Harding (här'ding), Chester

Bornat Conway, - Ma ., Sept. 1, 1792: died at Boston, April 1, 1866. An American portrait-painter. Harding, James Duffield. Born at Deptford, Kent, 1798: died at Barnes, Surrey, 1863. An English landscape-painter, and writer on art. He was a succe ful teacher of his art, and published educational works upon it. Harding, John. See Hardyng . Hardinge (här'ding), Sir Henry, first Viscount Hardinge of Lahore. Born at Wrotham, Kent, March 30, 1785: died near Tun bridge Wells, Sept. 24, 1856. An English general, distinguished throughout the Peninsular war and at Ligny. He was secretary at war under Wellington July, 1828,-July, 1830; chief secretary for Ireland July-Nov., 1830, and 1834-35; secretary at war 1841-44; and governor general of India 1844-48, serving as second in command under Gough in the first Sikh war. He was commander in-chief of the British army 1852-56, and was made field. marshal in 1855. Hardoi (hur'dō-ē). A district in the Sitapur division, Oudh, Northwest Provinces, British India, intersected by lat. 27° 30′ N., long. 80°10′ E. Area, 2,325 square miles. Population (1891), 1,113,211. Hardouin (ärd-öan'), Jean. Born at Quimper, 1646: died at Paris, Sept. 3, 1729. A French Jesuit cla ical scholar, numismatist, and chronologist. He maintained in the "Prolegomena ad censuram veterum scrip to rum" the paradox that, with a few exceptions, all the works ascribed to cla ical antiquity had been forged by monks in the 13th century, under the direction of a certain Severus Archontius. He also attacked the genuinene of ancient coins and of all church councils before that of Trent. Hardt (härt) Mountains. A continuation of the Vosges in the Rhine Palatinate, Bavaria. Hard Times. A novel by Dickens, published originally in "Household Words" in 1854. It was published entire in one volume in 1854. Hardwar, war, or Hurdwar (hur-dwar'). [Skt. Ha ridvāra , gate of Hari, i. e. Vishnu.] An ancient city on the right bank of the Ganges where the river breaks through into the plain. It is an important place of annual pilgrimage, while every twelfth year a peculiarly sacred feast called a kumbh-mela takes place. The concourse of pilgrims (yearly 100,000; at the kumbh-mela rise to important fair. Amela 300,000) has given the Gangrappar. tion (1891), 29,125. IMG:content-0578.png:[blocks in formation] 1892. He was raised to peerage as Viscount Cran brook in 1878, and was created earl of Cran brook in 1892. Hardy, Lætiti a. In Mrs. Cowley's comedy "The Belle's Stratagem," a young girl betrothed to Dor i court. She is piqued by his indifference into playing succe fully a part which he hates in order to turn his indif. ference into hatred, which can more easily be turned to love. Hardy, Sir Thomas. Born 1769: died 1839. An English naval commander. now as the author of the couplet "Treason doth never prosper: what's the reason? For if it prosper, none dare call it treason." Haring ton, John. Died at Worms, Aug. 23, 1613. An English nobleman, the first Lord Haring ton. He was the cousin of Sir John Haring ton. In 1603 he received the charge of the Prince Elizabeth, who resided with his family at Combe Abbey. He saved her in 1605 from the conspirators of the "Gunpowder Plot," escaping with her to Coventry. In 1613 he had a royal patent for expenses incurred by extravagance. These tokens were called "Haring tons" in ordinary conversation. He went abroad as royal commi ioner to settle the jointure of the prince , and died on the journey home. Hardy, Thomas. Born in Dorset, June 2, 1840. coining bra farthings for 3 years, granted to reimburse An English novelist. His works include "Desperate Remedies" (1869), "Under the Greenwood Tree" (1872), "A Pair of Blue Eyes" (1873), "Far from the Madding Crowd" (1874), "The Hand of Ethelberta" (1876), "The Re- turn of the Native" (1878), "The Trumpet-Major" (1880), "Two on a Tower" (1882), "A Group of Noble Dames (1891), "Te of the D'Urbervilles" (1892), "Life's Little Ironies" (1894), "Jude the Obscure" (1896: serially in "Harper's Magazine" as "Hearts Insurgent" 1895). Hardyng, or Harding (här'ding), John. Born 1378: died about 1465. An English chronicler. As a youth he was a member of the household of Harry Percy (Hotspur), and was was present at the battle of Shrews bury. He fought also at the battle of Homildon and at Agin court. He was constable of Sir Robert Umfreville's castle at Kyme, Lincoln shire, from 1436. His chronicle is written in English verse, and comes down to about 1436. He is best known in connection with certain documents forged by him relating to the fendal relations of the Scot tish and English crowns. C. Hare (har), The. A constellation. See Lepus . Hare, August us John Cuthbert. Born at Rome, March 13, 1834: died at St. Leonards, Jan. 22,1903. An English author, nephew of J. and A. W. Hare. He wrote "Walks in Rome" (1871), "Memorials of a Quiet Life" (1872), "Wanderings in Spain" (1873), "Days near Rome" (1874), "Cities of Northern and Central Italy" (1876), "Walks in London" (1878), "Cities of Southern Italy, etc." (1883), "Cities of Central Italy" (1884), "Studies in Ru ia" (1885), "Paris" (1887). Hare, August us William. Born at Rome, Nov. Hariri (hä-rē'rē), the surname of Abu Mohammed Kasim ben Ali. [Ar. harírí , silk-merchant.] Born at Basra about 1054: died there, about 1122. An Arabian poet. The most famous of his works are his Makamat ('a emblies' or 'séances'), consisting of 50 oratorical, poetical, moral, encomiastic, and satirical discourses, supposed to have been spoken or read in public a emblies. It is considered among the Arabs as a literary cla ic next only to the Koran. It was in part translated into English by Preston and Chenery; a free German translation of the whole work by Rückert exists, and there is an edition of the original by Silvestre de Sacy. Harishchandra (ha-rish-chan'dra). In Hindu mythology, the twenty-eighth king of the solar race, celebrated for his piety and justice. He is the subject of legends in the Aitareyabrahmana, Mahabharata, and Mark an dey a purana. The first tells the story of his purchasing Shun ahs hep has to be offered up as a vicarious sacrifice for his own son. Harit (har'it), or Harita (har'i-ta). [Skt., 'fallow,' 'yellow, "green.'] In Hindu mythology, the mares of Indra, or the sun, typical of his rays: according to Max Müller, the prototype of the Greek Charites. Harivansha (ha-ri-van's ha). In Sanskrit lit the title of a poem of 16,374 verses. It purports to be a part of the Mahabharata, but is of much later date. The first part treats of the creation and of the pa triarchal and regal dynasties; the second, of the life and 17, 1792: died at Rome, Feb. 18, 1834. An Engerature, 'Hari's ( i . e. Vishnu-Krishna's) race': lish clergyman, brother of J. C. Hare, and his collaborator in "Gue es at Truth." Hare, Julius Charles. Born at Valdagno, Italy, Sept. 13, 1795: died at Hurstmonceaux, Su ex, England, Jan. 23, 1855. An English divine and theological writer, archdeacon of Lewes 1840. He held the living of Hurstmonceaux from 1832. Among his works are "Mi ion of the Comforter" (1846); conjointly with A. W. Hare, "Gue es at Truth" (1827). Hare, Robert. Born at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1781: died at Philadelphia, May 15, 1858. An American chemist. He was profe or of chemistry in Contest with Rome" (1852); "Vindication of Luther" (1854); the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania 1818-47. He invented the cal or i motor in 1816. He wrote "Chemical Apparatus and Manipulations" (1836), etc. Harefoot, Harold. See Harold . Harfleur (är-fler'). A seaport in the department of Seine-Inférieure, northern France, situated on the Lézarde, near the mouth of the Seine, 6 miles east of Havre. This was formerly an important seaport. It was twice occupied by the English in the 15th century. Population (1891), commune, 2,307. Hargraves (här grāvz), Edmund Hammond. Born at Gosport, England, about 1816. An English farmer and miner, the discoverer of the goldfields of Australia in 1851. Hargreave (här'grēv), Charles James. Born at Wortley, near Leeds, Dec., 1820: died at Bray, near Dublin, April 23, 1866. An English jurist and mathematician. He was one of the commi ioners appointed to sit in Dublin to receive applications for the sale of estates under the Encumbered Estates Act of 1849, and was a judge of the Landed Estates Court from its es tablishment in 1858. He published numerous mathemat ical papers. Hargreaves (härgrövz), James. Born probably at Black burn, Lancashire: died at Nottingham, April, 1778. An English mechanic, inventor of the spinning-jenny. The invention was made about 1764, and was patented July 12, 1770. It has been claimed for Thomas Highs, but on insufficient Mr. James, a cotton-mill in Nottingham. evidence. Hargreaves established, in partnership with a Hari (hä'ri). In Hindu mythology, a name commonly designating Vishnu, but sometimes given to other gods. Harihara (ha-ri-hara). In Hindu mythology, a combination of the names of Vishnu and Shiva, representing the union of the two deities. profe or of civil engineering and mathematics at Grinnell Hari-Rud. See Heri -Rud. College, Iowa, 1870-73; profe or of civil engineering in Häring (ha'ring), Wilhelm: pseudonym Wili- bald Alexis. Born at