travels through another set of machines, which first wrap it with a thick serving of tarred jute. Scribner's Mag., VIII. 403. serving-board (serving-bord), n. Naut ., a piece of hard wood fitted with a handle, used for serving spun-yarn on small ropes. The second mate has charge of the boatswain's locker, which includes serving - boards , marline-spikes, etc. R. H. Dana, Jr. , Before the Mast, p. 12. serving-maid (sėr'ving-mād), n. A female ser serving-mallet (serving-malet), n. Naut., a semicylindrical piece of wood, fitted with a handle, and having a groove on one side to fit vant. b a a , serving-mallet; b, "wormed" rope "parceled" with canvas; c , serving-yarn. the convexity of a rope. It is used for convenience in serving ropes, or wrapping them round with spun-yarn, etc., to prevent chafing. serving-man (serving-man), n. 1. A male servant; a menial. If ye will be a Seruingman , With attend a unce doe begin. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 82, IMG:content-0699.png:[blocks in formation] Sheila.. devoted all her time to waiting upon her two guests, until Lavender could scarcely eat, through W. Black , A Prince of Thule, v. 3. Compulsory service or labor, such as a crim- inal has to undergo as a punishment: as, penal servitude . See penal . servitor (ser'vi-tor), n. [Early mod. E. also servitour; servitour , servytour , ser- ritour , serviteur , serviteur = Pr. Sp. Pg. ser- vid or = It. servidore , servitore , servitor , one who serves, servire , serve: see servel .] One who serves or attends; a subordinate; a fol- lower; an adherent. "No 'maister,' sire," quod he, "but servitour. " Chaucer , Summoner's Tale, 1. 485. Come, I have heard that fearful commenting Is leaden servitor to dull delay. Shak., Rich. III., iv. 3. 52. His words (by what I can expre e) like so many nimble and airy servitors trip about him at command. Milton , Apology for Smectymnuus. Specifically-(a) A male domestic servant; a menial. Se that ye haue seruytours semely the disches for to Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 163. There sat the lifelong creature of the house, Loyal, the dumb old servitor . was what was a by servitude man" - i. e., a convict whose sentence of transportation had expired. Nineteenth Century , XXVI. 765. 4. Service rendered in duty performed in the army or navy. Compare service1 , 6. [Specific Anglo-Indian use.] -5. A state of spiritual, moral, or mental bondage or subjection; com- pulsion; subordination. In greet lordshipe, if I wel avyse, Ther is greet servitute in sondry wyse: I may nat don as euery plowman may. should be in love with splendid student certainly they must be much beholding to their own fancy that they can be pleased at it. 6t. Servants collectively. Of herds and flocks, and numerous servitude . Milton , P. L., xii. 132. 7. In law , the burden of an easement; the con- dition of a tenement which is subject to some right of enjoyment by another than the owner of the tenement, in virtue of his ownership of another tenement. (See easement .) In Roman law, a right to use or deal with, in a given and definite man- ner, a thing belonging to another. As to real estate, it is nearly equivalent or correlative to the easement of the common law, except that it also embraces rights to take the fruits of the servient estate, which in English law are not called easements , but profits à prendre . - Affirmative servitude. See negative servitude , below. -Discontinu- ous servitude, in law , an easement which consists in the right to perform a series of distinct acts, as a right of way or of common, or the servitude answering thereto, such as cannot be enjoyed but by the intervention of man: dis- tinguished from a continuous servitude , which consists in a constant servitude, or in the reservation of some char- act eristic of the servient tenement, as a right of view or a right to a watercourse. - Negative servitude, a servi- tude or easement which consists in the right merely to With a constant Perseverance of my hearty desires to serve your Lordship, I rest, my Lord, Your most humble Servitor . Howell , Letters, I. vi. 23. servitorship (ser'vi-tor-ship), n. [ servitor + -ship.] The position of a servitor. See servi- tor (c). Jeroboam and all Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying... Ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us. 2 Chron. x. 4. You would have sold your king to slaughter, His princes and his peers to servitude . ment, as distinguished from one which entitles one to do an act which without the existence of the easement would be a positive wrong to the owner of that tenement. Thus, the right to receive light and air by windows over the land of another is a negative servitude, whereas the right to discharge water upon the land of another is an affirm a- tive servitude.-Personal servitude, a right constituted over a subject in favor of a person, without reference constituted over one subject or tenement enjoyed by the owner of another subject or tenement. Predial servi- tudes are either rural or urban , according as they affect land or houses. The usual rural servitudes are pa age or road, or the right which a person has to pa over another's land; pasture, or the right to send cattle to graze on another's land; fail and divot, or the right to cut turf and peats on another's land; aqueduct, or the right to have a stream of water conveyed through ano- ther's land; thirlage, or the right to have other people's corn sent to one's own mill to be ground. Urban servi- tudes consist chiefly in the right to use a party-wall, or a common drain, or to have the rain from one's roof drop on another's land or house; the right to prevent an- other from building so as to obstruct the windows of one's house; the right of the owner of a flat above to have his flat supported by the flat beneath, etc. =Syn. 1. Serfdom, thraldom, va alage, peonage.