Freppel, Right Rev. Charles Emile

Roman Catholic; b. at Obernai (Bas Rhin), France, July 1, 1827; studied at Stra burg; was ordained priest, 1849; taught philosophy in Paris, 1850-53; was chaplain of St. Genevieve, 1853; dean, 1867; profe or of sacred eloquence in the faculty of Catholic theology at Paris, 1854-70, and greatly distinguished himself by his eloquence. He was called in 1869 to Rome, to a ist in the preliminary arrangements for the Vatican Council, and was pronounced in favor of the papal-infallibility dogma. He was consecrated bishop of Angers in 1870, and has made a vigorous prelate, being active in organizing the pilgrimages to Paray-le- Monial, Puy, and elsewhere, in 1872 and 1873, and in founding a Catholic university at Angers. In 1880 he was returned as deputy from Brest, and attracted great notice by the frequency and violence of his opposition to the government, and by his outspoken ultramontanisra. His works are numerous. Among them are, Les Peres apostoliques et leur e'poque, Paris, 1859, 2d ed. 1870; Les apolog is les chretiens au deuxihne siecle, 1860, 3d ed. 1886; St. Irene'e, 1861; Examen critique de la vie de Jesus, de M. Renan, 1863 (numerous editions); Conferences sur la divinite de Jesus Christ, 1863; Terlullien, 1864, 2 vols.; St. Cyprien, 1865, 3d ed. 1875; Clement d'Alexandrie, 1865, 2d ed. 1873; Examen critique des apotres de M. Renan, 1866; Origene, 1868; (Euvres pastorales or a to ires, 1869-80, 4 vols.; (Euvres polemiques, 1874-80, 2 vols.; L'Eglise et les ouoriers, 1876; Les devoirs du chretien dans la vie civile, 1876; La vie chre'tienne, 1879 (Lenten sermons delivered in the chapel of the Tuileries, 1862). * FRICK.E, Gustav Adolf, Ph.D. (Leipzig, 1844), D.D. (hon., Kiel, 1851), Evangelical Luther an theologian; b. at Leipzig, Aug. 23, 1822; studied at the university there; habilitated himself in both the theological and philosophical faculties, 1846; became profe or extraordinary of theology, 1849; ordinary profe or of theology at Kiel, 1851; obercatechel in St. Peter's Church, Leipzig, 1865; ordinary profe or of theology in the University of Leipzig, 1867. He is also pastor of St. Peter's, consistorial rath, member of the synodical committee of the Evangelical Luther an Church of Saxony. He has received the royal Saxon Albrecht order second cla , the Pru ian crown order second cla , the Swedish Masa order, is a knight of the Pru ian Eagle order 85 third cla . Besides numerous sermons, of his writings may be mentioned, Argumenta pro Dei existent i a, Pars 1., Leipzig, 1847; Die Erhebung zum Herrn im Gebete, Reichenbach, 1850, 2d ed. 1861; Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte, 1. Thl., Leipzig, 1850; Das exegetische Problem im Briefe Pauli an die Galater c. 3, 20, auf Grund v. Gal. 3, 15-25 gepriift, 1880; De menle dogmatic a loci Paul in i ad Rom. 5, 12 sq. Denuo et emend at i us typis expre um, 1880; Metaphysik und Dogmatik in ihrem gegenseitigen Verhdltni e, unter besond. Bezieh. auf die Ritschl's che Theologie, 1882.