Breslau, Pru ia, June 29, 1798: died at Arnstadt, Thu ring i a, Dec. 16, 1871. A German novelist. His works include "Wal ladmor" and "Schlo Avalon" (which he i ued in 1823 and 1827 respectively, under the name of Walter Scott), "Cabanis" (1832), "Der Roland von Berlin" (1840), and other romances from German history. Haring ton (har'ing-ton), Sir John. Born at Kelston, near Bath, England, 1561: died there, Nov. 20, 1612. An English poet. His chief work was a translation of the "Orlando Furioso" (1591). Не adventures of Krishna; the third, of the future of the world and the corruptions of the Kali age. It was probably written in the south of India. Harkaway (härk'a-wa"), Grace. In Dion Boucicault's comedy "London A urance," a young woman of fortune. Harlan (här'lan), James. Born in Clark County, Ill., Aug. 25, 1820: died at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, Oct. 5, 1899. An American Republican (originally a Whig) politician. He was United States senator from Iowa 1855-65; secretary of the inte rior 1865-66; and United States senator 1866-73, when he became editor of the "Washington Chronicle. Harlan, John Marshall. Born in Boyle County, Ky., June 1, 1833. An American jurist. He graduated from the law department of Transylvania University in 1853, was attorney-general of Kentucky 18631867, and became a ociate justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1877. Harl and (härʻland), Marion. The pseudonym of Mrs. Terhune (Mary Virginia Hawes). Harlaw (här-la'). A place 18 miles northwest of Aberdeen, Scotland. Here the Highlanders who invaded Aberdeen shire under Donald, lord were defeated by the Earl of Mar, 1411. Isles, Harlech (här'lech). The ancient capital of Meri on eths hire, Wales, situated on the coast 21 miles south of Carnarvon. Its castle was captured from the Lancastrians by the Yorkists in 1468, and held out long for Charles I. The national Cam brian warsong, "The March of the Men of Harlech," is said to have originated during the former of these sieges. Grove. Harleian Manuscripts and Miscellany. See Harley , Roberte Harlem (här'lem). 1. See Haarlem .-2. The part of the city of New York situated in the northern part of Manhattan Island, and included between the East and Harlem rivers, Eighth Avenue, and 106th street. Harlem River. A channel separating Manhattan Island from the mainland of the State of River on the east, and through Spuyten Duyvil creek with the Hudson on the west. Length, about 7 miles. The Harlem Canal, connecting with the Hudson River, was officially opened June 17, 1895. New York, and communicating with the East Harlequin (här'le-kin or -kwin). [It. Arlec chino , F. Harlequin .] A conventional clown in. the improvised Italian comedy, or com media dell' arte. He was the servant of Pantalone, or Pantaloon, was noted for his agility and gluttony, and carried a sword of lath. He was the descendant of the old Roman sannio (zany); the German Hans wurst was borrowed from him. In English pantomime Harlequin was dignified and made popular by the acting of Rich, Woodward, O'Brien, and Grimaldi. He hardly exists now save in Christmas pantomimes, improvised Italian plays, and puppet-shows. Harle (här'les), Gottlieb Chris toph Adolf von. Born at Nuremberg, Bavaria, Nov. 21, 1806: died at Munich, Sept. 5, 1879. A German Harle Protestant theologian. His works include "Kom. mentar über den Brief an die Epheser" (1834), "Theolog is che Encyklopädie und Metho do logie" (1837), "Die christliche Ethik" (1842), etc. Harleth (här'leth), Gwendolen. The principal female character in George Eliot's novel "Daniel Deronda." Harley (här'li). The "man of feeling" in Mackenzie's novel of that name: a sensitive, irresolute person, too gentle to battle with life. Harley, Robert, first Earl of Oxford. Born at London, Dec. 5, 1661: died May 21, 1724. An English Tory (originally Whig) statesman. He entered Parliament in 1689; was speaker of the House of Commons 1701-05; was secretary of state 1704-08; was made chancellor of the exchequer in 1710; was raised to the peerage in 1711; was lord treasurer and premier 17111714; was impeached for high treason in 1715, and acquitted in 1717. He left a valuable collection of manuscripts, which was increased by his son Edward Harley, and eventually acquired by the government for the British Museum. A selection of rare pamphlets, etc., from his library was published under the title of "The Harleian Miscellany" in 1744-46. Harlingen (här'ling-en), Friesian Harns (härnz). A seaport in the province of Fries land, Netherlands, situated on the North Sea in lat 53° 11′ N., long. 5o 24′ E.: the chief commercial place of Fries