-1 and 3. Servitude , Slavery , Bondage. These words expre involuntary subjection, and are in the order of strength. Servitude is the general word, its application to voluntary service being obsolete. Slavery emphasizes the completene and the degradation of the state. Bondage , literally the state of being bound, is used chiefly in elevated style or figurative senses: as, bondage to appetite; Egyptian bondage . Servitude is the only one of these words that applies to compulsory and unpaid service required as a legal penalty; the phrase pе- nal servitude is very common. See serf and captivity . servituret (sèr' vi-tūr), n. [ ML.servitura , ser- vice, L. servire , serve: see servel .] 1. The condition of servant or slave; slavery. [Rare.] A very serviture of Egypt is to be in danger of these pa- pistic bishops. Bp. Bale , Select Works, p. 179. 2. Servants collectively; the whole body of servants in a family. [Rare.] The chorus of shepherds prepare resistance in their mas- ter's defence, calling the rest of the serviture. 3. Same as servitor (c). [Erroneous use.] Trim 's a Critick; I remember him a Serviture at Oxon. Steele, Grief A-la-Mode, ii. 1. servitus (sèr'vi-tus), n. [LL., service, servi- tude: see servitude .] In Rom . law , the right of a person not the owner of the thing to use it or have it serve his interest in a particular man- ner not wholly exclusive, but by way of excep- tion to the general power of exclusive use be- longing to the owner. of servitude . servt. An abbreviation of servant . sest me sesame (ses'a-mē), n. [ME. sysame; sesame , sisame , F. sésame = Sp. sésamo = Pg. sesamo = It. sesamo , sisamo = D. sesam ( -kruid ) = G. Sw. Dan. sesam , sesamum , sisamuт , sesama , neut., sesima, sesama, f. (= Turk. si- sām , sus am), sesame, σήσαμον , Laconian σάαμον, neut., the seed or fruit of the sesame- plant, the plant itself, σησάμη , f., the sesame- plant. Cf. Ar. simsim , > Pers. simsim = Hind. sams am , sesame. The E. word is pronounced as if directly from the Gr. σησάμη.] An annual herbaceous plant, Sesamum Indicum (S. orien- tale ), widely cultivated and naturalized in trop- ical and subtropical countries. Its value lies chiefly in its seeds, from which is expre ed the gingili-, sesame-, or til-oil. The seeds are also variously used as food. The oil in large doses is laxative, and the leaves when macer- ated yield a mucilaginous remedy, useful in cholera in- fantum, dysentery, etc. The plant is simple of culture, and thrives in sterile soil. It is somewhat grown in the southern United States. Also called benne . Sysame in fatte soil and gravel is so we, Sex sester in oon acre lande is throwe. and obtuse or shortly acuminate. There are 9 or 10 species, all natives of tropical or southern Africa, though one, S. Indicum, is thought by some to be of Asiatic origin. They are erect or prostrate herbs with a rough and gummy surface. They bear opposite leaves below, alternate above, and either entire or cleft. The pale or violet flowers are soli- tary in the axils. The one im- portant species is S. Indicum , the sesame, widely natural- ized and cultivated. See sesa- me , and cut under benne . - Oil of sesamum. See sesame and oil. sesban (ses'ban), n. [ sesban , seiseban , saisabān , sīsabān , the plant Sesbania Ægyp- tiaca .] A plant, Ses- bania Ægyptiaca , native IMG:content-0700.png:[blocks in formation] II. n. A moth of the family Sesiidæ . Sesiidæ (sē-sī'i-dē), n . pl . [NL. (Speyer, 1843, as Sesidæ ), Sesia + -idæ .] Same as Ægeriidæ . Sesiidæ is adopted by most late writers. Also Sesiæ (Hüb- ner, 1816), Sesiariæ (Boisduval, 1829), Sesiatica (Graven- horst, 1843), Sesiades , and Sesiadæ. Sesleria (ses-lē'ri-ä), n. [NL. (Scopoli, 1772), named after L. Sesler , a botanist of the 18th cen- tury.] A genus of gra es of the tribe Festuceæ , type of the subtribe Seslerieæ . It is characterized by two to six-flowered spikelets crowded into globose or cylindrical spike-like panicles, and by usually three to five-nerved flowering glumes which are toothed or pointed or short-awned. There are about 10 species, natives of Europe and western Asia. They are perennial turf-form- ing gra es with flat or convolute leaves, and usually with short bluish or silvery-shining spikes. See moor - gra . seson1t, n. and v. A Middle English form of high. Also called jyntee . sesqui- (ses'kwi). [F. Sp. Pg. It. sesqui- , n . [NL. (Per so on, 1807), sesqui- , usually as a prefix, rarely as an inde- sesque , one more, more S, by one half; perhaps contracted semisque , semis, a half (see semi-), + -que (= Gr. καί ), and.] A Latin prefix, meaning 'one half more'-that is, an amount equal to one and a half times some unit, as in sesquitone ; or an amount equal to a unit plus some part of itself, as in sesquialtera , sesquitertia , etc. (a) In chem ., it is used to designate compounds in which there are one and a half times as many atoms or radicals of one mem- ber of the compound as of the other thus, sesquioxid of iron is an oxid containing two atoms of iron to three of oxy gen. (b) In arith ., it expre es a super particular ratio-that is, a ratio in which the greater term contains the le once, and one aliquot part over: thus, the ratio of 3 to 2 is ses- quialteral, that of 4 to 3 sesquitertial, that of 5 to 4 sesqui- quartal, etc. But these words are rare in an English form. Thus, T. Hills in 1600 writes: "If the quotient be 11 then it is named sesquialtera , if 1 then sesquitertia , if 11 then sesquiquarta , if 1 