CURIA ROMANA

designation of legal and administrative department of papal court (Corte domana), the other branches of which are the civil court (familia) and court for ecclesiastical ceremonies (capella). Decrees emanating from its various subdivisions are known as Acts of Holy See in distinction from Pontifical Acts; its authority, however emanates from pope who ratifies its acts. It was organized by Sixtus X., 1587; reorganized by Pius X., 1908. Divisions are (1) Tribunals, (2) Offices, (3) Congregations. (1) There are three Tribunals: the Penitentiary, which deals with matters of conscience; the Rota, court of ultimate appeal in civil and judicial matters; and Sig natura, court of ca ation. (2) Offices are reduced to Chancery, which i ues papal bulls; Datary, which other ‘graces’; the Camera apostolic a, which administers property of See; the Palatine secretaries, including secretariate of state; which administers home and foreign affairs and i ues papal briefs, secretary of briefs to princes, and secretary of Latin letters. (3) The Congregations are in personal subdivisions of Consistory, and of greatest importance. They are: Congregation of Inquisition, which deals with heresy; of the Consistory, which prepares agenda for Consistory; decides on competence of other congregations, erection of dioceses, etc.; of Papal Visitation, of Sacraments, of disciplinary matters, of Council of Trent, of Propaganda, of Index (list of forbidden books), of Liturgy, of Ceremonies, of Indulgences and Relics, of Fabric of St. Peter’s, of Loretto, of Educations, and of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Busine . i province, Chile, S. of Colchagua (area, c. 3,000 sq. miles); fertile; rich minerals, Pop. 1910, 108,120. Capital, Curico. Pop. 18,000. (1868), a Polish-French scientist, 6. in Warsaw. Graduating from the gymnasium, or high school, in 1884, she specialized in physics, and in 1891 went to Paris to continue her studies. It was there that she first met her future husband, Pierre Curie, with whom she did such remarkable team work. He was then profe or in a school in Sevres where she studied after coming to France. It was in 1898 that they announced their discovery of a new and strongly radioactive substance in pitchblende, from which later developed their discovery of radium. M. Curie died in 1906, and Madame Curie continued their investigations alone. In 1908 she was appointed chief profe or of physics in the University of Paris, an unusual honor for a woman. In 1911 she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, although in 1903 she and her husband had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1921 Madam Curie visited the United States and was accorded honors shown only to great personages. She arrived in New York on May 11 and returned home on June 25, and during this period she received at the hands of President Harding a gram of radium, valued at $100,000, together with mesa thorium valued at $22,000, placed in a costly mahogany box from the Madam Curie Radium Fund Committee, which had raised by popular subscriptions the funds nece ary for the purchase of these costly elements, so that she might be able to continue her investigations. She also received honorary degrees from Yale, Columbia, Chicago, Northwestern, Wellesley, Pennsylvania, Smith and the Women’s Medical universities or colleges. From the American Philosophical Society she received a medal which carried with it a money award of $800; the Naples Table Award, of $2,000, and several similar honors, physicist; prof. of physics at Sorbonne; he married Marie Sklodowska (1867), with whom he jointly discovered polonium and radium. In 1903 they received Davy medal of Royal Soc., and shared the Nobel prize for physics with Henri Becquerel. Madame Ourie succeeded her husband as director of physics at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris, and in 1911 received the Nobel prize for chemistry. B.C.), Rom. statesman and general of age of Cicero; consul, 76 B.C.; oratory better than his statesmanship. His clever son of same name erected first Rom. amphitheater. 49° 30’ W.), town, Parana, Brazil; several factories; exports mat6, Pop. 50,000. quat us), long-billed bird of the family Scolopacids, living on the northern ammoors and heaths in summer and seashores in winter, known by its peculiar cry. About twenty species are known.