land. Population (1891), 10,110. Harlot's Progre , The. A series of 6 satirical pictures by William Hogarth, completed in 1733. Five of them were burned at Font hill in 1755; the sixth is at Gosford House, near Edinburgh, owned by the Earl of Wemy . Cyc. Painters and Paintings . Harlow (här'lō), George Henry. Born at LonJune 10, 1787: died at London, Feb. 4, 2. An asteroid (No. 40) discovered by Goldschmidt at Paris, March 31, 1856. Harmonious Blacksmith, The. An air upon which Handel I wrote variations, and which since his death has been known as "Handel's Harmonious Blacksmith." The original air has been attributed to various persons. Harmonists (har'mō-nists). A communistic religious body organized by George Rapp in Würtemberg on the model of the primitive church, and conducted by him to Pennsylvania in 1803: their settlement there was called Har- mony (whence their name). They removed to New Harmony in Indiana in 1815, but returned to Pennsylvania in 1825, and formed the township of Economy on the Ohio near Pittsburg, and later a new village of Harmony. They are communistic, holding all property in common; they discourage strongly marriage and sexual intercourse, and hold that the second coming of Christ and the millennium are near at hand, and that ultimately the whole human race will be saved. Also called Rappists and Eco no mites . Harmony Society. See Harmonists . Harms (härmz), Klaus. Born at Fahrstedt, Schleswig-Holstein, Pru ia, May 25, 1778: died at Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Feb. 1, 1855. A German Protestant theologian and preacher at Kiel. He published "Pastoraltheologie" (1830-34), volumes of sermons, etc. Harnack (här'näk), Adolf. Born at Dorpat, May 7, 1851. A noted German Protestant theo- logian, profe or succe ively at Leipsic, Gies- sen, Marburg, and (1888) Berlin. His most im- portant work is in the department of the history of the ancient church. He has published "Lehrbuch der Dog- mengeschichte" (1886-90), etc., and contributed largely to the ninth edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica." 1819. An English painter of portraits and his Harnack, Theodosius. Born at St. Petersburg, torical subjects. His most notable work is a portrait of Mrs. Siddons as Queen Catharine in the trial scene in Shakspere's "Henry VIII." Harlowe, Clari a. See Clari a Harlowe . Harmachis, or Harmais. See Hormakhu . Harm and (är-mon'), François Jules. Born at Saumur, France, Oct., 1845. A French explorer. He served in the campaign against the Kabyles in 1871, and subsequently attached himself to the scientific expedition under Delaporte, whose objective points were Tongking and Cambodia. As the other members of the expe. dition fell sick on the way, he proceeded to Tongking with Garnier as his only companion. He visited Cambodia and explored the tributaries of the Mekong River 1875-81, and in 1883-84 rendered important services to the French in the contest for Tongking. Harmensen (här'men-sen), Latinized Arm in i us, Jakobus. Born at Oudewater, South Holland, 1560: died at Leyden, Oct. 19, 1609. ADutch theologian, leader of the Arm in i an movement in theology. See Remonstrants . He studied at Leyden, Geneva, and Basel; preached in Amsterdam; and was profe or of theology in Leyden 1603-09. His works were published in Latin in 1629. Harmer (här'mer), Thomas. Born at Norwich, England, Oct., 1714 (?): died at Watt is field, Suffolk, England, Nov. 27,1788. An English clergyman of the Independent Church, pastor at Watt is field. He was the author of “Observations on Various Pa ages of Scripture" (1764), etc. Harmodius (här-modi-us) and Aristo git on (a-ris-tō-ji'ton). Killed 514 B. C. Two A then i an youths who killed Hipparch us, tyrant of Athens, in 514. They are represented as entertaining a strong the endeavors of Hipparch us to withdraw that of the young and beautiful Harmodius to himself. Enraged at the in difference of Harmodius, Hipparch us put a public insult upon him by declaring his sister unworthy of carrying the sacred baskets at a religious proce ion, in revenge for which the youths organized a conspiracy to overthrow both Hipparch us and his brother Hippias. Harmodius and Aristo git on slew the former on the festival of the great Pan a thenæa, but their precipitancy prevented the oöper at i on of the other conspirators. Harmodius was cut Gown by the guard. Aristo git on was captured, and, when put to the torture to reveal his accomplices, named the principal friends of Hippias, who were executed. When pre ed for further revelations, he answered that there remained no one whose death he desired, except the tyrant. They are represented