then sesquiquinta , and so foorth infinite- ly, which names cannot be englished otherwise but thus, once and a halfe, once and a third, once and a quarter, once and a fift, etc." sesquialter (ses-kwi-al'ter), n. [NL., ses- quialter , one half more, sesqui- , one half more, + alter , another.] In entom ., a large spot in- closing a smaller one; a sesquiocellus. sesquialtera (ses-kwi-al'te-rä), n. [L., fem. of sesquialter , one half more: see sesquialter .] In music : (a) An interval having the ratio 1:14 or 2:3-that is, a perfect fifth. (b) A rhythm in which three minims are made equal to a pre- ceding two. Compare hemiolia . (c) In organ- building, a variety of mixture. sesquialteral (ses-kwi-al'te-ral), a. [L. ses- quialter , one half more (see sesquialter ), + -al .] One and a half more; one half more. Specifically (a) In math . , noting a ratio where one quantity or number contains another once and a half as much more: thus, the ratio 9 to 6 is sesquialteral . (b) In bot . , noting that there is half as much more as the number of some other part to which a given part bears special relation, as where the sta- mens are one half as many more as the petals or sepals, or that a fertile flower is accompanied by an abortive one, as in some gra es; also, noting a large fertile floret accom- panied by a small abortive one. (c) In entom ., noting any part or ornament which is accompanied by another half as or much smaller-as (1) an ocellated spot a smaller one close to it, the two being generally inclosed by a common ring of color (also called sesquialter and sesquiocellus ); (2) a colored band cro ing both of the out- spread wings, and accompanied on either the primary or the secondary wing alone by another band; or (3) a cell or areolet of the wing to which a much smaller one is ap- pended. sesquialter ate (ses-kwi-al'te-rāt), a. [L. ses- quialter , one half more, + -atel .] Same as ses- quialteral . sesquialter ous (ses-kwi-al'te-rus), a. [L.ses- quialter , one half more, + -ous .] sesquibasic (ses-kwi-bā'sik), a. one half more, + basis , a base: see basic .] In chem., noting a salt containing one and a half equivalents of the base for each equivalent of acid. sesquiduple (ses-kwi-dū'pl), a. [L. sesqui- + E. duple : a modern irregular formation.] Of three and a half times. sesquiduplicate (ses-kwi-dū'pli-kāt), a. [L. sesqui- + E. duplicate .] Being in the ratio of 24 to 1, or 5 to 2. sesquih. In med . , an abbreviation of L. sesqui- hora , an hour and a half. sesquinona (ses-kwi-no'nä), n . [ sesqui- , one half more, + non us , ninth: see none 2.] In music , an interval having the ratio 1:14 or 9:10 - that is, a le er major second. sesquinonal (ses-kwi-no'nal), a . [As sesquino- na + -al .] Being in the ratio of 10 to 9. sesquioctaval (ses-kwi-ok'ta-val), a. [As ses- quioctava + -al.] Being in the ratio of 9 to 8. sesquioxid, sesquioxide (ses-kwi-ok's id, -sid or -sid), n. [ sesqui- + oxid .] A compound of oxygen and another element in the prop or- tion of three atoms of oxygen to two of the other: as, iron sesquioxid , Fe2O3. sesquipedal (ses'kwi-ped-al), a. and n. [ sesquipedal is , of a foot and a half, sesqui- , one half more, + pes ( ped- ) = E. foot : see pedal .] I. a . Same as sesquipedalian . IMG:content-0701.png:[blocks in formation] The era of galvanized sesquipedal ism and sonorous ca- dences, inaugurated by Johnson. F. Hall , Mod. Eng., p. 148. [ ses- sesquipedality (ses"kwi-pe-dal'i-ti), n. quipedal + -ity .] 1. The condition or property of being sesquipedalian; hence, the condition of being over-large. Imagine to yourself a little squat, uncourtly figure of a Doctor Slop, of about four feet and a half perpendicular height, with a breadth of back, and a sesquipedality of belly, which might have done honour to a serjeant in the horse-guards. Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ii. 9. IMG:content-0702.png:[blocks in formation] sesquisulphid, sesquisulphide (ses-kwi-sul'- Se iliat (se-sil'i-ä), n . pl . [NL., neut. pl. of fid, -fid or -fid), n. [ sesqui- + sulphid .] A basic compound of sulphur with some other ele- ment in the proportion of three atoms of sul- phur to two of the other element. L. se ilis , pertaining to sitting: see se ile .] 1. A group of fixed rotifers; the Flosculariidæ and Melicertidæ : opposed to Natant i a . See Pedata .-2. In Lamarck's cla ification (1801- 1812), one of two orders of Cirriped i a , dis- tinguished from Pedunculata , and containing the se ile as distinguished from the peduncu- late cirripeds; the se ile barnacles, as acorn- shells. Se i liven tres (ses"i-li-ven'trēz), n. pl . [NL., se ilis , pertaining to sitting, + venter (ventr-), the belly.] In entom., same as Securi- fer a . sesquitertian (ses-kwi-ter's han), a. [As ses- qui tertia + -an.] Being in the ratio of 4 to 3. se ion (sesh'on), n. [OF. (and F.) se ion = IMG:content-0703.png:[blocks in formation] are at first se ile , but become Quain, Med. Dict., p. 12. Sp . sesion = Pg. se ão = It. se ione , sedere , pp. se us , sit, E. sit : see sit , sedent.] 1. The act of sitting, or the state of being seated: now rare except in the specific theological sense of Christ's sitting or enthronement at the right hand of God the Father. Also as se ion . Christ... hath as Man, not as God only, supreme do- minion over quick and dead, for so much his ascension into heaven and his se ion at the right hand of God do import. Hooker , Eccles. Polity, v. 55. The French and Italian translations, expre ing neither position of se ion or recubation, do only say that he placed himself at the table. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., v. 6. Leapt from her se ion on his lap, and stood. Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. of a court, academic body, council, legislature, etc., or the actual a embly of the members of these or any similar body for the transac- tion of busine : as, the court is now in ses- sion (that is, the members are a embled for busine ). This se ions, to our great grief we pronounce, Even pushes 'gainst our heart: the party tried The daughter of a king. IMG:content-0704.png:[blocks in formation] 3. The time, space, or term during which a court, council, legislature, or the like meets daily for busine , or transacts busine regu- larly without breaking up. Thus, a se ion of the legislature commonly means the period from its a em- bling to its adjournment for the year or season, in contra- distinction to its daily se ions during that period. So a se ion of Parliament comprises the time from its meeting to its prorogation, of which there is in general but one in each year. Technically at common law it was held that a meeting of Parliament could not be called a se ion un- le the sovereign pa ed an act. The se ion of a judicial court is called a term . Also applied in the United States to the daily or half-daily periods of work of a school. During the twenty-five years of the York dynasty... the se ions of those parliaments which really met ex- tended over a very few months. Stubbs , Const. Hist., §373. The se ions of the Reichstag must be public; it is not within its choice to make them private. A private se ion is regarded as, legally, only a private conference of the members of the Reichstag, and can have no public author- ity whatever. W. Wilson, State, § 417. 4. pl . In law , a sitting of justices in court, ori- ginally, as in England, upon commi ion: as, the se ions of oyer and terminer. See oyer . God is the Iudge, who keeps continuall Se ions In every place to punish all Transgre ions. Sylvester , tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 7. 5. Eccles ., the lowest court of the Presby- terian Church, composed of the pastor and rul- ing or lay elders of the local church. It has the power to admit and discipline members, regulate the times of service, and administer all the spiritual affairs of the local church, and is answerable for its acts to the presbytery. In the Established Church of Scotland it is specifically called the kirk se ion (which see, under kirk ). Wi' pinch I pat a Sunday's face on, An' snooved awa' before the Se ion . Clerk of the Se ion. See clerk . - County se ions. See county 1.- Court of Se ion, the supreme civil court of Scotland, having jurisdiction in all civil questions, and an appellate jurisdiction over the principal inferior courts. It was instituted in 1532, and consists of a lord president, a lord justice-clerk, and eleven ordinary lords. They sit in two divisions, the lord president and three ordinary lords forming the first division, and the lord justice-clerk and other three ordinary lords the second division. The first and second divisions form what is called the inner house. There are five permanent lords ordinary, each of whom holds a court, the courts of the lords ordinary forming what is called the outer house. The junior lord ordinary officiates in the bill-chamber during se ion. See bill -chamber. Court of Se ions, Court of General Se ions, Court of Special Ses- sions, in the United States, local criminal courts whose jurisdiction does not generally extend to offenses of the highest grades. -General se ion of the peace, in Great Britain, a meeting of the justices held for the pur- sester, "A variant of sexter . se poolt, n. Put twenty into his hand, twenty sesterces I mean, and let nobody see. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1. A donative of ten sesterties , I'll undertake, shall make 'em ring your praises More than they sang your pleasures. sestertius (ses-ter's hi-us), n.; pl. sestertii (-1). [L., a silver coin (see def.), prop. adj. (sc. num- mus , coin), two and a half, for * semis tertius , semis , half (see semi- ), + tertius , third, tres , three.]. 1. A silver coin of the Roman republic, first i ued in 269 B. c. It was the quarter of the denarius. See den a- rius. In the quotation there is a confusion of sestertius and sestertium . In music , same as sextuplet , 2. sestolet (ses'tō-let), n. [ sestole + -et .] Same as sextuplet , 2. If his Princely wisedome and power full hand, renowned through the world for admirable government, please but to set these new Estates into order, their composure will be singular. Capt. John Smith , True Travels, I. 59. Then she cast off her lad's attire; A maiden's weede upon her backe she seemely set . I... could not effecte yt which I aimed at, neither can yet sett things as I wished. Cushman, quoted in Bradford's Plymouth Plantation, p. 36. (b) To place or plant firmly: as, he set his foot upon his op- ponent's neck. To lond he him sette, And fot on stirop sette . Set him breast-deep in earth, and famish him. Shak ., Tit. And., v. 3. 