in a group now in the Museo Nazionale, Naples. The statues are copies of the famous archaic bronze originals which stood on the ascent to the A then i an Acropolis. Both figures are striding forward; Aristo git on, a little behind, extends his left arm, over which his chlamys is wrapped, to cover Harmodius's right side. Harmodius, wholly undraped, with right arm raised, is about to strike down the tyrant. Aristo git on's head, though antique, is much later than the body. Harmon (här'mon), John, otherwise John Roke smith or Julius Hand ford. In Dick ens's "Our Mutual Friend,” the heir to the Harmon property. Jan. 3, 1817: died at Dorpat, Sept. 23, 1889. A German Protestant theologian, profe or of theology at Dorpat 1845-75 (except 1853–66, when he was profe or at Erlangen): author of various historical and theological works. Harney (här'ni), William Selby. Born at Haysboro, Tenn., Aug. 27, 1800: died May 9, 1889. An American general. He entered the army in 1818, served as a colonel in the Mexican war (obtaining the brevet of brigadier-general for gallantry at Cerro Gordo), and was promoted brigadier-general in 1858. While in command of the Department of Oregon, he took po e ion in 1859 of the island of San Juan, which was claimed by the English; and was in consequence recalled. Harney's Peak. [Named from W. S. Harney.] The highest summit of the Black Hills, South Dakota. Height, about 7,215 feet. Haro (ä'ro). A town in the province of Logroño, northern Spain, situated near the Ebro 24 miles west-northwest of Logroño. It has some trade. Population (1887), 7,549. Haro, Don Luis de. Born 1599: died at Madrid, Nov. 26, 1661. A Spanish politician and courtier. He was the son of the Marquis of Carpio, and a nephew of the Duke of Olivares, whom he succeeded in 1643 as prime minister and favorite of Philip IV. He carried on an unsucce ful war against France, Portugal, and the Dutch, which was concluded by the treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. He is said to have been the ablest minister which Spain produced in the 17th century. His public services were rewarded by the erection of the marquisate of Carpio into a dukedom. Harpies and on the death of Edward procured his own election as king, Jan. 6, 1066. He defeated his brother Tostig (who had been deposed from his earldom of Nor thumb ria and outlawed in the previous reign) and Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, at Stamford Bridge, 1066; and wa defeated by William, duke of Normandy, and killed at the battle of Hastings or Senlac, Oct. 14, 1066. His mutilated body is said to have been recognized among the slain by his former mistre Edith Swan-neck, and to stones. have been buried by William's order on the coast which he sought to defend, the grave being marked by a cairn of Harold I., surnamed Harfagr or Haarfager ('Fair-haired'). Died in 933. Kin King of Norway 860-930, son of Halfdan the Black. He completed the conquest of the jarls, or petty kings, begun by his father, and repre ed freebooting, which caused a migration of many of the most famous vikings to Iceland and Normandy (Rollo). In 930 he divided his kingdom among his sons, of whom the eldest, Eric Blodöxe, retained the overlordship. Harold II., surnamed Graafeld ('Gray-skin'). Died in 963. King of the Norwegians 950-963, son of Eric Blodöxe. Harold III., surnamed Hardrada (' the Stern'). Died Sept. 25, 1066. King of Norway 1046-66. He entered the military service at Constantinople in 1033, became commander of the imperial guard, and defeated the Saracens in 18 battles in Africa. He invaded England in alliance with Tostig, the outlawed brother of Harold II. of England, in 1066, and was defeated and slain at the battle of Stamford Bridge. Harold, or The Last of the Saxon Kings. A historical romance by Bulwer, published in 1848. The scene is laid in the time of Harold II. Harold en Italie. A symphony composed by Berlioz in 1834. It is the fourth of his five symphonies, and the idea is from "Childe Harold." Haroun-al-Rashid. See Harun - al - Rashid . Harp (härp), The. A constellation. See Lyra. Harpagon (är-pä-gôn'). A character in Molière's comedy “L'Avare” (taken from Plautus's "Euclio"), a miser. Harpagon does not absolutely starve the rats; he po e es horses, though he feeds them ill; he has servants, though he grudges them clothes: he even contemplates a marriage-supper at his own expense, though he intends to have a bad one. He has evidently been compelled to make some sacrifices to the usages of mankind, and is at once a more common and a more theatrical character than 付 Euclio. Hallam . Harpagus (här'pa-gus). A general of Cyrus. According to Hero dot us, he was descended from a noble Median house, and was the confidential attendant of Astyages, who charged him with the duty of exposing Cyrus. (See Mandane .) Instead, however, of performing that duty in person, he delegated it to the herdsman Mitradates, who substituted a still-born child of which his wife had just been delivered. When the identity of Cyrus was dis. covered, Astyages punished Harpagus by serving up to him at a banquet the flesh of his own son. Harpagus waited until Cyrus had grown to manhood, then incited him to rebel against Astyages, and effected the downfall of the latter by deserting with the army to Cyrus. He was afterward one of the most trusted generals in Cyrus's service, and acted a prominent part in the conquest of Asia Minor. Harper (här'per), James. Born at New town, L. I., April 13, 1795: died at New York, March 27, 1869. An American publisher and printer, founder of the firm of Harper and Brothers. He was a ociated in busine with his brothers Joseph Wesley (1801-70) and Fletcher (1806-77). Harper, William Rainey. Born at New Concord, Ohio, July 26, 1856. An American scholar and educator, first president of the University of Chicago (1891). Harper's Ferry (här'perz fer'i). A town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, situated at the junction of the Shenandoah with the Potomac, 49 miles northwest of Washington. It is noted for picturesque scenery. It was seized by John Brown Oct. 16, 1859. The Confederates held it from April to June, 1861. Here the Federal commander Miles surrendered to the Confederates (with Federal lo of 11,783) Sept. 15, 1862. Harpies (här'piz). [Gr. " Αρπυιαι , the snatchers.] In Greek mythology, winged monsters, ravenous and filthy, having the face and body of a woman and the wings of a bird of prey, with the feet and fingers armed with sharp claws and the face pale with hunger, serving as ministers of divine vengeance, and defiling everything they touched. The Harpies were commonly regarded either as two (Aëllo and Ocypete) or three in number, but occasionally several others were mentionedds they were Harm on i a (här-mō'ni-ä). [Gr. ' Αρμονία .] 1. In Greek legend, the daughter of Ares and Aphro- dite, or, according to another version, of Zeus and Electra. She was given by Zeus in marriage to Cadmus of Thebes. All the gods of Olympus were present at her wedding, and she received either from Cadmus or from one of the gods a robe and a necklace which proved fatal to every person who succe ively po e ed them. earl of East Anglia about 1045; was banished with his fa- ther by Edward the Confe or in 1051, and was restored with him in 1052; succeeded his father as earl of We ex in 1053 (giving up his earldom of East Anglia); and was the chief minister of Edward 1053-66. Probably in 1064 he was shipwrecked on the coast of Normandy and fell into the hands of William, duke of Normandy, who compelled him to take an oath whereby he promised to marry Wil- liam's daughter and to a ist him in securing the succes- sion in England. He married about this time, probably on his return to England, Ealdgyth or Aldgyth, widow of Gruffydd, and sister of Eadwine, earl of the Mercians; conceived of simply as sent by the gods to carry off offenders, and were later personified as fair-haired winged maidens, their features and characteristics being more or le repulsive at different times and places. The Harpies have been to some extent confounded by modern scholars with the Sirens, who, though of kindred origin, were godde es of melody, even if of a sweetne that was harmful to mankind, and were represented as women in the upper parts of their bodies and as birds below. The mummy lies on the bier, attended by Anubis, the jackal-headed god of embalmment. The Soul, grasping in one hand a little sail, the emblem of breath, in the curls, and, besides the claws of a bird, she has human arms like the Egyptian "Ba," wherewith to clasp her - prey. The monument from which this group is copied was discovered by Sir Charles Fellows at Xanthus, in Lycia, and it dates from about five hundred and forty years be- fore our era, Edwards , Pharaohs, Fellahs, etc., p. 187. Harpignies (är-pēn-yē'), Henri Joseph. Born at Valenciennes, July, 1819. A noted French landscape-painter. He was the pupil of Achard, and Harpoot, Harput. See Kharput . Harring (här' Harris, Joseph. An English actor (played from 1661 to 1681). He was succe ful in both tragedy and comedy. [Not to be confounded with a more common- place actor named Joseph Harris, who flourished from 1661-99, and who wrote several plays.] Harris, Mrs. In Dickens's “Martin Chuzzle- wit," an