179. In mo es mixt with violet Her cream-white mule his pastern set . Tennyson , Sir Launce lot and Queen Guinevere. point; as, to set a person over others; to set a man at the head of affairs. sesun1t, n. A Middle English form of season . sesun2t, n. A Middle English form of seizin . [NL. (Linnæus, (c) To establish, as in a certain post, office, or relation; ap- Sesuvium (sē-su'vi-um), n. 1762).] A genus of apetalous plants, of the or- der Ficoideæ and tribe Aizoideæ . It is character- ized by flowers with a five-lobed calyx, five or more sta- mens, and a three to five-celled ovary with axillary pla- centæ, numerous ovules, and a circumsci ile capsule. There are 4 species, natives of tropical shores throughout the world. They are erect or prostrate branching and succulent herbs, sometimes slightly shrubby. They bear opposite, fleshy, linear or oblong leaves without distinct stipules, and with axillary, solitary or clustered, usually reddish or purplish flowers. They are known as sea - purs- lane. S. Portulaca strum is a widely diffused species, use- ful with others in binding sea-sands, and in western Asia eaten as a salad. See purslane . set1 (set), v.; pret. and pp. set , ppr. setting . [Early mod. E. also sett , sette ; setten (pret. sette , sætte , also settide , pl. settiden , pp. set , sette , i-set, y-set, i-sett, i-sette), sett an (pret. sette , pp. geset ) , set, = OS. settian = OFries. sett a = MD. setten , D. zetten = MLG. LG. set- ten = OHG. sazzan , sezzan, setzan , MHG. G. setzen = Icel. setja = Sw. sätta = Dan. sætte = Goth. satjan , set, put, place, etc. (in a wide variety of app applications), lit. cause to sit, causal. of AS. sittan (pret. sæt ) , etc., sit: see sit . Cf. beset, seize . The verb set , orig. transitive, byre a- son of its reflexive use, and ult., by omi ion of the object, its intransitive use, and by reason of its phonetic similarity or identity in some forms with the primitive verb sit (also dial. set , obs. or dial. pret. and pp. set ), has become more or le confused and involved in its later uses. In the sense 'sink,' as the sun or stars, it is partly of Scand. origin, setask , set, as the sun, etc. Many uses are highly idiomatic, the verb, like put , its nearest equivalent, and do , make , get , etc., having become of almost uni- versal application, ion, and taking its distinctive color from the context.] I. trans. 1. To make or cause to rest as on a seat; cause to be put, placed, or seated; place in a sitting, standing, or any natural or normal posture; put: as, to set a box on its end or a table on its feet: often Theose sixe ben i - set to saue the castel; To kepe this wommon this wyse men ben charget. Piers Plowman (A), x. 22. Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel. Luke ii. 34. We'll set thee to school to an ant. Shak . , Lear, ii. 4. 68. I look upon myself as one set to watch the manners and behaviour of my countrymen and contemporaries. Add is on, Spectator, No. 435. (d) To place before the mind: often with a direct and an indirect object. (e) To adjust, as an instrument: as, to set a clock, a tele- scope, an alarm, or a metronome; to set the feed of a sew- ing-machine; to set the focus of a microscope. Hath some frolic heart set back the hand Of fate's perpetual clock? Quarles , Emblems, v. 7. The Overseer of the Poor Is setting the Workhouse Clock. The king said unto me,.. For how long shall thy journey be? and when wilt thou return? So... I set him a time. Neh. ii. 6. I am to bruise his heel; His seed, when is not set , shall bruise my head. Milton , P. L., x. 499. Lord Dingwall courted this lady gay, And so he set their wedding-day. (b) To a ign or prescribe, as a copy or a task. Set him such a task, to be done in such a time, as may allow him no opportunity to be idle. Locke , Education, § 127. 8. To fix, determine, or regulate beforehand, as a price, value, or amount: as, to set a price on a house or a horse. And as for these whose ransom we have set , It is our pleasure one of them depart. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iv. 1. 139. Do you not see what feigned prices are set upon little stones or rarities? Bacon , Riches (ed. 1887). 9. To put in order or trim for use; make ready: as, to set a razor (that is, to give it a fine edge); to set a saw (to incline the teeth laterally to the right and left in order that the kerf may be wider than the thickne of the blade); to set a trap; to set the table for dinner; to set a scene on the stage. She gan the hous to dyghte, And tables for to sette and beddes make. Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 839. Yeomen of Chambre, IIII, to make beddes, to bere or hold torches, to sette bourdes. 3. Specifically-( a ) To put (a domestic fowl when broody) in position for incubation; place (a broody hen or other fowl) on a nest con- taining eggs, for the purpose of hatching them. you please. What woman cannot sette an hen on broode And bryng her briddes forth? (b) To place (eggs) under a broody hen or other bird in a nest, or in an incubator, for the pur- pose of hatching them.-4. To cause or pro- cure to be or do; dispose; put from one state into another: followed by an object with a pred- icate to it: as, to set at ease; to set in order; to set matters right. See also phrases below. I am come to set a man at variance against his father. Mat. x. 35. Thei, castynge her cloth is on the colt, setten Jhesu on Wyclif , Luke xix. 35. He tooke, he tooke him up a, All by the lilly-white hand, And set him on his feet. The dishes have feet like standing bolles, and are so set one upon another that you may eat of each without re- moving of any. Sandys , Travailes, p. 51. No man, when he hath lighted a candle, covereth it,. but setteth it on a candlestick. Luke viii. 16. Lo! as a careful housewife runs to catch One of her feather'd creatures broke away, Sets down her babe and makes all swift despatch. Shak., Sonnets, cxliii. 2. To put in a certain place, position, direc- tion, or relation; put; place; fix; establish. With mete & drynke be-fore the sette , Hold the plesyd, & aske no bette. Roben set hes horne to hes mowthe, And blow a blast that was foll god. IMG:content-0705.png:[blocks in formation] a further predicate determining the object's ac- tion: as, to set a faucet running; to set a man to work; to set one's self to improve matters. A wys womman wol sette [var. busy ] hire evere in oon To get hire love ther as she hath noon. Chaucer, Prol, to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 209. Where be... your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table on a roar? Shak ., Hamlet, v. 1. 