entirely imaginary person, constantly quoted by Sairey Gamp as one for whose opin- ions she has great respect, in order to lend greater weight to her own. Harris, Thaddeus William. Born at Dor- chester, Ma ., Nov. 12, 1795: died at Cam- bridge, Ma ., Jan. 16, 1856. An American en- tom ologist. He published “Catalogue of the Insects of Ma achusetts,” “Insects Injurious to Vegetation" (1841), etc. Harris, William. Born at Springfield, Ma ., April 29, 1765: died Oct. 18, 1829. An Ameri- can clergyman and educator, president of Co- lumbia College (New York) 1811-29. Harris, William Torrey. Born at Killingly, Conn., Sept. 10, 1835. An American philosoph- ical writer and educator. He was superintendent of the public schools of St. Louis 1867, founded the "Jour- nal of Speculative Philosophy" in 1867, and became United States commi ioner of education in 1889. Harris burg (har'is-berg). A city, the capital of Pennsylvania and of Dauphin County, situ- ated on the Susquehanna in lat. 40° 16′ N., long. 76° 53′ W. It has important manufactures, especially of iron and steel. It became the State capital 1812. Pop- ulation (1900), 50,167. Harrison (har'i-son). A town of Hudson Coun- ty, New Jersey, adjoining Newark. Population (1900), 10,596. Harrison, Benjamin. Born in Virginia about 1740: died April, 1791. An American politi- cian, a delegate to Congre 1774-77, and gov- ern or of Virginia 1782-85. Harrison, Benjamin. Born at North Bend, Ohio, Aug. 20, 1833: died at Indianapolis, March 13, 1901. Twenty-third President of the United States, grandson of President W. H. Harrison. He graduated at Miami University in 1852; studied law, and practised in Indianapolis; was elected (Republican) reporter of the Indiana Supreme Court in 1860; served in the Civil War 1862-65 as commander of a regiment and brigade; was brevetted brigadier-general; took an active part in the battles of Resaca and Peach Tree Creek in 1864; and was reëlected reporter in 1864, but declined reelection in 1868. He was the unsucce ful Republican candidate for governor of Indiana in 1876; was United States senator dency in 1888; and served as President 1889-93. He was an unsucce ful candidate for reëlection in 1892. Harrison, Doctor. A clergyman, in Fielding's "Amelia," somewhat resembling Parson Adams. Harrison, Frederic. Born at London, Oct. 18, 1831. An English jurist, e ayist, and philo- sophical writer. He has been a frequent contributor to one of the founders of the Positivist school in 1870. Among the "Nineteenth Century" and other periodicals, and was his works are "Order and Progre " (1874), "Social Stat- ics" (1875), "Present and Future" (1880), "The Choice of Books, etc." (1886). Harrison, John. Born at Foulby, parish of Wragby, Yorkshire, March 31, 1693: died at London, March 24,1776. An English mecha- nician and inventor. He invented the "grid- iron" compensating pendulum and the chro- delphia, Harrison, Thomas Alexander. Born at Phila- delphia, Jan. 17, 1853. An American genre and landscape painter. He was a pupil of Gérôme at the École des Beaux Arts. He exhibited first in the Salon of 1881. Among his works are "Au bord de la mer," "Coast Harrison, William Henry. Born at Berkeley, Charles City County, Va., Feb. 9, 1773: died at Washington, D. C., April 4, 1841. The ninth President of the United States, son of Benja- Hart, Joel T. Born in Clarke County, Ky., in 1810: died at Florence, March 1, 1877. An American sculptor. Among his works are “Angel in a," Henry Clay. "Il Penseroso," "Woman Triumphant," and statues of Hart, John. Born at Hope well, N. J., 1708: died there, 1780. An American patriot, delegate to the Declaration of Independence. Congre from New Jersey 1776, and a signer of Hart, Sir Robert. Born in 1835. A British diplomat. He entered the consular service in China in 1854, was inspector-general of customs in China 1863-85, and was director of Chinese imperial maritime customs 1:85-. Created a baronet in 1893. Hart, Solomon Alexander. Born at Plymouth, 1806: died at London, June 12, 1881. An Eng- lish historical painter, of Hebrew descent. Hart, William. Born at Paisley, Scotland, March 31, 1823: died at Mount Vernon, N.Y., June 17, 1894. An American landscape-and animal- painter, brother of James McDougal Hart. N. Y., Aug. 25, 1839: died at Cam berley, Surrey, Harte (härt), Francis Bret. Born at Albany, England, May 5, 1902. An American poet and novelist. He removed to California in 1854, and founded the "Overland Monthly " (San Francisco) in 1868. In 1870 he was made profe or of recent literature in the Univer- sity of California, but resigned and removed to New York in 1871. He was United States consul at Crefeld, Germany, 1878-80, and at Glasgow 1880-85, and afterward lived in England. Among his many works are "The Luck of Roar- ing Camp" (1868), "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" (1869), both the "Overland Monthly"; "Condensed Novels, of Congre from Ohio 1816-19, United States senator 1825- 1811, and that of the Thames in 1813. He was member 1828, and United States minister to Colombia 1828-29. In 1836 he was defeated as Whig candidate for the presi- dency, but was elected (in the "log cabin and hard-cider campaign") in 1840. He was President for one month only, being inaugurated March 4, 1841. Harrison's Landing. A landing on the lower James River in Virginia, often mentioned in the hidden in the Charterinehalapital Harri e (har-es'), Henri. Born in Paris, of Ru ian Hebrew parents, 1830. A critic, bibli- ographer, and historian. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and for some years practised law in New York. He has traveled in America and in many parts of Europe in search of documents relating to the early history of the New World. Among his important publications are "Bibliotheca American a Vetusti ima" (1866), "Cris top he Colomb" (2 vols. 1884-85), "Jean et Se- basti an Cabot" (1883), etc. Hartford Convention Connecticut because those States refused to place their mi litias under the control of the Federal government, and recommended, among other things, the restriction of the powers of Congre pertaining to var and to the laying of embargos. Its proceedings were carried on in secret, and the convention was suspected at the time of treason. Harthacnut. See Hard i can ute . Hartington (här'ting-ton), Marquis of. See Cavendish, Spencer Compton . Hartlepool. See East Hartlepool and West Har tlepool. Hartley (hart'li), David. Born 1705 (exact date uncertain): died at Bath, England, Aug. 28, 1757. An English materialistic philosopher. His chief work is "Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations" (1749). He explained all mental proce es as founded upon minute nervous vibrations, which he called "Vibratiuncles." He was the founder of the English a ociational psychology. Hartmann (härt'män), Karl Robert Eduard von. Born at Berlin, Feb. 23, 1842. A German philosophical writer, noted as an expounder of pe imism. He has written "Die Philosophie des Unbe wu ten" ("Philosophy of the Unconscious," 1869), "Phanomenologie des sittlichen Bewu tseins" (1879), "Das religiose Bewu tsein der Mensch he it," "Die Religion des Geistes" (1882), etc. Hartmann, Moritz. Born at Duschnik, Bohemia, Oct. 15, 1821: died at Oberdöbling, near Vienna, May 13, 1872. A German poet poet and novelist. Among his works are "Der Krieg um den Wald" (1850), and the poem " "Adam und Eva" (1851). Hartmann von Aue (härt'män fon ou'e). Born in Swabia about 1170: died between 1210 and 1220. A Middle High German epic poet. He was a liegeman of the noble house of Aue. He was well educated, according to the measure of the time, and had received instruction in Latin and French. He took part in the Crusade of 1197. At various times he wrote lyrics and two poetical love-letters, or "Büchlein" ("Booklets"). His epics are "Greg or i us," the legend of St. Gregory, based on a French poem; "Der arme He in rich" ("Poor Henry"), a pious tale from a Latin story; and two romances from the so-called cycle of King Arthur, "Erec" and "Iwein," both free versions of originals of the French poet Chrestien of Troyes. "Erec" and "Greg or i us" were written before 1197, "Der arme He in rich" and "Iwein" after, probably in the order given. In "Erec" he introduced the Arthur i an legend into German literature. Hartranft (här'tranft), John Frederick. Born at New Hanover, Montgomery County, Pa., Dec. 16, 1830: died at Norristown, Pa., Oct. 17, 1889. An American general and politician, governor of Pennsylvania 1873-79. Hartt (härt), Charles Frederic. Born at Fred ericton, New Brunswick, Aug. 23, 1840: died at Rio de Janeiro, March 18, 1878. An American geologist. He studied under Aga iz, and accompanied him to Brazil in 1865; subsequently he was profe or of geology at Va ar College and Cornell University. He made repeated excursions to Brazil, and in 1875 organized the Brazilian Geological Commi ion, under the govern ment of that country: its work was cut short by his death. He published "Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil" (1870), and numerous important papers on geology, pale ontology, and ethnology. Hartwick (härt'wik). A township in Otsego County, central New York, 63 miles west of Albany: seat of Hartwick Theological Seminary (Luther an). Population (1890), 1,894.