210. We were set to wipe the feet of the kings horses, and to become ordinarie slaues in the said Court. Webbe , Travels (ed. Arber), p. 18. Come, what's here to do? you are putting the town- pleasures in her head, and setting her a-longing. Wycherley, Country Wife, iii. 1. How utterly they are at a stand until they are set a-going by some paragraph in a newspaper. Steele , Spectator, No. 4. Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying. Tennyson, Prince , iii. (song). When now The good things of the hall were set aglow By the great tapers. William Morris , Earthly Paradise, II. 151. The twilight that sends the hens to roost sets the fox to prowl. J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 42. 6. To fix. ( a ) To make rigid or immovable: as, rust had Peace, set your countenance then, for here he comes. Middle ton ( and others ), The Widow, v. 1. Set are her eyes, and motionle her limbs. Garth , tr. of Ovid's Meta morph., xiv. (b) To make stiff, firm, or solid: as, to set milk with ren- net. They [liquors] are then evaporated to crystallizing point, the ma es of crystals are drained. When set , Spons ' Encyc . Manuf . , 1. 33. The coated plate is then left on the stand until it [the Workshop Receipts , 1st ser., p. 279. Set we our squadrons on yond side o' the hill, In eye of Cæsar's battle. Shak ., A. and C., iii. 9. 1. gelatin) is quite set. Quoted in Babees Book , p. 313, note, Sir, the scene is set , and everything is ready to begin, if Sheridan, The Critic, ii. 1. An elaborate scene is set when it is arranged upon the stage, and "struck" when it is removed. New York Daily Tribune , July 14, 1889. 10. To plant, as a shrub, tree, or vegetable: distinguished from sou : often with out : as, to set out strawberry-plants. To serue hym for euere, Bothe to so we and to sette , the while I swynke myghte. Piers Plowman (B), v. 548. I'll not put The dibble in earth to set one slip of them. Shak ., W. T., iv. 4. 100. An honest and laborious servant, whose skill and pro- fe ion was to set or sow all wholesome herbs. Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. 11. To frame or mount, as a precious stone in gold, silver, or other metal: as, to set a dia- Onyx stones, and stones to be set , glistering stones, and of divers colours. 1 Chron. xxix. 2. He had fiue emrauds set in golde, which were woorth fiue hundred or sixe hundred crownes. Hakluyt's Voyages , II. 249. Never so rich a gem Was set in worse than gold. With gemmes fele aboute on hem ysette . Palladius , Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 74. High on their heads, with jewels richly set , Each lady wore a radiant coronet. Alison Gro (Child's Ballads), I. 169. He had a most rich George in a sardonyx set with dia- monds. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 9, 1705. The old Knight... bid me observe how thick the City was set with Churches. Add is on , Spectator, No. 383. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary IMG:content-0707.png:[blocks in formation] K. John having now gotten a Vacation, and a Time of Ease, which agreed much better with his Nature than Wars, sets his Mind wholly upon Pleasures. Baker , Chronicles, p. 69. Add is on . Shak ., J. C., iv. 3. 98. 24. To flute or crimp; adjust the plaits of: as, to set a ruff with a poking-stick. His linen collar labyrinthian set , Whose you sand double turnings never met. To set a paper, in university use, to prepare or formu- late an examination-paper. We are informed that at the Universities there is a difficulty in finding persons capable of setting papers in Spanish. Quarterly Rev., CLXII. 43. To set apart. See apart1 , 1 (b). To set a pole, in fish- ing , to fasten a pole (with a line and baited hook attached) to some support, to be left (generally over night) for fish to take the bait. - To set aside. (a) To omit for the present; leave out of the question. 25t. To point out or mark, as game-birds, by crouching, or standing stiffly, with the muzzle directed toward the scent; point: as, a dog sets Minds altogether set on trade and profit. a covey of partridges. See setter1 . Hence-26. 15. To stake at play; wager; risk; also, to bet To mark or designate for prey, in allusion to a I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak., Rich. III., v. 4. 9. Give you him all you play for; never set him; For he will have it. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1. 16. To embarra ; perplex; pose; bring to a mental standstill. dog which sets birds; hunt, as game, with a set- ter; formerly, also, to take, as birds, with a net. (b) To reject. Learning was pos'd; Philosophie was set ; Sophisters taken in a fisher's net. Set thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute. Dryden. He had been very succe ful in setting such old songs as "Orpheus with his lute." Tennyson, The Window, Prefatory Note. In the same year Purcell set Sir Charles Sedley's Ode for the queen's birthday, "Love's Godde sure was blind." Grove, Dict. Music, III. 49. Music, set to madrigals, Loitered all day through groves and halls. IMG:content-0708.png:[blocks in formation] were taken later as adverbs, and the transitive verb, by reason of this construction and by reason also of the mere omi ion of the object, became intransitive (in the then idiomatic phrase to set by) -set by in the transitive use being equivalent to a unitary verb, 'value, esteem,' and taking as such a pa ive construction. I sette nat an haw of his proverbes. Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 659. No wyse man doth set by ; Wythout cond i cions vertuous, Thou art not worth a flye. IMG:content-0709.png:[blocks in formation] God knows how hard it is to help setting a good deal by one's children. S. Judd , Margaret, ii. 1. 19t. To a ume; suppose; posit. I set the werste, lest that ye dreden this; Men wolde wondren sen hym come or gon. He with his squadron overtakes a coach which they had set overnight, having intelligence of a booty of four hundred pounds in it. Memoirs of Du Vall , 1670 (Harl. Misc., III. 311). ( Davies .) A combination of sharpers, it seems, had long set him as a man of fortune. Richardson, Sir Charles Grand is on, IV. 294. ( Davies .) 27. See the quotation. Sir E. Beckett , Clocks and Watches, p. 370. 28. To push; propel by pushing with a pole against the bank or bottom of the stream: said of boats. See setting - pole . [Local, Eng., and U. S.] With rowing, drawing, and setting [our boats], we went this day 7 miles more. Hakluyt's Voyages , I. 366. 29. To direct or accompany part or all of the way: as, to set one home; to set one on one's To set by. (a) To put aside or away. (b) To enter in writing; make a note of; note. My tables-meet it is I set it down That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain. IMG:content-0710.png:[ocr errors][merged small] Even the great Islands, E. Indies many of them, are Names, or so set down that I Dampier , Voyages, I. 308. 31. In printing : (a) To place in the proper order for reading, as types representing let- ters, spaces, punctuation-marks, etc.; compose. (b) To put into type: as, to set a manuscript: sometimes with up . (c) To put (newly printed sheets) aside until the ink is perfectly dry, and sets in the paper.-32. Naut .: (a) To loosen and extend; spread to the wind: as, to set the sails. (b) To observe the bearings of, as a distant object by the compa : as, to set the land.-33. In leather - manuf ., to treat (leather) by wetting it, spreading it on a stone or table, and beating it with the slicker until it adheres to the table by atmospheric pre ure. -34. To (ft) To lower. become; suit. Ill sets it a forsaken lady To sail sae gallant lie. Most freely I confe , myself and Toby Set this device against Malvolio here. For to save hym in his ryght My goodes beth sette and solde. Robin Hood , i. 11. ( Hall i well .) They care not at how unreasonable rates they set their grounds. Bp . Hall , Cases of Conscience, i. 1. About this time [1750] the custom of setting or leasing a mine on tribute came into use. R. Hunt , British Mining, p. 107. 23. To write; note; enter, as in a book. Com- pare to set down ( b ), below. Yet sette I caas ye have bot he myght and licence for to venge yow. Chaucer , Tale of Melibeus. To set against. (a) To set in comparison; oppose; also, to set in wager. If he [Edward III.] would set his Kingdom of England, though much meaner, against his of France, he would then accept the Challenge, and meet him in the Field in single Combat. Baker , Chronicles, p. 119. Setting the probabilities of the story against the credit of the witne es. Brougham . (b) To prejudice against; incline to an unfriendly opinion of: as, to set one friend against another. To set an example, to do that which may or should serve as a pattern or model, as in conduct, manners, or morals. Their Master Christ gave them this precept, and set them this example . Milton , Apology for Smectymnuus. And say, to which shall our applause belong,... Or he who bids thee face with steady view Proud fortune, and look shallow greatne through, And, while he bids thee, sets th ' example too ? You may set it down as mere bewilderment. Fitch , Lects. on Teaching, p. 189. O, you are well tuned now! But I'll set down the pegs that make this music. IMG:content-0711.png:[blocks in formation] Shak ., Cymbeline, iv. 2. 131. To set fire ont, set fire to, to apply fire to; set on fire. Thenne, Though fire be sette on it, it shal not brenne. Palladius , Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 141. To set forth. (a) To present to view or consideration; represent by words; make known fully; declare. IMG:content-0712.png:[blocks in formation] My reformation, glittering o'er my fault, Shall show more goodly and attract more eyes Than that which hath no foil to set it off . IMG:content-0713.png:[blocks in formation] In this Church are two Altars set out with extraordinary splendour, being deck'd with rich Miters, Embroider'd Copes. Maundrell , Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 99. This day Mrs. Ru el did give my wife a very fine St. George in alabaster, which will set out my wife's closet mightily. Pepys , Diary, II. 71. (1) To show; display; demonstrate; indicate. What doe they else but, in the abounding of mans sinne, set out the superabounding grace of God? Purchas , Pilgrimage, p. 108. Thus have I attempted to describe this duty [of praise], to set out the great reasonablene , and to stir you up to the practice of it. Bp . Atterbury , Sermons, I. i. (g) To recite; state at large: as, to set out one's complaint. (h) In engineering , to locate. (i) To place, as a stone in masonry, so that it projects beyond the stone next ad- joining, especially the stone or course next beneath; cause to jut out; corbel out. The early Byzantine architects - in Sta. Sophia for in- stance-did fit pendentives to circular arches, but it was with extreme difficulty, and required very great skill both in setting out and in execution. IMG:content-0714.png:[blocks in formation] The large number of ice-making machines which have recently been set up. Sci . Amer., N. S., LXIII. 16. (d) To provide adequately; supply; furnish; fit out; stock: as, I have enough capital to set me up in trade; she is set up in winter gowns. Two Deskes and a quire of Paper set him up , where he now sits in state for all commers. Some ends of verse his betters might afford, And gave the harmle fellow a good word. Set up with these, he ventur'd on the town, And with a borrow'd play outdid poor Crowne. Pope , Macer. Whom he would he set up , and whom he would he put down. Dan. v. 19. (f) To place in view; display: as, to set up a notice or a signal. On all her olive-hills Shall men set up the battle-sign of fire. It appears unlikely that Asoka would have been allowed to set up two copies of his edicts in the dominions of such powerful kings as Aira and his father seem to have been. J. Fergu on, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 139. (g) To utter loudly; raise, as a noise, or as the voice. I'll set up such a note as she shall hear, Dryden, Amaryllis, 1. 88. Wherever in a lonely grove He set up his forlorn pipes, The gouty oak began to move, And flounder into hornpipes. (h) To advance; propose for reception or consideration: as, to set up a new doctrine. (i) To raise from misfortune or dejection; encourage; restore: as, this good fortune quite set him up . (j) To exhilarate: as, he was a little set up . [Colloq.] (k) Naut . , to haul taut, or take in the slack of, as the standing rigging. (1) In printing : (1) To put in type: as, to set up a page of copру. He had only written the opening pages, and had them set up . H. James, Jr., Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 107. (2) To arrange in the proper order of words, lines, etc.; com- pose: as, to set up type. ( m ) To offer to bidders at auction: as, the next three lots were set up together. (n) To bring about; produce; establish as, a permanent curvature of the spine was set up . (0) To pause for rest; make a halt; sojourn. 'Tis also cheape living which causes travellers to set up their rest here more than in Florence. Evelyn , Diary, May 21, 1645. II. in trans. 1. To sink downward; settle down; especially, to decline toward and pa below the horizon, as the sun, moon, or stars. Now, when the sun was setting , all they that had any sick... brought them unto him. Luke iv. 40. His smother'd light May set at noon and make perpetual night. Shak ., Lucrece, 1. 784. This day the ship heaved and set more than before, yet we had but few sick. Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 11. He keeped her sae late and lang, Till the evening set , and birds they sang. IMG:content-0715.png:[blocks in formation] Throw boldly, for he sets to all that write; With such he ventures on an even lay, For they bring ready money into play. She gies the herd a pickle nits. To watch, while for the barn she sets , In hopes to see Tam Kipples. 6. To have motion in a certain direction; flow; tend: as, the tide sets to the north; the current sets westward. The old bookseller with some grumbling opened his shop, and by the twinkling taper (for he was setting bed- wards) lighted out the relic from his dusty treasures. Lamb , Old China. And his soul set to grief, as the vast tide Of the bright rocking Ocean sets to shore At the full moon. M. Arnold, Sohrab and Rustum. Trust me, cousin, all the current of my being sets to thee. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. 7. To point game by crouching, in the original manner, now obsolete, of a setter dog; more rarely, to hunt game with the aid of a setter; also, formerly, to catch birds with a large net. When I go a-hawking or setting , I think myself beholden to him that a ures me that in such a field there is a covey of partridges. Boyle. (Johnson.) 8. To make a beginning; apply one's self: as, to set to work. (0) To place (an instrument) on its support: as, to set up a theodolite. To set up a sidet, to become partners at cards. To set up one's birse. See birse . To set up one's restt. (a) To make up one's mind; resolve; deter- mine; stake one's chances. [The origin of this phrase is obscure, but is generally referred to the old game of pri- mero, in which, it is alleged, a player who stood upon the cards in his hand in the hope that they might prove 9. To face one's partner in dancing. If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform the commands of Christ. Hammond. The gale set to its work, and the sea arose in earnest. R. D. Black more , Maid of Sker, x. She set They very often made use of a... Step called Setting , which I know not how to describe to you but by telling you that it is the very reverse of Back to Back. Budgell , Spectator, No. 67. sometimes makes one in a country-dance, with only one of the chairs for a partner,. and sets to a corner cupboard. Goldsmith , Citizen of the World, xxviii. A propensity on the part of that unlucky old lady to amble about, and set to inanimate objects, accompany ing herself with a chattering noise, as in a witch dance. Dickens, Bleak House, xxxiii. ... 10. To acquire a set or bend; get out of shape; become bent; warp: said of an angler's rod.11. To sit, as a broody hen: a wrong use, by confusion with sit . To set about, to take the first steps in; begin: as, to set about a busine or enterprise. Why, as to reforming, Sir Peter, I'll make no promises, and that I take to be a proof that I intend to set about it. Sheridan, School for Scandal, v. 3. No nation in any age or in any part of the globe has failed to invent for itself a true and appropriate style of architecture whenever it chose to set about it in the right way. J. Fergu on, Hist. Arch., I. 45. To set alandt, to steer landward. He made his ship alonde for to sette .